Umenzi Wamathangi Amanzi Ensimbi WaseShayina Okusebenza Kamasipala Nezimboni
Kwadalwa ngo 01.26
Umkhiqizi Wamathangi Amanzi Ensimbi WaseChina Wokusebenza Kukamasipala Nezimboni
Amathangi amanzi ensimbi okusetshenziselwa umsebenzi kamasipala nowezimboni eza ngezindlela ezintathu ezisebenzayo: insimbi yekhabhoni eweldediwe, insimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi eboshiwe, kanye ne-galvanized ecwiliswe kushisa, kanye nensimbi engagqwali lapho i-chloride ibusa khona. Impendulo efanele incike okoketshezini, izimvume kanye nendawo, hhayi intengo nge-cubic metre ngayinye. Noma yikuphi okukhethiwe, ifayela lokuthenga kufanele lidinge amarekhodi okuhlolwa kwephaneli noma ipuleti, incazelo ye-coating ne-gasket kanye nemvume yayo yoketshezi, ukubalwa kwesisekelo ngokuhambisana nombiko wenhlabathi, kanye nomqondisi okhona ekuhlolweni kokugcina kwangaphakathi nasekugcwalisweni kokuqala.
Kufika ithenda lethangi lamanzi elinesilinganiso, indawo kanye nentengo, futhi imininingwane ivamise ukuba yisigaba esisodwa esikopishwe endaweni yokugcina. Lokho akwanele ukukhetha phakathi kwegobolondo elishiselwe, igobolondo lensimbi elihlanganiswe ngamabhawodi elineglasi elincibilikisiwe kanye neligcwele i-zinc, futhi lokho kukhetha ngokuthula kubophezela iminyaka eyishumi yokunakekela. Le ndatshana ibeka ukuthi unjiniyela kamasipala noma wezimboni kufanele abeke kanjani isicelo kumkhiqizi ongaphandle kwezwe: yini okufanele icaciswe, yimiphi imibhalo okufanele idingwe, nokuthi ukuhlolwa kokwamukela kufanele kuqukatheni ukuze impahla yedluliswe ngokuhlanzekile.
Izindlela Ezintathu Zokwakha Ithangi Lamanzi
I-welded, i-bolted kanye ne-galvanized ngayinye ixazulula inkinga ehlukile. Ithangi le-carbon steel eli-welded liyimpendulo evamile yensiza, kulula kakhulu ukuyifaka insulate, ukugcoba endaweni nokulungisa, futhi lifaneleka kakhulu ezindaweni ezinethimba elinamakhono okushisela kanye nesikhathi eside sokuvalwa. Ithangi le-bolted glass-fused-to-steel lifika ne-enamel ehlanganiswe efektri ku-820 kuya ku-930 °C, ungqimba luku-0.25 kuya ku-0.45 mm olukalwa ngaphezu kwe-3,450 N/cm², wonke amaphaneli ahlolwa nge-spark ku-1500 V DC, kanye nokuqedwa kwe-Ra engaphansi kwe-0.8 µm okuhlangabezana nezidingo zamanzi okuphuza kanye nokuxhumana nokudla; lakhiwa ngaphandle kokushisela endaweni, lihlolwa iphaneli ngephaneli, futhi lingakhuliswa kamuva. Ithangi le-hot-dip galvanized ngokwe-GB/T 13912-2020 liyisinqumo esingabizi kakhulu samanzi ahlanzekile, i-fire reserve kanye ne-dry bulk, lincike ekuvikelweni kwe-zinc sacrificial; alifaneleki emanzini ane-asidi noma ane-chloride ephezulu kanye nokuxhumana namanzi okuphuza ngenxa yokuhamba kwe-zinc.
Ukukhethwa Kwezinto Ngokoketshezi
Uketshezi lunquma ingaphakathi, futhi ingaphakathi linquma izimvume. Amanzi aphuzwayo adinga i-NSF/ANSI 61 kanye ne-WRAS ehlolwe ngokufakwa kwe-lining ne-gasket, kanye nendawo ebushelelezi engasebenzi ukugcina i-biofilm iphansi; i-FDA ne-LFGB ziyasebenza uma amanzi engena enqubweni yokudla noma yesiphuzo. Amanzi agcinelwe umlilo alinganiswa ngokwemigomo ye-NFPA yendawo evikelwe kanye nesikhathi, futhi kungase kudingeke isikhundla se-FM. Amanzi okupholisa kanye namanzi enqubo ane-chloride elinganiselayo ngokuvamile alungile ku-enamel noma i-epoxy. Amanzi ane-chloride ephezulu njengamanzi olwandle noma i-brine adinga i-316L, i-duplex, noma i-enamel, njengoba ukugqwala kwe-chloride kuyinto eyinhloko yokwehluleka. Indle yamanzi kanye ne-industrial effluent ene-sulfide idinga i-enamel. Ukushiya leli thebula ngaphandle kwencazelo yilapho izimboni zigcina zine-tank ephelele ngokwesakhiwo kodwa ingalungile ngamakhemikhali.
Amadokhumenti Okufuneka Uwafune Ngaphambi Kokunikeza Umsebenzi
Ifayela elivamile lenza ukuqhathanisa kube okulinganayo. Cela umbhidi ngamunye ukuhleleka okujwayelekile okunohlu lwama-nozzle, uhlelo lwamapuleti noma lwamaphaneli olunezinombolo zokulandelana, ukujiya kodonga ngesigaba kanye nokusebenza kahle kokuhlanganisa, isimo sokulayisha kwesisekelo kanye nemingcele yomhlabathi, umklamo we-anchor, incazelo yokumboza kanye nokulungiselela kwendawo, uhlelo lwama-gasket olusho into yokwenziwa, amarekhodi okushisela noma okuhlanganisa nokuhlola, ukubalwa komoya nokuzamazama komhlaba, kanye newaranti enesikhathi sokuhlola. Engeza isethi yezentengiselwano: ithemu yokulethwa, inhlawulo yokubambezeleka, ukuhlinzekwa kwezinto eziyisipele, amahora okugadwa kwendawo kanye nezindleko zokulungisa i-lining. Ababhidi ababuyisela ifayela ngokushesha bakhombisa ukuthi umsebenzi uzokuqhubeka kanjani.
Incazelo Yezobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Qaphela |
Izinga lokushisa lokuncibilika kwe-enamel | 820–930 °C | Ifekthri incibilikiswe epaneleni lensimbi |
Ubukhulu bokumboza nge-enamel | 0.25–0.45 mm | Ingaphakathi elingenasici, i-pH 1–14 |
Amandla ongqimba lwe-enamel | ≥ 3,450 N/cm² | Ukumelana nokugoba nokushaywa |
I-voltage yokuhlola inhlansi | 1500 V DC | Ngephaneli ngayinye, rekhoda exhunywe kunombolo ye-serial |
Ukungalingani kobuso | Ra < 0.8 µm | Ukuqedwa kokuthintana namanzi okuphuza nokudla |
Ubukhulu befilimu ye-FBE epoxy | 180–280 µm | Enye indlela yangaphakathi, AWWA C550 |
Izinga le-Galvanizing | GB/T 13912-2020 | Ukucwiliswa okushisayo, amanzi ahlanzekile kanye nempahla eyomile |
Impilo yokuklama | ≥ 30 iminyaka | Ngesistimu yangaphakathi ecacisiwe |
Iqiniso Lokulethwa, Ukuthutha Nokwakhiwa
Ukuhlinzekwa kwezinto zaphesheya kushintsha ingozi iyise ohlelweni lokuthumela nokwakha. Ithangi elidayisiwe lingathunyelwa njengesilinda esisodwa esikhulu esinobubanzi obukhulu, okuhlunga umzila futhi kungase kudingeke ukuhlolwa komzila noma imvume yokulayisha; ithangi eliboshiwe lithunyelwa njengamaphaneli ayisicaba noma afakwe ngaphakathi futhi ngokuvamile livula umzila, kodwa ukwakhiwa kuye kuncike esisekelweni esifinyelela amandla okuklama nasekubeni ugru yasebenza ngesikhathi esifanele. Qinisekisa ukuthi ukupakishwa kuhambisana nezinombolo zokulandelana futhi kuvikelwe emaphethelweni, ngoba umphetho we-enamel oqhephukile ngesikhathi sokuthutha uba umsuka wokugqwala. Hlela isikhathi ngokuhlehla kusukela ekugcwalisweni kokuqala okudingekayo: isisekelo, ukukhiqiza nokuhlola, ukuthumela, intela yempahla, ukuhlanganisa, ukuhlola, ukusebenza. Izijeziso zokubambezeleka kufanele zisho isikhathi sokukhiqiza somkhiqizi uqobo, hhayi ibanga.
Icala Lomsebenzi
Umsebenzi | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi anobubanzi obukhulu | Namibia | Ithangi le-GFS | 44,900 m³ | ukuhlinzeka + ukugadwa |
Amanzi agcinelwe umlilo | Sichuan, China | Ithangi le-GFS, amayunithi ama-2 | 8,930 m³ | ukuhlinzeka + isiqondiso sokufaka |
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi okuphuzwayo | Indonesia | Ithangi le-GFS | 21,099 m³ | ukuhlinzeka + ukugadwa |
Amandla Obunjiniyela Be-Center Enamel
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isungule futhi yakha amathangi okugcina axhunywe ngamabhawudi kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ane-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe amandla okukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, FDA, LFGB, CE (EN 1090), ISO 28765, FM, BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi idizayini ibhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Kumsebenzi wamanzi kamasipala nezimboni lokhu kuhlanganisa zonke izindlela ezintathu zokwakha ezingenhla, ingaphakathi elihambisana noketshezi, izimvume ezihambisana nokufakwa kwangaphakathi kanye ne-gasket, kanye nokuqondisa kuze kufike ekuhlolweni kokugcina kwangaphakathi nasekugcwalisweni kokuqala.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Iyiphi eshibhile, ithangi lamanzi elishiselwe noma eliboshiwe?
Impendulo 1: Ngevolumu efanayo izindleko zokuqala zingafana, kanti elishiselwe livame ukuba shibhile kuthangi elilula endaweni elula kanti eliboshiwe lingcono lapho ukushisela endaweni kungafuneki noma indlela incane. Umehluko omkhulu ufika ngonyaka weshumi, lapho iphaneli eliboshiwe lingashintshwa esikhundleni sohlelo lonke lokumboza.
Umbuzo 2: Ingabe ithangi eline-galvanized lingagcina amanzi aphuzwayo?
A2: Ngokuvamile cha, ngoba ukufuduka kwe-zinc emanzini okuphuza yinkinga kunamandla. I-Galvanized ku-GB/T 13912-2020 iyisinqumo esingabizi kakhulu sokugcina amanzi ahlanzekile, indawo yokugcina umlilo kanye ne-dry bulk, hhayi ukuthintana namanzi okuphuza.
Q3: Yiziphi izimvume ezihamba nethangi le-glass-fused-to-steel eliphuza amanzi?
A3: I-NSF/ANSI 61 ne-WRAS yokufaka kanye ne-gasket, i-ISO 9001 yefektri, i-FM lapho ithangi liphakela uhlelo lokuvikela umlilo, kanye ne-FDA noma i-LFGB lapho amanzi eya enqubweni yokudla. Cela imvume ibize i-gasket, hhayi nje ukufaka.
Q4: Ubani okufanele aklame isisekelo?
A4: Ngokufanelekile umhlinzeki wethangi, uma usuthumele umbiko wenhlabathi, ukujula kwesithwathwa kanye namazinga omoya neqhwa. Ukuhlala ngokungalingani yimbangela evame kakhulu yokuvuza kwe-flange ethangini eliboshiwe futhi inkinga yasensimini ebiza kakhulu ukulungisa.
Q5: Ukwamukelwa kokugcina kufanele kufake ini?
A5: Ukubuyekezwa kwamarekhodi okuhlolwa kwephaneli noma umthungo, irekhodi le-torque yamabhawodi e-flange, ukuhlolwa kwangaphakathi okugcwele ngokukhanyisa okufanele nokufinyelela, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwedivayisi yeleveli, ukuchichima, idreyini ne-vent, ukugcwaliswa kokuqala okwenziwa kancane, kanye nesethi yemidwebo yokwakhiwa kokugcina.
Q6: Ingabe ukukhula komthamo kungenzeka?
A6: Ethangini eliboshiwe yebo: amaringi engeziwe akhuphula ubude, noma ithangi elihambisanayo lengezwa ephedini elungisiwe. Ethangini elishiselwe kusho ithangi elisha esisekelweni esisha, ngakho indlela eboshiwe kufanele ibalwe uma ukwanda kungenzeka.
Ithangi lamanzi lensimbi liyimpahla eqondile lapho uketshezi, izimvume kanye nesisindo sendawo kubhalwa phansi ngaphambi kokuba uphenyo luthunyelwe. Izindlela ezintathu zokwakha zinesikhathi esicacile, futhi into yangaphakathi kufanele ilandele ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali amanzi hhayi isabelomali. Funa isethi yemibhalo efanayo kubo bonke ababhidi, gcina isikhathi sokulethwa kanye nobubanzi bokugadwa kucacile, futhi unikeze umklomelo ngefayela. Umphumela yithangi elidlula ukugcwaliswa kwalo kokuqala futhi lisadlula ukuhlolwa kwalo konyaka weshumi.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Sithumele uhlobo lwamanzi olune-chloride ne-pH, imikhawulo yomthamo nobubanzi, imfuneko yokugcina amanzi okuphuza noma omlilo, idatha yomoya weqhwa lendawo kanye nomhlabathi, indawo yokulethwa kanye nesheduli edingekayo. Uzothola ukuqhathaniswa kwendlela yokwakha, isincomo sangaphakathi, inketho yomthamo kanye nephakethe eliphelele lokudweba nokuqinisekisa.
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