Iyini i-Coagulating Tank? Umsebenzi, Ukwakhiwa kanye Nokusetshenziswa
Kwadalwa ngo 2025.04.16
Iyini Ithangi Lokuhlanganisa? Umthetho Wokusebenza, Ukwakhiwa Nezicelo
Ithangi lokuhlanganisa (elibizwa nangokuthi ithangi lokuhlanganisa ngokushesha noma ithangi lokuxuba ngokushesha) liyisitsha esikhethekile sokusabela emanzini omphakathi nasezimbonini zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile. Umsebenzi walo omkhulu ukuxuba ngokushesha amakhemikhali e-coagulant—njenge-aluminium sulfate (alum) noma i-polyaluminum chloride (PAC)—emanzini angahluziwe ukuze kungazinzi izinhlayiya ezimisiwe ezi-colloidal.
Emanzini elingakabi, izinto ezincane eziphakanyisiwe, izinto eziphilayo, kanye namagciwane carrying a negative surface charge (measured as Zeta potential). Ngoba ama-charge afanayo ayawaphikisa, lezi zinto ezincane zihlala zikhona njalo futhi azivumi ukuhamba zodwa. Ithangi lokuhlanganisa lifaka ama-salt emetalic anama-charge aphakeme ngaphansi kokuxubha okukhulu, okusheshayo ukuze kuhlanganyelwe lezi zikhala, kuvumele lezi zinto ukuba ziqoqe ndawonye zibe "micro-flocs" ezincane.
Indlela Ithangi Lokuhlanganisa Elisebenza Ngayo: Ukuphendula Kwezinyathelo Ezine
Ukuhlanganiswa kuyisenzo se-chemical esheshayo esenzeka ezinyaweni. Ukuklama komzimba wethangi kusekelwe ekuxubeni okusheshayo (high shear) ukuze kuhlanganyelwe kahle umkhiqizo we-chemical coagulant ngaphambi kokuba uphuke emanzini.
1.Ukuhlanganyela Kwe-Chemical: Isikhathi: 0 - 5 imizuzwana.
Ama-coagulants (isb., Alum Al2(SO4)3, Ferric Chloride FeCl3, noma i-PAC) afakwa ngqo emanzini elingakabi emnyango wethangi noma ngqo ngenhla kwe-impeller esheshayo.
2.Ukuxubana Okusheshayo Kwe-High-Shear: Ukugcinwa: 30 - 60 imizuzwana.
Umxube wemishini osheshayo usebenza emazingeni aphezulu e-high shear, udala isiyaluyalu esinamandla nge-velocity gradient (G-value) esukela ku-700 s-1 kuya ku-1000 s-1.
3.Ukungathathi Hlangothi Kwezindleko: Isilinganiso semizuzwana.
I-ion zensimbi ezinomthwalo omuhle (Al3+ noma Fe3+) zicindezela ngokushesha ungqimba olumbili oluzungeze izinhlayiya ezinomthwalo omubi, zilethe umthwalo kagesi (i-Zeta potential) eduze kwe-zero.
4.Ukwakheka Kwe-Micro-Floc Nokuphuma: Ukukhishwa ngokushesha.
Izinhlayiya ezingathathi hlangothi ziyashayisana futhi zakhe ama-micro-flocs alingana nekhanda lesikhonkwane. Amanzi agcwele ngokushesha ageleze emgodini olandelayo wokuhlanganisa ukuze kuxutshwe kancane ngesivinini esiphansi.
Amathangi Okuhlanganisa (Coagulation) vs. Ukuxuba (Flocculation) vs. Ukuhlala (Sedimentation)
Ukucaciswa kwamanzi kuncike ezinhlakeni ezintathu ezihlukene ezingxenyeni zomsebenzi ezisebenza ngokulandelana. Ukuqina kokuxuba nezikhathi zokugcina kuhluke kakhulu phakathi kwazo:
Isici / Isilinganiso | Ithangi Lokuhlanganisa | Ithangi Lokuhlanganisa Izintambo | Ithangi Lokuhlaliswa / Lokucacisa |
Umgomo Oyinhloko | Thatha hlangothi izindleko zezinhlayiya | Khulisa ama-micro-flocs abe ama-macro-flocs anzima | Ukuhlukaniswa ngamandla adonsela phansi kwama-flocs emanzini ahlanzekile |
Isivinini Sokuxuba | Okusheshayo / I-High Shear (100 - 300 RPM) | Okuhamba kancane / I-Low Shear (10 - 30 RPM) | Okungashintshi / Okuthulile (Akukho ukuxuba) |
I-Velocity Gradient (G) | Phezulu (700 - 1000 s-1) | Phansi (20 - 70 s-1) | 0 s-1 |
Isikhathi Sokugcina | 30 kuya emizuzwaneni engu-60 | 15 kuya emaminithini angu-30 | 2 kuya emahoreni angu-4 |
Amakhemikhali Abalulekile | Ama-Coagulants (Alum, PAC, FeCl3) | Izinsiza zama-Coagulant / Ama-Polymer (PAM) | Izingubo zama-Flocculent sludge / Amapuleti okuhlalisa |
Izingxenye Ezibalulekile Zesakhiwo Nobunjiniyela
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusabalala kwamakhemikhali okufanayo futhi kuvinjwe ukugqwala okuvela kuma-acidic coagulants anolaka, ithangi le-coagulating elakhiwe kahle lihlanganisa:
1. Igobolondo Lethangi Elingagqwali: Lakhiwe nge-Glass-Fused-to-Steel (GFS), i-316 Stainless Steel, i-High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE), noma i-Carbon Steel efakwe imidwebo enzima ye-epoxy ukuze imelane nokudla kwamakhemikhali ane-asidi (pH 2 - 4).
2. I-Flash Agitator Enomsebenzi Ophakeme: Ama-impeller e-turbine axial noma radial asheshayo aklanyelwe ukuletha amandla aphezulu okufaka ngeyunithi yevolumu.
3. Ama-Anti-Vortex Baffles: Ama-baffle aqondile afakwe emaphethelweni angaphakathi ukuze avimbele ukuzungeza koketshezi, aguqule ukunyakaza okuzungezayo kube ukushaya komoya okufanayo okuqondile.
4. Ukulawulwa Kwe-pH Nokulinganisa Ngokuzenzakalelayo: Izinzwa ze-pH ezihlanganisiwe eku-inthanethi namaphampu okulinganisa ukuze kugcinwe amafasitela e-pH afanele (ngokuvamile i-pH 5.5 - 7.5 ekuphenduleni kwe-alum).
Izicelo Eziyinhloko Zezimboni
● Ukuhlanzwa Kwamanzi Omasipala: Kukhipha udaka olumisiwe, ubumba, ulwelwe olungaphezulu, nezinto ezingaphambi kokuhlunga.
● Amanzi Angcolile E-Dye Nokudaya: Kunciphisa izinhlayiya zikadayi ezincibilikile futhi kususe ukungafihli kombala onzima.
● Amanzi Angcolile Okudla Neziphuzo: Kukhipha amafutha amisiwe, uwoyela, amaprotheni, nezinto eziqinile eziphilayo.
● Ukususwa Kwe-Electroplating Nezinsimbi Ezisindayo: Kuguqula izinsimbi ezisindayo ezincibilikile zibe izinsalela ezingancibiliki ze-hydroxide.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa (FAQ)
Q1: Kungani ukuxuba okusheshayo "okucwayizayo" kudingekile ethangini lokuhlanganisa?
Impendulo: Ama-coagulant enza ukuchithwa kwamakhemikhali ngaphakathi kwengxenye yomzuzwana uma engezwa emanzini. Ukuxubana okunesivinini esikhulu (i-G-value engu-700-1000 s-1) kuqinisekisa ukuthi ikhemikhali isatshalaliswa ngokufanayo kuwo wonke umthamo wamanzi ngaphambi kokuba izinto ezimfushane zokuchithwa kwamakhemikhali zinyamalale.
Umbuzo 2: Kwenzekani uma amanzi angahluziwe ehlala isikhathi eside ethangini lokuhlanganisa ama-coagulant?
Impendulo: Ukuxubana ngokweqile noma izikhathi zokugcina ezinde kuphula ama-micro-floc amasha ngokusebenzisa ukushelela okunamandla kwamanzi. Amathangi okuhlanganisa ama-coagulant enziwa ngamabomu amancane ukuze kube nezikhathi ezimfushane zokuhlala (30-60 imizuzwana) ukuvimbela ukonakala ngenxa yokushelela.
Umbuzo 3: Iyiphi ibanga le-pH elifanele ethangini lokuhlanganisa ama-coagulant?
Impendulo: I-pH ekahle incike kumakhemikhali wokuhlanganisa asetshenzisiwe. I-Aluminium sulfate (alum) isebenza kahle kakhulu phakathi kwe-pH 5.5 no-7.5, i-polyaluminum chloride (PAC) isebenza ngempumelelo kububanzi obubanzi be-pH 5.0 kuya ku-9.0, kanti usawoti we-ferric usebenza kahle phakathi kwe-pH 4.5 no-11.0.
UMBUZO 4: Yiziphi izinto zokwakha zamathangi eziphatha kahle amakhemikhali wokuhlanganisa?
Impendulo: Ama-coagulant ane-asidi njenge-ferric chloride ne-alum ayagqwala ensimbi eluhlaza. I-Glass-Fused-to-Steel (GFS), i-316L Stainless Steel, i-FRP (Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic), kanye nensimbi efakwe i-epoxy yizinto ezikhethwayo ukuze kugwenywe ukugqwala isikhathi eside nokuqina kwesakhiwo.
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