Amathangi Amanzi aseCongo Okugcina Kamasipala kanye Nomsebenzi Wokugcina Umlilo
Kwadalwa ngo 01.19
Amathangi Amanzi aseCongo Okugcinwa Kukamasipala kanye Nomsebenzi Wokugcina Umlilo
Amathangi amanzi emisebenzi yaseCongo ngokuvamile athengwa ukuze agcine ukunikezwa kukamasipala, isitoreji somlilo noma kokubili ku-asethi eyodwa, futhi le misebenzi emibili ibeka amavolumu ahlukene. Endaweni eshisayo, enomswakama futhi evamise ukuba kude, isakhiwo esihlala isikhathi eside yileso esine-corrosion protection efakwe efektri kanye neqembu elifushane lokumisa, okukhomba ethangini lensimbi elihlanganisiwe eline-enamel yangaphakathi engasebenzi, noma ithangi le-hot-dip galvanized lamanzi ahlanzekile kanye nesevisi yomlilo. Izinto ezibalulekile zokuthenga iwindi lokulethwa ngesikhathi sechweba, isisekelo esiklanyelwe umhlabathi wendawo, kanye nomqondisi osesizeni ngesikhathi sokugcwaliswa kokuqala.
I-oda lethangi lamanzi amaningi esizeni saseCongo ayivamisile ukwehluleka kwezobunjiniyela. Ihluleka kukhalenda: isisekelo silinda umbiko wenhlabathi othathe izinyanga ezine, amaphaneli adlula emhlolweni ethekwini elingamakhilomitha angu-600, futhi iqembu lokuhlanganisa lifika ngaphambi kokuba i-ring beam yome. Ithangi ngokwalo liyimpahla eqondwa kahle, kodwa ukuhleleka kwezinto ezizungezile kunquma ukuthi isitshalo siba namanzi ngo-Okthoba noma ngo-Ephreli olandelayo. Okulandelayo ukuhlelwa okusebenzayo kwencazelo esinda kulolo hambo, okubhalelwe unjiniyela okufanele athethelele umklomelo kunomthengisi ofuna ukudayisa.
Ukukala Kokuhlinzeka Kukamasipala Nokugcinwa Umlilo
Imisebenzi emibili ayihlanganyeli umthamo ofanayo, futhi ukuyihlanganisa kuyindlela evamile yokweqa ezindlekweni eza nemali eningi. Isitoreji sikamasipala silinganiselwa emahoreni esidingo okufanele uhlelo lusebenze ngawo ngaphandle kokuthi amaphampu asebenze, okuthi emanzini edolobha ngokuvamile kube usuku noma ngaphezulu kokusetshenziswa okujwayelekile kanye nomkhawulo wokusebenza nokunakekela. Isigcinamgcoyi somlilo silinganiselwa endaweni evikelwe, ukuminyana kokufafaza okuklanyelwe kanye nesikhathi esidingekayo, kubalwe kubuyiselwa emuva kumthamo okufanele ithangi liwugcine ngesikhathi somcimbi. Esakhiweni esiphinde sibe nenethiwekhi yokufafaza noma yamaphampu omlilo, isigcinamgcoyi somlilo sivamise ukuba ngaso esikhulu, futhi ukuhlelwa okunengqondo ukulinganisa ithangi ngomsebenzi omkhulu kanye nokuhlinzeka ngoxhumo loMnyango Wezomlilo noma ilungiselelo lokukhipha amanzi elivikela ukunikezwa kwamanzi kamasipala ekuncishisweni ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa. Izimiso ze-NFPA zokulinganisa amaphampu okufafaza nawomlilo ziyireferensi okufanele ishiwo emgomeni wokwakha, njengoba iziphathimandla zendawo zivamise ukuzamukela.
Indlela Yokwakha Esimweni Sezulu Esishisayo Nesimanzi
Ukuvikelwa kokugqwala kufanele kube sekwekhwalithi yasefektri, ngoba izimo zendawo esifundeni azithetheleli. Umswakama ongapheli, umoya wasogwini onosawoti kanye nezikhathi ezinde zokuna kwemvula kuhlasela noma yikuphi ukunameka okusetshenziswe endaweni kunokuba kusetshenziswe ngaphakathi, futhi iqembu lokulungisa elibuyiselwa emuva ezinyangeni eziyishumi nesishiyagalombili liyizindleko ithenda yokuqala eyayingayifaki. Ithangi lensimbi elihlanganiswe ngamabhawodi nelinengilazi encibilikisiwe liyisinqumo esiqinile: ungqimba lwe-enamel olungu-0.25 kuya ku-0.45 mm luhlanganiswa nephethini ku-820 kuya ku-930 °C, lilinganiswa ngaphezu kuka-3,450 N/cm², alusebenzi ku-pH 1 kuya ku-14, futhi liqedwa nge-Ra engaphansi kuka-0.8 µm ukuze limelane ne-biofilm kukholamu yamanzi agciniwe. Iphethini ngayinye ihlolwa nge-spark ku-1500 V DC ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa, okuwumehluko phakathi kwe-lining ebhaliwe nokuqagela. Emanzini ahlanzekile okugcina umlilo lapho isabelomali sinquma khona, igobolondo le-hot-dip galvanized eliya ku-GB/T 13912-2020 linikeza ukuvikelwa kwe-zinc okuzidela ngezindleko eziphansi zokuqala, nomkhawulo ocacile wokuthi alifaneleki emanzini ane-asidi, ama-chloride aphezulu noma okusetshenziswa emphakathini.
I-Logistics, I-Freight kanye Newindi Lokulethwa
Amaphaneli athunyelwa kalula kakhulu kuneqokobhe elishiselwe, futhi lokho kushintsha umbuzo womzila. Ithangi elishiselwe lishiya embonini liyisilinda esisodwa esikhulu futhi lingase lenqatshwe esangweni noma lidinge ucwaningo lomzila nemvume yokulayisha; ithangi eliboshiwe lihamba njengamaphaneli ayisicaba noma afakwe ngaphakathi komunye, okuVamise ukulingana nomgwaqo kanye nokuphathwa kwembobo yomgwaqo etholakala ezweni. Qinisekisa ukuthi ukupakishwa kuboshwe ngensimbi ngokugoqwa okungangeni manzi kanye ne-desiccant futhi kuhambisane nezinombolo zokulandelana zamaphaneli, ngoba umphetho we-enamel oqhekekile ngesikhathi sokuhamba okunomswakama uba umsuka wokugqwala kamuva. Bese wakha isheduli ngokuhlehla: ukukhiqizwa nokuhlolwa kwamaphaneli, imvume yokuthumela ngaphandle, uhambo lwasolwandle nolwangaphakathi ezweni, imvume yembobo, ukuthuthwa kwangaphakathi ezweni kuya endaweni, ukuvuthwa kwesisekelo, ukuhlanganisa, ukuhlolwa, ukusebenza. Isinyathelo ngasinye kulezo kufanele sibe nosuku esivumelwaneni, ngoba inhlawulo kufanele ibe esikhathini sokukhiqiza somkhiqizi kunokuba ibe yindawo ebanzi.
Incazelo Yezobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Qaphela |
Izinga lokushisa lokuncibilikisa i-enamel | 820–930 °C | Ifekthri ehlanganiswe nephethini lensimbi |
Ukujiya kwe-enamel coating | 0.25–0.45 mm | Ingaphakathi elingenzi lutho, i-pH 1–14 |
Amandla esendlalelo se-enamel | ≥ 3,450 N/cm² | Ukumelana nokugoba nokushaywa |
I-voltage yokuhlola inhlansi | 1500 V DC | Iphaneli ngayinye, ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa |
Ukuqina kobuso | Ra < 0.8 µm | Ukukhula okuphansi kwe-biofilm emanzini agciniwe |
Izinga le-galvanizing | GB/T 13912-2020 | Ukucwiliswa okushisayo, amanzi ahlanzekile kanye nendawo yokugcina yomlilo |
Izinga lebhawudi | 8.8 | I-torque erekhodiwe ngesikhathi sokuhlanganisa |
Isikhathi sokuphila komklamo | ≥ iminyaka engu-30 | Ngesistimu yangaphakathi eshiwo |
Isisekelo, Izimo Zomhlaba kanye Nomkhuba Wesizinda
Ithangi kulesi sifunda lilingana kuphela nesisekelo salo, futhi inhlabathi ayivamisile ukufika nemidwebo. I-ring beam noma isisekelo sikakhonkolo olula esiklanyelwe umthwalo ogcwele woketshezi, isimo somoya kanye nokujula kwesithwathwa sendawo, uma isithwathwa sikhona, kufanele sibekwe ngaphambi kokuba iphaneli ibekwe. Ezindaweni ezinobumba olunwebekayo noma ukuguquguquka kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba ngezikhathi ezithile, umehluko wokuhla phansi phakathi kwezinhlangothi eziphikisanayo zethangi yindlela yokwehluleka evula i-flange futhi ivuze emseleni oboshiwe. Yenza umhlinzeki wethangi abuyekeze umbiko wenhlabathi futhi asho isimo somthwalo wesisekelo, futhi udinge ukuhlolwa kwe-ring beam ngaphambi kokuba indandatho yokuqala inyuke. Futhi cacisa i-anchorage, i-vent, i-overflow kanye ne-valve yokukhipha ngaphansi kwesimo esifanayo, ngoba ithangi elifika ngaphandle kwalezi zinto liba ukuthengwa okwehlukile nokubambezeleka okwehlukile.
Icala Lomklamo
Umklamo | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Amanzi okucisha umlilo e-galvanized | Congo | Ithangi lensimbi le-galvanized | 566 m³ | ukuhlinzeka + isiqondiso sokufaka |
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi anobubanzi obukhulu | Namibia | Ithangi le-GFS | 44,900 m³ | ukuhlinzeka + ukugadwa |
Amanzi agcinelwe ukucisha umlilo | Sichuan, China | Ithangi le-GFS, amayunithi ama-2 | 8,930 m³ | ukuhlinzeka + isiqondiso sokufaka |
Amandla Obunjiniyela be-Center Enamel
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isungule futhi yakha amathangi okugcina axhunywe ngamabhawudi kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ane-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe amandla okukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, FDA, LFGB, CE (EN 1090), ISO 28765, FM, BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi idizayini ibhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Ezingxenyeni zasezindaweni ezishisayo zangaphakathi nezisogwini lokhu kuhlanganisa i-enamel efakwe efektri kanye nezingaphakathi ezinikezwe i-galvanized ngenhla, ukupakisha kohambo olude olunomswakama, kanye nokubuyekezwa kwesisekelo nokugadwa kuze kufike ekugcwalisweni kokuqala.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Ingabe indawo yokugcina umlilo kanye nendawo yokugcina kamasipala kufanele kube yithangi elilodwa?
Impendulo 1: Imvamisa yebo mayelana nezindleko, kodwa umthamo kufanele ube mkhulu kunemisebenzi yomibili, ngohlelo lokukhipha elenza ukuthi umthombo kamasipala udonswe phansi kuphela ngemva kokuba indawo yokugcina umlilo isetshenzisiwe. Lapho kokubili kufanele kutholakale ngesikhathi esisodwa, amathangi amabili noma igumbi elihlukanisiwe liyilungiselelo eliphephile.
Umbuzo 2: Ingabe ithangi eliboshwe ngezibophelelo lifanele lesi simo sezulu?
A2: Yebo, futhi ukuvikelwa okusetshenziswa efektri yisizathu esiyinhloko. I-enamel ehlanganiswe ku-820 kuya ku-930 °C futhi ihlolwe nge-spark iphaneli ngayinye igwema umjikelezo wokulungisa indawo okungenakugwenywa ngenxa yomswakama, futhi igobolondo eline-gasket eliboshwe ngamabhawodi lihlola iphaneli ngephaneli.
Q3: Kunini lapho i-galvanized iyisinqumo esingcono?
A3: Yamanzi ahlanzekile kanye nomsebenzi wokugcina umlilo lapho isabelomali siyisithiyo futhi amanzi engaphuzeki. I-hot-dip galvanizing ku-GB/T 13912-2020 inikeza ukuvikelwa okuzinikelayo, kodwa ayifaneleki emanzini ane-asidi, ane-chloride ephezulu noma athintana namanzi aphuzwayo.
Q4: Amanani okugcina umlilo abalwa kanjani?
A4: Kusuka endaweni evikelwe, ukuminyana kwedizayini yokufafaza noma yepayipi kanye nesikhathi esidingekayo sesistimu efakiwe, kubuyiselwa emuva kumthamo otholakalayo ngesikhathi somcimbi. I-NFPA 22 ne-NFPA 20 yizinkomba ezijwayelekile okufanele zishiwo encazelweni.
Q5: Iyiphi ingozi enkulu kakhulu yohlelo lokusebenza?
A5: Ngokuvamile umgwaqo wangaphakathi nezwe kanye nokukhishwa echwebeni kunomboni, hhayi imboni. Phikelela ohlwini lokupakisha oluhambisana nezinombolo zokulandelana kwamaphaneli, umzila oqinisekisiwe ngaphambi kokukhiqizwa, kanye nosuku lwenkontileka esikhathini sokukhiqiza somkhiqizi.
Q6: Yikuphi ukugunyazwa okufanele kube nakho ukunikezwa?
A6: I-NSF/ANSI 61 ne-WRAS lapho amanzi ephuzwayo, i-FM lapho ithangi liyingxenye yesistimu yokuvikela umlilo, kanye ne-ISO 9001 yemboni. Qinisekisa ukuthi impahla ye-gasket iyahlanganiswa, hhayi kuphela ukufakwa kwangaphakathi.
Iphrojekthi yethangi lamanzi eCongo inqunywa izinto ezintathu: umthamo ohlukanisa umsebenzi kamasipala nendawo yokugcina yomlilo, igobolondo elivikelwe ekugqwaleni ngaphakathi, kanye nohlelo lokulethwa olunezinsuku ezixhunywe engxenyeni ngayinye. I-glass-fused-to-steel eboshiwe ibhekana kahle nomswakama kanye nesidingo sokuhlolwa; i-galvanized ibhekana nendawo yokugcina yomlilo yamanzi ahlanzekile ngesabelomali esincane. Kuzo zombili izimo thola ukuthi isisekelo sihlolwe ngokumelene nenhlabathi, futhi ugcine umqondisi esizeni phakathi nokugcwaliswa kokuqala.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Sithumele inhloso yethangi, isidingo sansuku zonke kanye namahora okuzimela adingekayo, umsebenzi wendawo yokugcina yomlilo nendawo evikelwe kanye nesikhathi, izixhumanisi zendawo kanye nedatha yomoya neqhwa, izimo zenhlabathi, itheku kanye nokufinyelela kwangaphakathi ezweni, kanye nosuku lokugcwaliswa kokuqala oludingekayo. Uzothola ukubalwa kosayizi, inketho yendlela yokwakha, uhlelo lokulethwa kanye nephakethe eliphelele lemidwebo kanye nesitifiketi.
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