Amathangi Amanzi Okugcwalisa i-Cooling Tower: Ukulingana Kwamanzi, Ukusebenza Ngokweqile kanye Nosayizi
Kwadalwa ngo Ngokwamukisa
Amathangi Amanzi Okugcwalisa Omathumbu Okupholisa: Ukulinganisela Kwamanzi, Ukwengeza Nokulinganisa Usayizi
Kungakanani amanzi okugcwalisa umbhoshongo wokupholisa i-data center okufanele iwagcine kungukulingana kwamanzi okuphindaphindwa ngesikhathi esishiwo sokuphazamiseka, futhi ukwanda kuyilapho kulele isiyalo. Ukulingana kunemigqa emithathu: ukuhwamuka, okukhuphuka ngomthwalo wokupholisa nangokwehla kwe-wet-bulb ngaphesheya kombhoshongo; i-drift, okuyingxenye yokugeleza okujikelezayo futhi okufanele kuthathwe kumkhiqizi wombhoshongo kunokuba kucatshangwe; kanye ne-blowdown, ebekwa imijikelezo yokugxilisa ngakho-ke ilandela igama lokuhwamuka kunokuba ilinganiswe ngokuzimela. Isikhathi sokuphazamiseka kuyisinqumo sokuthembeka kunokuba kube ukubala, ngoba kuncike ekutheni indawo icubungula yini indawo yomlilo eyabiwe, ekutheni isikhathi esingakanani isitshalo sokuhlanza singasebenzi kanye nokuthi umkhawulo wamanzi ungasho ukuthini. Okutholakele okumangaza abathengi abaningi ukuthi izinga lokugcwalisa, hhayi umthamo wethangi, ngokuvamile yisimo esilawulayo: indawo enkulu yokugcina engakwazi ukubuyiselwa phakathi nesikhathi esamukelekayo ivikela isitshalo isikhathi esingaphansi kwalokho okushiwo izibalo, futhi ububanzi bepayipi, imitha yokugeleza kanye nokugeleza kwesitshalo sokuhlanza konke kufanele kuhlolwe ngokumelene nesidingo sokubuyisela, njengoba kuchaziwe ngethangi lamanzi okugcwalisa umbhoshongo wokupholisa.
Kungani isikhungo sedatha sigcina amanzi okugcwalisa omathumbu okupholisa
A cooling tower evaporates water continuously, and without storage every kilogram lost has to be delivered at the moment it is lost, so the makeup line is sized for the peak loss rate and the supply cannot be interrupted at all. Storage converts a continuous delivery obligation into an inventory with a recovery requirement, and that is what makes the tank a reliability asset rather than a process vessel. The load on a hyperscale site is not steady and the loss rate follows it, so a tank sized on the daily average leaves the tower without makeup exactly when the for cooling tower makeup water tank
Ukulinganisela kwamanzi: ukuhwamuka, ukukhukhuleka nokukhishwa kwamanzi
Ukuhwamuka kubangelwa ukushisa okulahlwayo kanye nokwehla kwe-wet-bulb emhlabeni wonke umbhoshongo, futhi kukhuphuka kanye nomthwalo kanye nokusondela ezingeni lokushisa le-wet-bulb eliklanyelwe. I-drift ingxenye yokugeleza okujikelezayo ephuma njengamaconsi angahwamukanga, isici sokugcwalisa kanye nezihlukanisi ze-drift hhayi inqubo, ngakho-ke ivela kudatha yomkhiqizi wombhoshongo. I-blowdown iwukuhlanza okugcina ukugxila kokujikelezayo ngaphansi kolawulo, futhi itholakala hhayi ukulinganiswa: ngemijikelezo yokugxila echazwa njengesilinganiso sezinto eziqinile ezijikelezayo kuzinto eziqinile ze-blowdown, izinga le-blowdown lingelethangi yamanzi okwengeza yombhoshongo wokupholisa.
Ithemu lokulinganisela | Yini eyenza lokhu | Ivelaphi inani | Umthelela ekugcinweni |
Ukuhwamuka | Umthwalo wokupholisa kanye nokwehla kwe-wet-bulb | Ukulahlwa kokushisa kwesiza kanye nedatha yesimo sezulu | Ithemba elikhulu kakhulu; likhula ngokulingana nomthwalo ophezulu |
Ukukhukhuleka | Ukugcwaliswa komthombo kanye nezihlukanisi zokukhukhuleka | Idatha yokusebenza komkhiqizi womthombo | Kulingana nokugeleza okujikelezayo, hhayi umthwalo |
Ukukhishwa kwamanzi | Imijikelezo yokugxila kumjikelezo | Kususelwa ekuhwamukeni kanye nemijikelezo eqondiwe | Kwehla njengoba ukugxila kukhuphuka, nengozi yokudepositha |
Ukulahlekelwa okuphelele | Isamba salawa mathemu amathathu | Ukulinganisela esimweni esibi kakhulu esiqhubekayo | Izinga okudonswa ngalo isitoko esigciniwe |
Umthwalo wengxenye kanye neziqongo zesizini kungena ekulinganiselweni njengecala elilawulayo
Ekushiseni okungaphelele, ukugeleza kokujikelezayo kuyehla kanjalo ne-drift, kodwa izinga lokuhwamuka ngeyunithi ngayinye yokushisa okulahlwayo liyashintsha ngokwehla kwe-wet-bulb, futhi esimweni sezulu esinomswakama ukwehla kuyancipha kuyilapho umthwalo uhlala uphezulu. Ngakho-ke inhlanganisela evamise ukulawula akusilo usuku olushisa kakhulu emthwalweni ogcwele kodwa usuku olushisa futhi olunomswakama emthwalweni ophezulu wengxenye, noma isikhathi eside lapho umbhoshongo useduze nomkhawulo wawo wokuklanywa izinsuku eziningi. Yilapho incazelo ebhalwe kusukela kudatha yokukhetha umbhoshongo kuphela ivame ukwehluleka khona: umbhoshongo ukhethwa endaweni eyodwa yokuklanywa, kanye nokulahlekelwa kwethangi lamanzi okwengeza lwembhoshongo wokupholisa
Isikhathi sokuphazamiseka yisinqumo sokuthembeka, hhayi ukubala
Ukubuyabuyelela okukhiqiza umthamo wokugcina kudinga into eyodwa engayinikezwa yinoma yiluphi uhlobo olujwayelekile: isikhathi okufanele isitshalo siqhubeke sipholela ngaphandle kokugcwaliswa. Leso sibalo siyisinqumo esimayelana nomphumela, futhi ngokuvamile sikhulu kunalokho umqondo wobunjiniyela obonisa, ngoba izimo eziningana kufanele zihlanganiswe esikhundleni sokuthi kube yinye. Umphumela wesimo ngasinye uyehluka, yingakho inombolo eyodwa ingadukisa: ukuphazamiseka okufushane ngokuthi umbhoshongo usebenze kanzima kungase kube nokukwazi ukusinda, ngoba amanzi ombhoshongo awasetshenziswa ngokushesha, kuyilapho ukuphazamiseka okude lapho umthwalo we-IT kufanele ugcinwe khona kungenjalo, futhi indawo yokugcina kufanele ihlanganise ithangi lamanzi okugcwalisa umbhoshongo wokupholisa.
Izinga lokugcwalisa kabusha nesikhathi sokululama, kanye nokuhlolwa okuvame ukulawula
Isikhathi sokululama siyivolumu egciniwe ehlukaniswa ngezinga lokugcwalisa elikhokhelwayo, futhi sengezwa esikhathini sokuphazamiseka lapho kulinganiswa ukuchayeka okuphelele, ngoba isitshalo sisebenza emthonjeni wokugcina ngesikhathi sokuphazamiseka bese sisebenza emthonjeni ogcwalisiwe kancane ngenkathi ukuhlinzeka kusalandela. Isilingo siwukucabanga ukuthi izinga lokugcwalisa lilingana nezinga lokulahlekelwa okuphezulu, kodwa lezi zinto ezimbili zihlukile, ngoba ipayipi lokugcwalisa, imitha yokugeleza kanye nesitshalo sokuhlanza kulinganiselwe umsebenzi okungavamile ukwenziwa ukuphezulu okufushane. Isiza esicacisa umthombo wokugcina omkhulu futhi esingakaqinisekisi izinga lokugcwalisa ngokuhambisana nobubanzi bepayipi, ithangi lamanzi okugcwalisa umbhoshongo wokupholisa
Ukuhlolwa kokugcwalisa kabusha | Okufanele kuqinisekiswe | Umphumela uma kweqiwa |
Ububanzi beshubhu yokugcwalisa kanye nesivinini | Umugqa ungadlula izinga lokugcwalisa elidingekayo | Ukululama kuthatha isikhathi eside kunesikhathi esiklanyelwe |
Ibanga lemitha yokugeleza | Imitha ifunda ngokunemba emazingeni aphansi naphezulu | Ibhalansi ayikwazi ukuqinisekiswa lapho isebenza |
Umsebenzi wepompo yokugcwalisa | Ipompo inezinga nezimo zokudonsa | Indawo yokugcina ayikwazi ukugcwaliswa kabusha njengoba kucatshangelwe |
Umthamo wemboni yokuhlanza amanzi | Imboni ingakhiqiza amanzi ahlanziwe ngezinga lokugcwalisa | Amanzi ahlanziwe okugcwalisa anqunyelwe ezingeni eliphansi |
Amandla okulinda epompo | Ikhono lokugcwalisa liyaqhubeka uma kulahleka ugesi | Ukugcwalisa kuyama lapho ukuphazamiseka kuqala |
Isikhathi sokululama kuze kugcwale | Isikhathi sokugcwalisa kanye nesikhathi sokuphazamiseka | Ingozi yangempela yinde kunesikhathi sokugcina |
Amalungiselelo okunciphisa kanye nokuhlukaniswa okukwenza kube ngokoqobo
Ithangi elilodwa liletha umthamo walo wonke kodwa lihluleka njengeyunithi, ngakho-ke liguqula indawo yokugcina ibe yindawo eyodwa yokuhluleka enepayipi elixhunywe kuyo. Ithangi elihlukanisiwe, kungaba ngama-baffle angaphakathi noma ngezindonga zamakhamera, ligcina umthamo kodwa lethula ukuthi amakhamera axhunywe futhi ahlukaniswa kanjani, futhi ikhamera eyodwa ayikwazi ukukhishwa amanzi ukuze ihlanzwe ngaphandle kokukhipha umkhumbi wonke ekusebenzeni. Igobolondo ngalinye lidinga ukudonsa okuphansi, i-valve yokuhlukanisa kulokho kuxhumana kanye nendlela yokugcwalisa, futhi ilungiselelo lokudonsa kufanele lilethe umthamo okhona ne-shell eyodwa ihlukanisiwe kanye nayo yonke imikhumbi isebenza, njengoba kuchaziwe ngokuningiliziwe mayelana nethangi lamanzi okwengeza lwe-cooling tower.
Amanzi angakalungiswa, amanzi alungisiwe kanye nalapho ukulungiswa kukhona khona
Uma ithangi ligcina amanzi angakalungiswa futhi ukwelashwa kusetshenziswa endaweni yokusetshenziswa, ithangi lingakhiwa lamanzi angakalungiswa futhi isitshalo sokwelapha silinganiswa ngezinga lokugcwalisa; kodwa izinga lamanzi angakalungiswa libe selibeka ukuziphatha kokugcwala nokunqwabelana kwesikali ethangini, futhi ibhalansi kufanele ithwale umthamo wokugcwalisa njengoba ulethwa hhayi njengoba ulungisiwe. Incazelo kufanele isho ukuthi izindawo zokwengeza amakhemikhali zikuphi, ngoba indawo yokufaka umthamo engaphansi kwethangi isho ukuthi ithangi libona ikhemistri yamanzi angenayo, kuyilapho indawo yokufaka umthamo engaphezulu isho ukuthi ibona ikhemistri elungisiwe futhi kufanele ihambisane nayo, njengoba kuchaziwe ngethangi lamanzi okugcwalisa isitishi sokupholisa.
Izinto zokusebenza zamanzi alungisiwe, kanye nokuqapha okwenza isitoreji sikholeke
Ithangi le-vitreous enamel lifanele uhla olubanzi lwamakhemikhali kanye nebanga lokushisa lamanzi, futhi ungqimba lwengilazi olushisiwe luyingxenye yensimbi hhayi into yokumboza engahlukanisa, okubalulekile ethangini elihlolwa futhi lilungiswa ngezikhathi ezithile. Ukuqapha yikho okwenza indawo yokugcina isebenziseke hhayi nje ngegama, ngoba ithangi eligcwele kodwa elingakwazi ukukhishwa ngesivinini aliyona ndawo yokugcina. Ithuluzi lezinga kanye nokulinganiswa kokugeleza kokugcwalisa kufanele kokubili kufinyelele ohlelweni lokuphatha lwesakhiwo, futhi izexwayiso kufanele zihlukanise izinga eliphezulu, elivikela ithangi ekuchichimeni, lethangi lamanzi okugcwalisa umbhoshongo wokupholisa
· Ithuluzi lezinga elifundeka endaweni yephampu, hhayi isignali ekude kuphela, njengoba kuchaziwe kuthangi lamanzi okugcwalisa umbhoshongo wokupholisa.
· Imitha yokugeleza kokugcwalisa enebanga elihlanganisa kokubili izinga elijwayelekile neliphezulu, njengoba kuchaziwe kuthangi lamanzi okugcwalisa umbhoshongo wokupholisa.
· I-alamu yezinga eliphezulu exhunywe ukumisa iphampu yokugcwalisa, njengoba kuchaziwe kuthangi lamanzi okugcwalisa umbhoshongo wokupholisa.
· I-alamu yezinga eliphansi kanye nokumiswa kwezinga eliphansi kwiphampu yokudlulisa, njengoba kuchaziwe kuthangi lamanzi okugcwalisa umbhoshongo wokupholisa.
· Iphampu yokugcwalisa kokuphakelwa okulindile, nokushintshwa kokuqinisekisiwe ngaphansi kokuhlolwa, njengoba kuchaziwe kuthangi lamanzi okugcwalisa umbhoshongo wokupholisa.
· Izignali zezinga nokugeleza kuhlelo lokuphatha isakhiwo, kanye nohlu lwama-alamu olubhaliwe, njengoba kuchaziwe kuthangi lamanzi okugcwalisa umbhoshongo wokupholisa.
Uhlu lokuhlola lokulinganisa nokugcina kwesitoreji sezimonyo
Ukulinganisela kwamanzi kuza kuqala ngoba isikhathi sokuphazamiseka sikusandisa, isikhathi sokuphazamiseka sivela ohlwini lwezigameko hhayi ethangini, futhi ukuhlolwa kokugcwalisa kabusha kuza ekugcineni ngoba kuvame ukuguqula umthamo okhiqizwe izinyathelo zangaphambili. Ukuthunyelwa okunokulinganisela kodwa okungenalo ukuhlolwa kokugcwalisa kabusha akukakhombisi ukuthi indawo yokugcina ingasetshenziswa, futhi okungenakho kokubili kukhiqize umthamo kanye ne-oda lokuthenga ngaphandle komsebenzi. Izinto zokweqisa zifanele zibe kudokhumenti eyodwa, ngoba inani lamagobolondo, ukuhlelwa kokuhlukanisa kanye namapayipi kunqunywa ndawonye. Iqembu lokugcina lingelokugcwalisa ithangi lamanzi lesakhiwo sokupholisa.
· Umthwalo wokupholisa endaweni yokuklama, kanye nokwehla kwe-wet-bulb okusetshenziselwa ibhalansi, njengoba kuchaziwe ngetanki lamanzi okwengezwa e-cooling tower.
· Idatha yokugeleza okujikelezayo kanye ne-tower drift evela kumkhiqizi we-tower, hhayi iphesenti elicatshangelwayo, njengoba kuchaziwe ngetanki lamanzi okwengezwa e-cooling tower.
· Imijikelezo eqondiwe yokugxilisa kanye ne-blowdown ewumphumela, kanye nobungozi bokudepositha obushiwo, njengoba kuchaziwe ngetanki lamanzi okwengezwa e-cooling tower.
· Ibhalansi yamanzi esimweni esibi kakhulu esiqhubekayo, hhayi esilinganisweni sonyaka, njengoba kuchaziwe ngetanki lamanzi okwengezwa e-cooling tower.
· Isikhathi sokuphazamiseka ngesimo ngasinye, kanye nesimo sokwabelana kwesigcinamafa somlilo esishiwo, njengoba kuchaziwe ngetanki lamanzi okwengezwa e-cooling tower.
· Izinga lokugcwalisa kabusha elivela kupompo, ipayipi, imitha kanye nendawo yokuhlanza amanzi, kanye nesikhathi sokululama, njengoba kuchaziwe ngetanki lamanzi okwengezwa e-cooling tower.
· Ukuqinisekiswa kwamandla okulinda kwepompo yokugcwalisa kanye nepompo yokudlulisa, njengoba kuchaziwe esitsheni samanzi okugcwalisa sombhoshongo wokupholisa.
· Inani lamagobolondo, ukuhlelwa kokuhlukanisa kanye nenqubo yokusebenza yokushintsha, njengoba kuchaziwe esitsheni samanzi okugcwalisa sombhoshongo wokupholisa.
· Ikhemistri yethangi, izinga lokushisa kanye nemfuneko yesitifiketi kushiwo ndawonye, njengoba kuchaziwe esitsheni samanzi okugcwalisa sombhoshongo wokupholisa.
· Izinga lokugcwalisa eliqalisisiwe, ibhalansi elinganisiwe kanye nezilungiselelo zesixwayiso ezirekhodiwe, njengoba kuchaziwe esitsheni samanzi okugcwalisa sombhoshongo wokupholisa.
Isifundo Sombandela Wephrojekthi
Ukulethwa kwereferensi kulo msebenzi, okucashunwe emtatsheni wamaphrojekthi oqinisekisiwe. Izinga lokufanisa C. Kucashunwe kuphela ukukhombisa indlela umthamo omkhulu wokugcina ochazwa ngayo ngamagama obunjiniyela kuwo wonke amagobolondo amaningi. Ibhalansi yamanzi, isikhathi sokuphazamiseka kanye nokuhlolwa kwezinga lokugcwalisa kabusha kulesi sihloko kuyizitatimende zendlela, futhi le phrojekthi ayingeni kunoma yikuphi ukubalwa, njengoba kuchaziwe esitsheni samanzi okugcwalisa sombhoshongo wokupholisa.
I-ID Yephrojekthi | Izwe | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Inani lamathangi | Ubukhulu | Ukuqedwa | Ububanzi bokuhlinzeka |
IND-FIRE-12261-B | i-India | Ithangi Elihlanganisiwe Ngensimbi Ehlanganiswe Nengilazi (GFS) | 12,261 m3 | 3 | φ19.86 × 13.2 m (H) ithangi ngalinye | 2024-06 | Ithangi Kuphela |
Kucashunwa kuphela ukukhombisa indlela umthamo omkhulu wokugcina amanzi ochazwa ngayo ngamagama obunjiniyela kuzo zonke izigaba eziningi. Ukulingana kwamanzi, isikhathi sokuphazamiseka kanye nokuhlolwa kwezinga lokugcwalisa kulesi sihloko kuyizitatimende zendlela, futhi le phrojekthi ayingeni kukho noma yikuphi ukubala, njengoba kuchaziwe ngethangi lamanzi okwengeza ethaweni yokupholisa.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1. Kungani isikhungo sedatha sigcina amanzi okwengeza ethaweni yokupholisa?
Ngoba umbhoshongo uhwamukisa amanzi ngokuqhubekayo, futhi ngaphandle kokugcina wonke amakhilogremu alahlekayo kufanele alethwe ngaso leso sikhathi elahleka ngaso. Ukugcina kuguqula isibopho sokuletha okuqhubekayo kube yimpahla enesidingo sokubuyiselwa, futhi kuvumela umugqa wokwengeza ukuthi ulinganiswe nomsebenzi isikhathi esifushane sokuphakama esingawusebenzisi, njengoba kuchaziwe ngethangi lamanzi okwengeza ethaweni yokupholisa.
Umbuzo 2. Yini equkethwe ukulingana kwamanzi?
Amagama amathathu: ukuhwamuka, okubangelwa ukushisa okulahlwayo kanye nokwehla kwe-wet-bulb; ukukhukhuleka, ingxenye yokugeleza okujikelezayo ethathwe kudatha yomenzi wombhoshongo; kanye nokukhishwa kwamanzi, okususelwa ekuhwamukeni kanye nemijikelezo ehlosiwe yokugxila esikhundleni sokulinganiswa. Isamba salawa mathathu, esimweni esibi kakhulu esiqhubekayo, yizinga okugcinwa ngalo isitoko esigciniwe sethangi lamanzi okwengeza umbhoshongo wokupholisa
Umbuzo 3. Ukulayisha ingxenye kanye neziqongo zesizini kungena kanjani kubhalansi?
Ukukhukhuleka kwehla ngokugeleza okujikelezayo, kodwa ukuhwamuka ngeyunithi yokushisa okulahlwayo kushintsha ngokwehla kwe-wet-bulb, okuncipha esimweni sezulu esinomswakama kuyilapho umthwalo uhlala uphezulu. Icala elilawulayo ngokuvamile usuku olushisayo olunomswakama ekulayisheni ingxenye ephezulu kunosuku olushisa kakhulu ekulayisheni okugcwele. Izinga lokulahlekelwa lesilinganiso sonyaka linciphisa kokubili, futhi ngokwengeziwe njengoba ukushintsha komthwalo kukhula, njengoba kuchaziwe ngemininingwane yethangi lamanzi okwengeza umbhoshongo wokupholisa.
Umbuzo 4. Kungani isikhathi sokuphazamiseka siyisinqumo sokuthembeka?
Ngoba isitatimende esimayelana nomphumela hhayi inani elisuselwe, futhi ngoba izimo eziningana kufanele zihlanganiswe: ukuphazamiseka kwensiza, umkhawulo wamanzi, ukuvalwa kwesitshalo sokuhlanza amanzi, kanye nanoma yisiphi isibopho i-reserve yokupholisa eyabelana ngayo nohlelo lomlilo. Ukuchayeka yisikhathi sokuphazamiseka kanye nesikhathi sokululama, ngoba isitshalo siqhubeka sisebenzisa i-reserve ngenkathi igcwaliswa kabusha, njengoba kuchaziwe ngokuningiliziwe mayelana nethangi lamanzi okugcwalisa kabusha lombhoshongo wokupholisa.
Umbuzo 5. Ilinganiswa kanjani izinga lokugcwalisa kabusha nesikhathi sokululama?
Isikhathi sokululama siwumthamo ogciniwe uhlukaniswe ngezinga lokugcwalisa kabusha elilethwayo, futhi sengezwa esikhathini sokuphazamiseka ukuze kunikeze ukuchayeka okuphelele. Izinga elilethwayo alifani nezinga lokulahlekelwa okuphezulu, ngoba ipayipi lokugcwalisa kabusha, imitha yokugeleza, iphampu kanye nesitshalo sokuhlanza amanzi zilinganiselwe umsebenzi oqhubekayo noma ojwayelekile, njengoba kuchaziwe ngokuningiliziwe mayelana nethangi lamanzi okugcwalisa kabusha lombhoshongo wokupholisa.
Umbuzo 6. Yikuphi ukuhlola okuvame ukuba yisimo esilawulayo?
Isizinda esichaza indawo yokugcina enkulu ngaphandle kokuqinisekisa izinga lokugcwalisa ngokumelene nobubanzi bepayipi, ububanzi bemitha, ijika lepompo kanye nokuhamba kwesitshalo sokuhlanza sichaze indawo yokugcina esingakwazi ukuyisebenzisa. Izinto ezimbili zivame ukushiywa: ukuthi ipompo yokugcwalisa isebenza ngogesi wokulinda yini, nokuthi isitshalo sokuhlanza singakwazi ukukhiqizela ithangi lamanzi okugcwalisa umbhoshongo wokupholisa
Q7. Yiziphi izinhlelo zokungafani ezikhona?
Ithangi elilodwa linikeza umthamo walo wonke kodwa lihluleka njengeyunithi, ngakho liyindawo eyodwa yokuhluleka. Ithangi elihlukanisiwe ligcina umthamo kodwa lidinga ukuthi izingxenye zalo zixhunywe futhi zihlukaniswe ngendlela efanele, futhi ingxenye eyodwa ayikwazi ukukhishwa ngaphandle kokukhipha umkhumbi emsebenzini, njengoba kuchaziwe ngethangi lamanzi okugcwalisa umbhoshongo wokupholisa.
Umbuzo 8. Ukuhlukaniswa nokushintshwa kuhlelwa kanjani?
Igobolondo ngalinye lidinga ukudonsa kwezinga eliphansi, isivalo sokuhlukanisa kulokho kuxhumana kanye nendlela yokugcwalisa, futhi ukuhlelwa kokudonsa kufanele kunikeze umthamo okhona ngegobolondo elilodwa elihlukanisiwe kanye nawo wonke amagobolondo asemsebenzini. Ikhanda elixhunywe ngokunqamula elinomthombo wokudonsa owodwa lenza amagobolondo aziphathe njengengxenye eyodwa yokugcina; amathangi aseduze anezivalo ezihlukene awakwenzi lokho, njengoba kuchaziwe ngethangi lamanzi okugcwalisa umbhoshongo wokupholisa.
Umbuzo 9. Ukwelashwa kwamanzi kuhlangana kuphi ochungechungeni?
Ngamanzi angahlanjululwanga ethangini kanye nokwelashwa endaweni yokusetshenziswa, ithangi libona ikhemistri engenayo futhi isitshalo sokwelashwa silinganiswa ngezinga lokugcwalisa. Ngamanzi alungisiwe ethangini kanye nokwelashwa okusele emugqeni oya embhoshongweni, indawo yokufaka umthamo inquma ukuthi iyiphi ikhemistri ethangini eliyibonayo, njengoba kuchaziwe ngethangi lamanzi okugcwalisa umbhoshongo wokupholisa.
Umbuzo 10. Kungani ukuqapha nezixwayiso kungakhethekile?
Izinga kanye nokugeleza kokugcwalisa kufanele kufinyelele ohlelweni lokuphatha isakhiwo, futhi izixwayiso kufanele zihlukanise izimo ezibalulekile: izinga eliphezulu, elivikela ithangi ekuchichimeni futhi elibonisa ukuthi ukugcwalisa kuyasebenza lapho kungafanele; izinga eliphansi, uphawu lokuqala lokuthi isigcinamafa sisetshenziswa ngokushesha kunokuba sibuyiselwe; kanye nokunqamuka kwezinga eliphansi kupompo yokudlulisa, njengoba kuchaziwe ngethangi lamanzi okugcwalisa umbhoshongo wokupholisa.
Ukugcinwa kwe-makeup kukalwa nge-water balance ephindaphindwa isikhathi sokuphazamiseka esishiwo, futhi isici sesibili yisinqumo sokuthembeka okufanele siphikiswe kunokuba sibalwe. I-reserve enkulu kodwa engakwazi ukubuyiselwa ngezinga ivikela isitshalo isikhathi esincane kunalokho okushiwo izibalo, yingakho ukuhlolwa kokugcwalisa kuvame ukuba yisimo esilawulayo ngisho noma itanki ilinganiswe ngokukhululekile. Izinhlelo ezilandelayo ziyisibalo samathangi, umklamo wokuhlukanisa nokushintsha, isinqumo sokuthi itanki liphethe amanzi aluhlaza noma ahlanjululwe, kanye nohlelo lwensimbi ne-alamu olwenza umthamo ogciniwe usebenziseke lapho udingeka. Isethulo esiphethe i-balance, izimo zokuphazamiseka kanye nokuhlolwa kokugcwalisa ndawonye yiso esingabuyekezwa; esiphethe umthamo kuphela asikwazi, njengoba kuchaziwe ngokuningiliziwe ngetanki lamanzi e-makeup ye-cooling tower.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Okwethangi lamanzi okugcwalisa esakhiwo sokupholisa, thumela umthwalo wokupolisa wendawo endaweni yokuklama kanye nokwehla kwe-wet-bulb okusetshenziswe kubhalansi, ukugeleza okujikelezayo kanye nedatha ye-drift yomenzi wesakhiwo, imijikelezo eqondiwe yokugxila, i-chemistry yamanzi okuhlinzeka kanye nelungiselelo lokwelashwa, izimo zokuphazamiseka kanye nobude besikhathi okufanele kuhlanganiswe, idatha yepompo yokugcwalisa kanye namapayipi kanye nelungiselelo lamandla okulinda, indawo yonyawo etholakalayo, isisekelo sokuzamazama komhlaba nomoya kanye nobubanzi bokuhlinzeka obudingekayo. Sizobuyisela ibhalansi yamanzi esimweni esilawulayo, umthamo wokugcina kanye nezikhathi zokuphazamiseka nokululama ezishiwo, ukuhlolwa kokugcwalisa kabusha ngokumelene namapayipi, imitha, ipompo kanye nokugeleza kokwelashwa, isibalo segobolondo kanye nelungiselelo lokuhlukanisa kanye nokulandelana kokushintsha, ukukhethwa kwezinto ngokumelene ne-chemistry ethangini, kanye nohlu lwamathuluzi neziqwashazi.
Mayelana ne-Center Enamel
I-Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd (Center Enamel) ingumenzi ochwepheshe ozinikele ekuklameni nasekwakheni amathangi okugcina izinto aboshwe ngezibhawodi kusukela ngo-2008. Uhlu lwemikhiqizo luhlanganisa amathangi e-Glass-Fused-to-Steel (GFS), amathangi e-Fusion-Bonded Epoxy (FBE), amathangi ensimbi engagqwali, amathangi ensimbi e-galvanized kanye nophahla lwe-aluminium geodesic dome, kanye nokwesekwa kobuchwepheshe be-EPC kanye nezinsiza zamathangi. Ukukhiqizwa kwenzeka ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001, ISO 14001 kanye ne-ISO 45001, futhi uhlu lwemikhiqizo luqinisekisiwe nge-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, CE kanye ne-EN 1090, ISO 28765, AWWA D103-09 kanye ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo lufuna khona. Inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi e-enameling acishe abe ngu-200, isebenzisa isizinda sokukhiqiza esingama-150,000 m2, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi e-enamel-coated angama-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ithumele amathangi emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Ikhono lokuklama kobunjiniyela lihlanganisa umthamo wamathangi afinyelela ku-60,000 m3, njengoba kuchaziwe ngemininingwane yethangi lamanzi okugcwalisa umbhoshongo wokupholisa.
WhatsApp