Umenzi Wamathangi Okugaya Udaka E-China Inkonzo Yomsebenzi Wesitshalo Se-Biogas
Kwadalwa ngo 01.22
Umkhiqizi Wamathangi Okugaya Indle e-China Isevisi Yesikhungo Se-Biogas Umsebenzi
Ithangi lokugaya udaka luyi-mesophilic anaerobic reactor, ngokuvamile eligcinwa ku-35 kuya ku-38 °C ngesikhathi sokugcinwa kwezinsuku ezingama-20 kuya kwezingama-30, futhi isitsha sodwa ngeke sinikeze inani legesi. Umngcele ongangeni umoya, uhlelo lokuxuba, indlela yokushisa kanye nohlelo lokususa isulfure yikho okunquma umphumela. Ithangi lokugaya elenziwe ngengilazi elihlanganiswe nensimbi linikeza ingaphakathi elingasebenzi kulo lonke uhla lwe-pH 1 kuya ku-14 nendawo engaphezulu engaphansi kuka-0.8 µm, kuyilapho uphahla lwezimbrane ezimbili olusebenza ngaphakathi kwamakhilopascal ambalwa lugcina idigester ingangeni umoya ngaphandle kokuyenza ibe yisitsha sokucindezela. Thenga isitsha, uphahla, ukuxuba kanye nohlelo lwegesi njengomsebenzi owodwa ozobophezeleka.
Ukugaywa kwenkungu kudayiswa njengomkhumbi futhi kulethwa njengenqubo. Umkhumbi uyafika, amapayipi ayaxhunywa, i-biomass iyafakwa, futhi izinga legesi lingena ngaphansi komklamo. Bese kuba ukuxilongwa: ungqimba lwenkungu selwakhe uhwamvu, ukuxubana kunezindawo ezifile, i-pH yehle ngemuva kokweqisa kwamafutha, noma i-H₂S igqwale indandatho ephezulu kanye nomzila wegesi. Embilini eqhutshwa kahle akukho neyodwa yalezi ezenzekayo ngoba umkhumbi, uphahla, isixubanisi kanye nohlelo lwegesi kwacaciswa ndawonye ngokuhambisana nenkungu yangempela. Le ndatshana ibeka lokho umnjinjiniya wokuthenga okufanele akufune kumkhiqizi wethangi lokugaya, kusukela ezintweni zangaphakathi kuze kufike ekuhlolweni kokwamukela.
Izinombolo Zenqubo Ezimisa Umkhumbi
I-digestion ye-mesophilic ku-35 kuya ku-38 °C enesikhathi sokugcinwa kwezinsuku ezingama-20 kuya kwengama-30 iyindlela ejwayelekile yokusebenza. Lezo zinombolo ezimbili zichaza umthamo: phindaphinda isilinganiso sansuku zonke se-volatile solids engenayo ngesikhathi sokugcinwa esidingekayo ukuze uthole umthamo we-reactor, bese ufaka imajini ye-scum blanket ehlala yakheka. Ukukhiqizwa kwegesi okumele kulindelwe kusuka ku-sludge kamasipala cishe kungama-0.5 kuya ku-0.6 cubic metres we-biogas ngekhilogramu ye-volatile solids esusiwe, futhi lelo nani kufanele lisetshenziselwe ukukala umugqa wegesi, isigcini kanye nesikhishi sokushisa esikhundleni sokuphathwa njengenzuzo eyengeziwe. Ukushisa nokuxuba kufanele kukalwe ndawonye ngesikhathi esisodwa, ngoba ezingeni lokushisa le-mesophilic isidingo sokushisa sincike kumthamo wokudla kanye nezinga lokushisa, kuyilapho isidingo sokuxuba sincike ekutheni i-substrate ivame ukuntanta noma ukucwila.
Ingaphakathi Lomkhumbi Endaweni Enomoya We-Sulfide
Icala lokugqwala iyisikhala esingaphezulu, futhi yilapho uqweqwe lwe-enamel luzuza khona izindleko zalo. Ukugaywa kukhulula i-hydrogen sulfide evela ekuncishisweni kwe-sulfate kanye ne-ammonia njengoba i-pH ikhuphuka, futhi ukujiya esiyingini esiphezulu kwenza lelo bhendi libe nodlame olukhulu kakhulu kune-liquid eningi. Insimbi ye-carbon steel engenalutho iyancipha; izinto zokumboza ezisetshenzisiwe ziyaphuma ngezicucu futhi isicucu ngasinye siba umgodi omncane. Ithangi le-glass-fused-to-steel lihlanganisa ungqimba lwe-enamel olungu-0.25 kuya ku-0.45 mm ku-panel ku-820 kuya ku-930 °C, elilinganiswa ngaphezu kuka-3,450 N/cm², elingenasici phezu kwebanga le-pH 1 kuya ku-14, futhi liqedwa nge-Ra engaphansi kuka-0.8 µm ukuze ungqimba lwe-scum lukhululeke esikhundleni sokwakha uqweqwe odongeni. Wonke ama-panel ahlolwa nge-spark nge-1500 V DC ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa, futhi ku-digester lokho kubalulekile ngoba iringi ephezulu iyi-panel ongayifuni ukuyishintsha isebenza. Ingaphakathi le-fusion-bonded epoxy elingu-180 kuya ku-280 µm ngaphansi kwe-AWWA C550 iyindlela yesibili yemifudlana engesona esinodlame.
Umngcele Wegesi Nokukhethwa Kophahla
Ithangi lokugaya kufanele lingangenisi igesi futhi kufanele lihlale liyisitsha somfutho ophansi. Lokho kusho isembozo esibamba igesi ngaphakathi kwefasitela elincane lomfutho kunedome eliqinile elivaliwe elithwala umthwalo. Uphahla lwezimbrane ezimbili olunembrane yegesi yangaphakathi ebangeni elingu-2 kuya ku-3 kPa kanye nembrane yangaphandle yesimo sezulu ilungiselelo oluvamile lomsebenzi wokugaya; aluvumeli ukungena komoya, lushibhile kunophahla oluqinile, futhi luyakwazi ukubekezelela ukunyakaza kobukhulu umkhumbi obona lapho izinga lishintsha. Uphahla lwedome eliqinile le-aluminium luyindlela ehlukile futhi luhlolwa ngokumelene ne-AWWA D108 ne-API 650, kanti iqhwa nomoya wendawo kuthathwa ngaphansi kwe-ADM 2015 ne-ASCE 7-10. Noma ngayiphi indlela, i-valve yokukhipha umfutho, isicishamlilo kanye nomgudu wokuphuma kwegesi kungaphansi komkhawulo ofanayo nethangi, futhi umngcele womfutho uhlala ebangeni le-kilopascal kunokuba ube ngumkhawulo wesitsha somfutho wekhodi.
Ukuxuba, I-Scum kanye Nenkinga Yendawo Efile
Ukuxuba into esemqoka kakhulu esitsheni sokugaya futhi okuvame ukungacaciswa kahle. Ukuxuba ngegesi kushibhile futhi kunikeza ukulingana okuhle kwezinga lokushisa lapho i-substrate ifana; ukuxuba ngomshini nge-draft tube noma i-impeller engaphakathi esitsheni kuyadingeka lapho kwakheka khona ungqimba lwe-scum. Kuzo zombili lezi zimo, indawo efile iba yindawo lapho izinto eziqinile zihlala khona, igwebu lakheke futhi umthamo osebenzayo unciphe ngokuthule, yingakho ukusabalala kokuxuba kufanele kubhekwe ngokuhambisana nokuma kwesitsha hhayi ukuchazwa njengokujikeleza okujwayelekile. Gcina amandla okwephula i-scum ngendlela yokuxuba noma nge-mechanical breaker, futhi linganisa izindawo zokuqoqa igesi ukuze zingavalwa ikepisi elintantayo.
Incazelo Yezobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Qaphela |
Izinga lokushisa le-mesophilic | 35–38 °C | Ibanga lokugaya elijwayelekile |
Isikhathi sokugcina | izinsuku ezingama-20–30 | Kuncike ekulayisheni kwezinto eziqinile |
Umkhiqizo we-biogas | cishe 0.5–0.6 m³/kg VS esusiwe | Indle ejwayelekile kamasipala |
Iwindi lengcindezi yophahla lwe-membrane | ±3–5 kPa | Umngcele wegesi enengcindezi ephansi |
Ingcindezi evamile yemembrane yangaphakathi | 2–3 kPa | Isibambi semembrane ezimbili |
Ubukhulu bokumboza kwe-enamel | 0.25–0.45 mm | Inert, pH 1–14 |
Izinga lokushisa lokuncibilika koqweqwe | 820–930 °C | Ukuncibilika kwephaneli yangaphakathi |
Isikhathi sokuphila komklamo | ≥ 30 iminyaka | Ngesistimu yangaphakathi ecacisiwe |
Uhlu Lokuthenga Lwethangi Lokugaya
Buza umkhiqizi ukuthi asho umkhakha ophelele we-anaerobic azibophezela kuwo: umkhumbi, uphahla kanye nomngcele wegesi, ukuxuba, ukushisa, ukuqoqwa kwegesi, ukususwa kwesulfure kanye nokuqaliswa kwengxenye ye-anaerobic. Funa isincomo sangaphakathi mayelana nezinga le-pH elilinganisiwe kanye nezinga le-sulfide, kanye nezimvume ezilandelayo. Funa irekhodi lesithando kanye nerekhodi lokuhlolwa kwenhlansi ngephaneli ngayinye kwe-oda lakho. Qinisekisa ukuthi ubani obala isisekelo somkhumbi okungafanele uhlale ngokungalingani, ngoba i-digester etshekile yephula ukuqoqwa kwegesi futhi yonakalisa ukufakwa kophahla. Funa uhlelo lokuqaliswa, ngoba inyanga yokuqala yokusebenza ibeka inani le-biomass kanye nokuziphatha kokuhlala kwesitshalo sonke. Futhi qinisekisa ukuhlinzekwa kwephaneli eliyisipele kanye ne-gasket, okushibhe kakhulu manje kunangemva kokuqalisa.
Icala Lomsebenzi
Iphrojekthi | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Isigaba sokwelashwa kwe-anaerobic | I-Hebei, e-China | I-GFS digester, isigaba se-anaerobic EPC | ngokwedizayini yenqubo | ukuhlinzekwa nokufakwa kwesigaba se-anaerobic |
Uhlelo lwamanzi angcolile ezimbonini | I-Xinjiang, e-China | Ithangi le-GFS, amayunithi angu-27 | 30,469 m³ | ukuhlinzeka + ukugadwa |
Isitoreji samanzi angcolile okupheka utshwala | I-Sichuan, e-China | Ithangi le-GFS | 14,655 m³ | ukuhlinzeka + ukugadwa |
Ikhono Lobunjiniyela Le-Center Enamel
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isikhathi eside kusukela ngo-2008 yakha futhi yaklama amathangi okugcina axhunywe ngezibophezelo. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ehlanganiswe ne-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile imisebenzi efakiwe engaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe amandla okukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kuqhutshwa ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, FDA, LFGB, CE (EN 1090), ISO 28765, FM, BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukwakhiwa kubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Ekugayeni indle, lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlanganiswa kophahla lwe-membrane ezimbili kanye nomngcele wegesi yengcindezi ephansi ngenhla, ingaphakathi le-enamel elilinganiselwe i-H₂S ne-ammonia headspace, kanye nosayizi womkhumbi olandela izibalo zokugcinwa nokukhiqizwa kwegesi.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Ingabe ithangi lokugaya liyisitsha sengcindezi?
Impendulo 1: Cha. Yithangi elingcindezi ephansi elinomngcele wegesi ogcinwa yi-membrane eguquguqukayo noma i-valve yokukhulula ngaphakathi kwamakhilopascal ambalwa. Ayiklanyelwe noma ayisetshenziswa njengesitsha sengcindezi, futhi iwindi lengcindezi yophahla kufanele lihlale kulelo banga.
Umbuzo 2: Yiluphi uphahla olungcono kwi-digester yendle?
A2: Uphahla lwemembrane ezimbili ngokuvamile lufaneleka kangcono ekugayeni ngoba aluvumeli ukungena komoya, lukwazi ukubekezelela ukunyakaza kwezinga futhi lushibhele, kuyilapho idome le-aluminium eliqinile ngaphansi kwe-AWWA D108 ne-API 650 ene-ADM 2015 ne-ASCE 7-10 loading likhethwa lapho kudingeka khona ukuma okungaguquki.
Q3: Ingabe ingaphakathi le-enamel nalo lidinga ukususwa kwesulfure?
A3: Cha. I-enamel imelana ne-H₂S ngaphakathi ethangini, kodwa igesi ephuma ethangini isaqhubeka nokuthwala i-sulfide ezogqwala amabhoyila, izinjini kanye namapayipi. Ukufakwa kwe-iron chloride noma umbhede wokususa isulfure owomile kufanele kube sesitimeleni segesi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ingaphakathi linjani.
Q4: Ingabe ungqimba lwenhlaka luphathwa kanjani?
A4: Ngokuxuba okuhlanganisa wonke umthamo, ukujikeleza kweshubhu lokudonsa noma isihlukanisi senhlaka esingumshini, kanye nezindawo zokuqoqa igesi ezingabekwanga ukuze zingavalwa yiqweqwe elintantayo.
Umbuzo 5: Yisiphi isikhathi sokugcina okufanele sisetshenziswe kwi-digester yodaka lukamasipala?
Impendulo 5: Izinsuku ezingamashumi amabili kuya kwamashumi amathathu ezingeni lokushisa le-mesophilic yisikhathi esijwayelekile sokuhlela, sincishiswa lapho umthwalo wezinto eziqinile kanye ne-substrate kukusekela, futhi inani kufanele liqinisekiswe ngokuhlolwa kwe-bench noma kwe-pilot odakeni lwakho.
Umbuzo 6: Ingabe i-digester ingengezwa embonini ekhona?
Impendulo 6: Yebo. I-digester yesibili ehambisanayo endaweni elungiselelwe iyindlela ejwayelekile yokwandisa futhi igwema ukukhipha i-reactor yokuqala emsebenzini, okuvame ukuba yisithiyo esikuhlelweni kwephrojekthi.
Ithangi lokugaya udaka likhipha igesi lapho isitsha, uphahla olungangenisi igesi, ukuxuba kanye nohlelo lwegesi kwaklanywa ngokwezinombolo zeprosesi ezifanayo. Ukusebenza kwe-mesophilic ku-35 kuya ku-38 °C nokugcinwa kwezinsuku ezingama-20 kuya kwengama-30 kunquma umthamo, uphahla olunamafilimu amabili lunquma umngcele wengcindezi ephansi, kanti ingaphakathi le-enamel elihlanganisiwe linquma indawo yokuvikela ukugqwala endaweni ene-H₂S. Faka isici sokuhlukanisa i-substrate, umkhiqizo wegesi odingekayo kanye namazinga omoya neqhwa endaweni embuzweni, futhi ufune ukuthi umhlinzeki azibophezele kububanzi obuphelele be-anaerobic hhayi ethangini.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Sithumele uhlobo lwe-sludge kanye ne-solids loading, ivolumu yansuku zonke kanye ne-volatile solids fraction, umphumela wegesi ohlosiwe, izinga le-pH elilinganisiwe kanye ne-sulfide, ukutholakala kokushisa, i-footprint kanye namazinga omoya neqhwa esizeni. Uzothola ukukhetha kwe-digester, isincomo sophahla, ukubalwa kokugcinwa kanye nevolumu kanye nephakethe eliphelele lomdwebo kanye nesitifiketi.
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