Amathangi Okuhlanganisa: Ubunjiniyela Bokuxuba Okusheshayo Ekwelashweni Kwamanzi Namanzi Angcolile
Kwadalwa ngo 2025.04.18
Amathangi Okuhlanganisa: Ubunjiniyela Bokuxuba Okusheshayo Ekuhlanzweni Kwamanzi Nokwelashwa Kwendle
Ekuhlanzweni kwamanzi okuphuzwayo kamasipala, ekwelashweni kwendle yezimboni, nasekuhlanzeni kwangaphambi kokukhipha usawoti, ukususa izinhlayiya ezimisiwe, izinhlayiya ezincane, umbala wezinto eziphilayo, nokungafihleki kuyimfuneko eyisisekelo. Ngenkathi izinhlayiya ezincane ezimisiwe zithwala umthwalo kagesi ongemuhle obangela ukuba ziziphikise futhi zihlale zimisiwe unomphela, ukuhlala phansi ngokomzimba kuphela akusebenzi.
Ukunqoba lokhu, izindawo zokwelapha zisebenzisa ithangi lokuhlanganisa (elivame ukubizwa ngokuthi indawo yokuxuba esheshayo noma yokuxuba ngokuphazima) njengesinyathelo sokuqala esibalulekile ekulandeleni kokuhlanganisa-ukuhlanganisa-ukuhlala phansi.
Ithangi lokuhlanganisa (coagulation tank) umkhumbi okhethekile wezimboni lapho amakhemikhali okuhlanganisa (coagulants) exutshwa ngokushesha nangamandla emanzini angahluziwe noma emanzini angcolile. Lokhu kuxutshwa okunamandla kudiliza izinhlayiya ezimisiwe (colloidal suspensions), okwenza izinhlayiya ezincane zihlangane futhi zakhe izigaxa ezinkulu ezinqubweni ezilandelayo.
1. Izimiso Eziyisisekelo Zokusebenza Kwamathangi Okuhlanganisa
Izinqubo zomzimba namakhemikhali ezenzeka ngaphakathi kwethangi lokuhlanganisa ziklanyelwe ukushesha nokuxokozela okukhulu:
● Ukuxutshwa Okusheshayo Okunamandla: Ukuhlanganisa kuncike ekusakazweni okusheshayo nokunamandla. Izinsimbi ezijikelezayo ezinesivinini esikhulu, imishini yokuxuba (turbine mixers), noma izinto zokuxuba ezikhethekile ezilandelanayo (in-line static mixers) zisakaza amakhemikhali okuhlanganisa ngokufanayo kuwo wonke amanzi ngemizuzwana.
● Ukungathathi Mpendulo Kwezamakhemikhali: Ama-coagulant amakhemikhali—anjenge-aluminium sulfate (alum), ferric chloride, noma i-polyaluminum chloride (PAC)—ancibilika akhulule ama-ion ensimbi ane-positive charge. Lawa ma-ion athatha isenzo sokungathathi izinhlayiya ezine-negative charge ezizungezile (ukungcola, udaka, izinto eziphilayo, namagciwane).
● Ukwakheka Kwama-Micro-Flock: Uma ukungathathi kukagesi sekuthathiwe, amandla e-van der Waals adonsela ndawonye izinhlayiya ezingazinzile, akhe amaqoqo amancane kakhulu (ama-micro-flocs) alungele ukuhlanganiswa okwesibili.
● Izikhathi Ezimfushane Zokugcina: Ngenxa yokuthi inhloso enkulu ukusabela kwamakhemikhali ngokushesha kunokuhlala phansi, amathangi e-coagulation anezikhathi ezimfushane zokugcina amanzi, ngokuvamile zisuka kumasekhondi angu-10 kuye kwangu-60.
2. Ukuhlanganisa vs. Ukuhlanganisa izinhlayiya: Umehluko Oyinhloko Wokusebenza
Onjiniyela bavame ukuhlanganisa ukuhlanganisa nokuhlanganisa izinhlayiya ndawonye, kodwa kwenzeka ezakhiweni ezihlukene ezihlukene:
● Ithangi Lokuhlanganisa (Ukuxuba Okusheshayo): Libonakala ngeziyaluyalu ezinamandla, izinga eliphezulu lejubane (i-G-value engaphezu kuka-700 kuya ku-1000 ngomzuzwana), kanye nokujova kwamakhemikhali. Inhloso yalo ukusabalalisa ngokushesha nokunciphisa ukushaja kagesi.
● Ichibi Lokuhlanganisa (Ukuxuba Kancane): Lelichibi litholakala ngemuva nje, lisebenzisa ama-paddle agitator anesivinini esiphansi ukuze kukhuthazwe ukushayisana phakathi kwama-micro-flocs, kancane kancane akhe ama-flocs amakhulu, asindayo, futhi ahlala kalula phansi.
3. Izidingo Ezibalulekile Zobunjiniyela Zamachibi Okuhlanganisa
Ukuklama ithangi elinokwethenjelwa lokuhlanganisa kudinga ukubhekana nezinselele ezinzima zemishini namakhemikhali:
● Ukucindezeleka Okukhulu Kokushelela: Ukuxuba ngesivinini esikhulu kudala i-vortex turbulence eqhubekayo nokudlidliza kwesakhiwo, okudinga ukuqiniswa okuqinile kwezindonga zethangi.
● Ukuhambisana Okunamandla Namakhemikhali: Ama-coagulants amaningi ayisisekelo (anjenge-ferric chloride ne-aluminium sulfate egxilile) anamandla okugqwala futhi ane-asidi, edinga ukuvikelwa okuphezulu kwengaphakathi ukuze kuvinjelwe ukugqwala kwensimbi noma ukucekelwa phansi kukakhonkolo.
4. Kungani Amathangi E-Glass-Fused-to-Steel (GFS) Esebenza Kahle Kakhulu Ezinhlelweni Zokuhlanganisa
Ngenkathi imigodi yokuxuba esheshayo evamile yakhiwe ngokhonkolo othelelwe, izimboni zanamuhla nezindawo zikahulumeni ziya ngokuya zisebenzisa amathangi abhuntshisiwe e-Glass-Fused-to-Steel (GFS):
● Ukungathinti Okuhle Kwezamakhemikhali: Ungqimba lwe-fused glass enamel lumelana nama-coagulant ane-acid anamandla kuwo wonke amazinga e-pH (1 kuya ku-14), luqede ukugqwala kwamakhemikhali nokonakala kwesakhiwo.
● Ukusebenza Okubushelelezi Kodonga Olushelelayo: Ingaphezulu lengilazi elingena-migodi livimbela ukunqwabelana kwamakhemikhali, ukunqwabelana kwezinsalela, nokunamathela kwezinhlayiyana, kuqinisekisa ukugeleza kwamanzi okungaguquki.
● Ukufakwa Okusheshayo Kwezingxenye: Amathangi e-GFS ahlanganiswa endaweni yokwakha emasontweni ambalwa, kunciphisa kakhulu izikhathi zokuqalisa ukusebenza kwesikhungo uma kuqhathaniswa nokubekwa kakhonkolo nokulinda ukuqina.
Ithebula Lokuqhathanisa: Ubuchwepheshe Bamethangi Okokuhlanganisa Amakhemikhali
Upharamitha Wokuhlola | Amathangi E-Glass-Fused-to-Steel (GFS) | Izisekelo zikakhonkolo Ezithelwayo Endaweni | Amathangi Ensimbi Apendwe Ngokujwayelekile |
Ukumelana Namakhemikhali Ne-asidi | Kuhle kakhulu; ukuhlangana kwangaphakathi kwengilazi nensimbi okungenamsebenzi | Kuphakathi; kusengozini yokuhlaselwa ama-asidi okuhlanganisa amakhemikhali nokugqwala kakhonkolo | Kuphansi; izinto zokuvikela ziyagqabuka futhi zixebuke phansi kwamakhemikhali anamandla |
Isivinini Sokufaka | Ukufakwa okusheshayo ngezibhawudo (amasonto) | Kubambezeleka kakhulu; kudinga ukhonkolo, ukuthela, nokulinda ukuqina (izinyanga) | Kuphakathi; kudinga ukushisela okuningi endaweni nokuhlolwa |
Ukunakekelwa Kwangaphakathi | Kuncane; indawo yengilazi ebushelelezi imelana nokwakheka kwamandla namakhemikhali | Kuphezulu; kudinga ukulungiswa kwe-asidi njalo, ukuvala, nokulungiswa kwezinsimbi zangaphakathi | Kuphezulu; ukuhlanza ngesihlabathi ngezikhathi ezithile, ukuthinta, nokuqopha kabusha ukuvikela |
Isikhathi Sokuphila Sokuklanywa | Iminyaka engu-30 kuya kwengu-50+ | Iminyaka engu-20 kuya kwengu-40 | Iminyaka engu-10 kuya kwengu-20 |
Imibuzo Ejwayelekile (FAQ)
Umbuzo: Iyini injongo eyinhloko yethangi lokuhlanganisa (coagulation tank) ekwelapheni amanzi?
Impendulo: Ithangi lokuhlanganisa linikeza ukuxubana okusheshayo, okunamandla kakhulu (flash mixing) lapho amakhemikhali okuhlanganisa efakwa emanzini angahluziwe ukuze kuthuliswe amandla kagesi ezinhlayiyana ezimisiwe (colloidal particles), zilungiselele ukuthi zihlangane ndawonye futhi zihlale phansi.
Umbuzo: Yimaphi amakhemikhali avame ukufakwa endaweni yokuhlanganisa (coagulation basin)?
Impendulo: Amakhemikhali ajwayelekile okuhlanganisa afaka i-aluminium sulfate (alum), i-ferric chloride, i-ferric sulfate, kanye nama-polymer ahlukahlukene e-polyaluminum chloride (PAC), akhethwa ngokuya ngezinga lokushisa kwamanzi, i-pH, nokungafihli kwamanzi (turbidity).
Umbuzo: Uyini umehluko phakathi kwamathangi okuhlanganisa (coagulation) nokuhlanganisa izinhlayiyana (flocculation)?
Impendulo: Amathangi okuhlanganisa (coagulation) asebenzisa ukuxubana okunamandla, okusheshayo (flash mixing) ukuze kuthuliswe amandla kagesi amakhemikhali ngemizuzwana embalwa. Amathangi okuhlanganisa izinhlayiyana (flocculation) asebenzisa ukunyakazisa okuncane, okunomusa imizuzu engu-15 kuya kwengu-30 ukuze kuhlanganiswe izinhlayiyana ezithulisiwe zibe izinhlayiyana ezinkulu ezihlala phansi.
Q: Kungani amathangi e-GFS ekahle kakhulu ekuhlanganiseni amakhemikhali ezimbonini nasezitshalweni zokuhlanza amanzi?
A: Amathangi e-GFS anikeza ukumelana okukhethekile namakhemikhali agqwala okuhlanganisa, aqeda ukuqhekeka kukakhonkolo, anesimo sengilazi esingenazimbotshana esivimbela ukunqwabelana kwamakhemikhali, futhi angafakwa ngokushesha uma kuqhathaniswa nezisekelo zikakhonkolo ezithelwayo.
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