Izixazululo Zokugcinwa Kwamanzi Emphakathini: Ungalikhetha Kanjani Ithangi Lamanzi
Kwadalwa ngo Ngokwamukisa
Izixazululo Zokugcina Amanzi Omphakathi: Ungakhetha Kanjani Ithangi Lamanzi
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi komphakathi ukuhlinzeka ngokuhlanganyela okukhonza umuzi, indawo yokuhlala noma isifunda, lapho ukuthembeka, ubulungiswa kanye nokusebenza kwendawo kubalulekile njengoba kunjalo ngezindleko zeyunithi. Ukukhetha kuyindlela yokusebenza: linganisa isidingo, dweba ukweqile, futhi khetha amathangi umphakathi ongawasebenzisa futhi awanakekele ngempela.
Incazelo Nendlela Yokwenza
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi komphakathi ukuhlinzeka ngokuhlanganyela okukhonza umuzi, indawo yokuhlala noma isifunda, lapho ukuthembeka, ubulungiswa kanye nokusebenza kwendawo kubalulekile njengoba kunjalo ngezindleko zeyunithi. Ukukhetha kuyindlela yokusebenza: linganisa isidingo, dweba ukweqile, futhi khetha amathangi umphakathi ongawasebenzisa futhi awanakekele ngempela.
Umehluko kusuka ethangini elilodwa lezimboni yilensi yesistimu — amathangi amaningi, ukudonsa okwabiwe, ukulingana kokufinyelela, kanye nokulungiswa nokunakekelwa ngabantu abangewona onjiniyela bamathangi.
Izinhlelo Zokusebenza Nokuthi Kungani Zibalulekile
Amaphrojekthi omphakathi avela njengokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi emadolobheni asemakhaya, ukusatshalaliswa emadolobheni amancane, izinhlelo zezikole/zemitholampilo kanye nezinhlelo zamanzi ze-NGO noma zikahulumeni. Ngokuvamile basebenzisa amapulazi amathangi amaningi ukusabalalisa ingozi nokuhambisana nesidingo sezigaba.
I-Kenya (8,560 m3 kumathangi amabili, 2022) ikhombisa ipulazi le-GFS eliboshwe ngamabhawodi esikalini somphakathi: amathangi amabili amakhulu abelana umthwalo esikhundleni somkhumbi owodwa omkhulu.
Uhlolojikelele Lwezincazelo Zobuchwepheshe
Inketho / Isici | Imininingwane | Ukusetshenziswa Okujwayelekile | Isitifiketi / Inothi | Amanothi |
Isigaba 1 | Isidingo esiyisisekelo + indawo yokugcina | 1-2 amathangi | Imodeli yesidingo | Khula kamuva |
Ukwengeza | Amathangi e-N+1 | Sabalalisa ingozi | Ukuthembeka | Gwema ukwehluleka okukodwa |
U-O&M | Umnakekeli wendawo | Ilogi elula | Qeqesha indawo | Ukusimama |
Uhlaka Lokukhetha
Kumphakathi / emakhaya / ukuhlinzekwa ngokuhlanganyela, khetha ngokulungisa umsebenzi kanye nezinga kuqala, bese uhlanganisa izinto zokwakha kanye nesitifiketi se-liner ekhemistri yamanzi nesimo sezulu, futhi ekugcineni uqinisekise umthamo, uphahla kanye nobubanzi bokuhlinzekwa. Ukwengeza, ukugcinwa nokuthuthwa endaweni kunquma owinile ongokoqobo ngaphezu kwezindleko zokuqala.
Sebenzisa uhlu lokuhlola olungezansi njengemininingwane yokufaka eyisisekelo yezixazululo zokugcina amanzi emphakathini; incazelo ephelele ibuye ibale ikhemistri yamanzi, isimo sezulu kanye nesiphathimandla esinegunya ukuze umhlinzeki abuyisele isiphakamiso esivikelekile nesingaqhathaniseka.
Ipharamitha | Okufanele kuchazwe |
Umsebenzi / ukusetshenziswa | Ukuhlinzeka komphakathi / kwasemakhaya / ngokuhlanganyela |
Ukusesha / ukugxila kobubanzi | izixazululo zokugcina amanzi emphakathini |
Abafundi abayinhloko | Abaholi bomphakathi, ama-NGO, izinhlelo zasemakhaya, umasipala |
Isitifiketi sokuxhumana | NSF/ANSI 61 / WRAS / LFGB (okuphuzwayo) njengoba kudingwa yimakethe |
Izinga lesakhiwo | ISO 28765 / AWWA D103 / EN 1090 |
Uphahla / isembozo | Idome le-aluminium / eliyisicaba / nge-enamel ngokomsebenzi |
Ububanzi bokuhlinzeka | Ithangi Kuphela noma Ithangi + Uphahla — chaza kubhidi |
Icala lomsebenzi (eliqinisekisiwe)
Inkomba yephrojekthi CE-PWT-KE-8560 — Ukugcinwa kwamanzi aphuzwayo eKenya, kuqedwe ngo-2022-01. Umkhiqizo: Ithangi le-GFS Eliboshiwe; uphahla: Uphahla Oluyisicaba lwe-Aluminium; inani lamathangi: 2; umthamo uwonke: 8560 m3; ubukhulu: 2 x (ububanzi 27.52 m x 7.2 m ukuphakama); ububanzi bokuhlinzeka: Ithangi + Uphahla.
Inkambu | Inani |
I-ID yephrojekthi | CE-PWT-KE-8560 |
Ukusetshenziswa | Amanzi Aphuzwayo |
Izwe | Kenya |
Umkhiqizo | Ithangi le-GFS Eliboshiwe |
Uhlobo Lophahla | Uphahla Oluyisicaba lwe-Aluminium |
Ukuqedwa | 2022-01 |
Inani Lamathangi | 2 |
Umthamo Uwonke (m3) | 8560 |
Ubukhulu | 2 x (ububanzi 27.52 m x 7.2 m ukuphakama) |
Ububanzi Bokuhlinzeka | Ithangi + Uphahla |
Inothi Ledatha | Umphakathi / ipulazi lamathangi amaningi. |
Le phrojekthi elethiwe ikhombisa ukuhlinzekwa kwangempela kwethangi lamanzi aphuzwayo ngomsebenzi, futhi yabelwe ngokukhethekile kulesi sihloko; ayisetshenziswanga njengobufakazi kwenye indawo kuleli qoqo.
Ukucatshangelwa Kobunjiniyela
Usayizi kusukela enanini labantu, isidingo somuntu ngamunye kanye nezici eziphezulu; dweba ngokweqile (amathangi e-N+1) ukuze ukwehluleka okukodwa noma umjikelezo wokuhlanza owodwa kungaphazamisi ukuhlinzekwa; hlela ukwanda okwezigaba ngamathangi amoduli aboshiwe.
Dweba i-O&M yomphakathi: imigwaqo ecacile yokungena, izinkomba ezilula zezinga, ukufinyelela okubiyelwe nokukhiyiwe, kanye nerekhodi lokulungisa umuntu ongeyena uchwepheshe angaligcina; gwema izingxenye eziyisipesheli umphakathi ongakwazi ukuzithola.
Izimo Ezivamile Zokudweba Izingcaciso
· Ukulinganisa ngosuku olujwayelekile esikhundleni sokuphezulu nokukhula — imiphakathi iyakhula futhi iphelele kakhulu; ukulinganisa ngaphansi kuphoqa ukulinganiswa.
· Ithangi elilodwa elikhulu esikhundleni sepulazi — ukwehluleka okukodwa noma ukuvalwa kokuhlanza kunciphisa ukunikezwa konke; ukubuyisela kubaluleke kakhulu emiphakathini.
· Ukushaya indiva amandla endawo e-O&M — ithangi umuzi ongakwazi ukulihlanza, ukulibiyela noma ukulibhala lizohluleka kungakhathalekile isicaciso.
Uhlu Lokuhlola Isicaciso
· Qinisekisa umsebenzi (Ukunikezwa komphakathi / kwasemakhaya / ngokuhlanganyela) kanye nezinga elilawulayo ngaphambi kokukhetha into noma i-liner.
· Hlola: usayizi osetshenziswa osukwini olujwayelekile esikhundleni senani eliphakeme nokukhula — imiphakathi iyakhula futhi ifinyelele esicongweni ngamandla; ukusebenzisa usayizi omncane kuphoqa ukulinganisela.
· Hlola: ithangi elilodwa elikhulu esikhundleni sepulazi lamathangi — ukwehluleka okukodwa noma ukuvalwa kokuhlanza kunciphisa ukunikezwa konke; ukuba nokunye okungezeka kubaluleke kakhulu emiphakathini.
· Hlola: ukunganaki amandla endawo okusebenza nokunakekela — ithangi umphakathi ongakwazi ukulihlanza, ukulibiyela noma ukulibhala lizohluleka kungakhathaliseki ukucaciswa kwalo.
· Gcina isisekelo sokuqalisa nokulandelela ukunakekelwa okuhleliwe.
Izindinganiso Nokuhambisana
Izinkomba ezifanele zihlanganisa i-AWWA D103 (amathangi ensimbi aboshiwe), i-ISO 28765 (ukuklanywa kwe-GFS), i-NSF/ANSI 61 ne-WRAS (ukuxhumana namanzi okuphuza), i-EN 1090 (ukusetshenziswa kwesakhiwo), i-NFPA ne-OSHA lapho kusebenza khona. Qinisekisa indinganiso ethile edingwa yimakethe yakho kanye nesiphathimandla.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Ulinganisa kanjani ithangi lamanzi lomphakathi?
Kusukela enanini labantu, isidingo somuntu ngamunye kanye nezici eziphezulu, kanye nesabelo sokukhula kanye neviki elibi kakhulu lokuhlinzeka; izinhlelo zomphakathi zidinga isikhala esithe xaxa kunalezo zezimboni.
Kungani kusetshenziswa amathangi amaningi omphakathi?
Ukwengeza nokukhula ngokwezigaba: amathangi e-N+1 agcina ukuhlinzeka ngesikhathi sokwehluleka noma ukuhlanza, futhi amapulazi aboshiwe ayakhula ngokwengeza amathangi njengoba isidingo sikhula.
Yini eyenza ithangi lifanele imiphakathi yasemakhaya?
Amaphaneli aboshiwe e-modular (athunyelwa futhi amiswe endaweni), izinkomba ezilula zezinga, ukufinyelela okubiyelwe/kukhiyiwe, ukuhlanza okulula kanye nerekhodi lokunakekela umuntu ongeyena uchwepheshe angaligcina.
Amathangi omphakathi anakekelwa kanjani?
Ukuhlolwa okuhleliwe kwangaphakathi/kwangaphandle, ukuhlanza ngemigudu yokungena, izikhala zomoya ezihlungiwe kanye nerekhodi eliyisisekelo; qeqesha umnakekeli wendawo esikhundleni sokuthembela ochwepheshe abakude.
Ingabe amathangi aboshiwe alungile emadolobhaneni?
Yebo — amaphaneli ahambisanayo afinyelela emadolobheni akude, amiswa neqembu elincane, futhi amapulazi amoduli ahambisana kangcono nesidingo somphakathi esigabagabeni kunethangi elilodwa elishiselwe.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kokukhethwa komphakathi nokukhethwa kwezimboni?
Ukukhethwa komphakathi kubeka isisindo ekuthembekeni, ukulingana, i-O&M yasendaweni kanye nokukhula okwezigaba; ukukhethwa kwezimboni kubeka isisindo emsebenzini, ukufaneleka kwenqubo kanye nezindleko zomjikelezo wokuphila.
Kubiza malini ukusebenzisa ithangi lomphakathi?
Ngokuyinhloko ukuhlola, ukuhlanza kanye nezingxenye ezincane; i-GFS eboshwe ngamabhawodi inokunakekelwa okuphansi kwe-coating, okufanele imiphakathi enezabelomali ezinganeli.
Ingabe amathangi omphakathi angandiswa kamuva?
Amapulazi aboshwe ngamabhawodi anda ngokwengeza amathangi noma amaringi; lesi yisizathu esiyinhloko esiwenza afanele imiphakathi ekhulayo kangcono kukakhonkolo ongaguquki.
Uxhasa kanjani amathangi amanzi omphakathi?
Ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo zikahulumeni, ama-NGO, amabhange entuthuko noma iminikelo yomphakathi; amapulazi aboshwe ngamabhawodi angaguquguquka avumela ukuxhaswa ngezikhathi ngokuhambisana nesidingo.
Yiluphi uqeqesho oludingwa umphakathi?
Umnakekeli wendawo oqeqeshiwe ekuhloleni amazinga, ekuhlanzeni okuyisisekelo ngama-manways nokugcina irekhodi elilula; lokhu kunquma impumelelo yesikhathi eside ngaphezu kwesipikili.
Yiluphi usayizi wethangi ofanele umuzi?
Kusukela enanini labantu, isidingo somuntu ngamunye kanye nokuphezulu; imiphakathi ivamise ukusebenzisa amapulazi anamathangi amaningi (isb., amathangi amabili anengqikithi engu-8,560 m3) ukuze kube nokulingana.
Okokuhlinzeka Komphakathi / kwasemakhaya / ngokuhlanganyela, impendulo efanele iqala emsebenzini, ekuqinisekisweni nasekukhethweni kwendawo — hhayi kukhathalogi. Uma ucacisa izixazululo zokugcina amanzi zomphakathi, Xoxa Ngomsebenzi Wakho nomsebenzi wakho, ivolumu, ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali amanzi kanye nendinganiso, futhi sizobuyisela isicaciso kanye nereferensi eqinisekisiwe.
Mayelana NeNkampani
I-Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd (Center Enamel) ingumenzi oqeqeshiwe ozinikele ekuklameni nasekwakheni amathangi okugcina anezikulufu kusukela ngo-2008.
Uhla lwemikhiqizo yethu luhlanganisa amathangi e-Glass-Fused-to-Steel (GFS), amathangi e-fusion-bonded epoxy, amathangi ensimbi engagqwali, amathangi ensimbi egilandi kanye nophahla lwedome le-aluminium geodesic.
Imikhiqizo iqinisekisiwe nge-ISO 9001, NSF/ANSI 61, EN 1090, ISO 28765, WRAS, FM, LFGB kanye ne-ISO 45001, futhi ubunjiniyela be-GFS bulandela i-AWWA D103, OSHA kanye ne-NFPA lapho kusebenza khona.
Amathangi anezikulufu e-Center Enamel athunyelwe emazweni angaphezu kwe-100.
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