Uhlu Lokuhlola Lomenzi Wethangi Lensimbi Elakhiwe Ngaphambili Eshayina Ngaphambi Kokuphakwa
Kwadalwa ngo 02.07
Uhlu Lokuhlola LwaseChina Lomkhiqizi Wamathangi Ensimbi Akhiwe Ngaphambili Ngaphambi Komklomelo
Ithangi lensimbi elakhiwe ngaphambili lilingana kuphela nemidwebo yasefekthri kanye namarekhodi amaphaneli angemuva kwalo. Ngaphambi kokunikeza umkhiqizi waseShayina, funa ukugunyazwa komdwebo wasefekthri ngokuhambisana nomthwalo wakho, irekhodi lokuhlanganiswa kwephaneli ngalinye kanye nokuhlolwa kwenhlansi ye-1500 V DC, ishidi ledatha lokumboza kanye ne-gasket kanye nokugunyazwa kwalo koketshezi, ukubalwa kwesisekelo okuhambisana nombiko wenhlabathi, ukupakishwa kwemikhumbi yasolwandle okugcina amaphaneli omile, kanye nomqondisi wokukhiqiza okhona ekuhlolweni kokugcina kwangaphakathi nasekugcwaliseni kokuqala. Lezi zinto eziyisithupha ziguqula ukuqhathaniswa kwentengo kube yiphakethe lobunjiniyela eliqinisekisekayo.
Isilinganiso sokuqala sethangi elakhiwe ngaphambili sifika ngokushesha futhi sibonakala siphelele: umthamo, ububanzi, ukujiya kodonga, intengo kanye nosuku lokulethwa. Umjikelezo wesibili yilapho umsebenzi wangempela uqala khona, ngoba imibuzo enquma umphumela ayibonakali emdwebeni. Yimaphi amaphaneli afakwe ijazi futhi ahlolwa efektri hhayi endaweni, iyiphi i-gasket ekhethiwe oketshezi, ubani ohlole isisekelo ngokumelene nomhlabathi, nokuthi ingabe amaphaneli azosinda ohambweni lwasolwandle lwezinsuku ezingamashumi amane emgodini womkhumbi. Unjiniyela wokuthenga obuza leyo mibuzo ngaphambi kokunikezwa kwesivumelwano uzoba nonyaka ohamba kahle kunalowo oyithola ngesikhathi sokwakha.
Okushintshwa Ngempela Ukwakhiwa Ngaphambili
Ukufaka umsebenzi esitolo kushintsha izindlela zokwehluleka futhi kushintsha lapho zibonakala khona. Ithangi elishiselwe lakhiwa ngamapuleti ngamapuleti ensimini noma esitolo, futhi ukumbozwa kwalo kusetshenziswa egobolondweni eliqediwe, ngakho ikhwalithi yokumboza incike ezimweni zosuku futhi wonke umshini wokushisela wasensimini uba yinto yokulungisa. Ithangi elakhiwe ngamabhawodi elihlanganisiwe lifika njengamapaneli ayeseke ahlanganiswa noma abozwa futhi ahlolwa ngaphakathi, athunyelwa ecaba, futhi ahlanganiswa ngamafleji anamagaskethi namabhawodi ezinga lika-8.8. Izinzuzo ziwukwakhiwa okufushane, akukho kushisela kwensimu egobolondweni, ukumboza okulawulwa yifekthri, negobolondo lapho noma yiliphi ipaneli elilodwa lingashintshwa khona eminyakeni ezayo. Ingozi entsha iwukuthi lezo zinzuzo manje zincike esigwegweni sefekthri esikhundleni sesigwegwe sasensimini, ngakho udinga ubufakazi hhayi isethembiso.
Iphakethe Lemidwebo Yasestudiyo Okufanele Lidzingwe
Funa isethi ephelele yemidwebo njengento ekhishwayo yesivumelwano, hhayi njengomusa. Kufanele ifake ukuhlelwa okujwayelekile kanye nohlu lwama-nozzle, uhlelo lwamaphaneli olunezinombolo zokulandelana, ithebula lobukhulu bogqinsi lwamakhosi kanye nokusebenza kahle kokuhlanganisa, ipulani yesisekelo kanye nokuhlelwa kwama-anchor, ukubalwa komoya nokuzamazama komhlaba kobubanzi nokuphakama kwangempela, isitatimende sophahla uma kufakwe idome noma isembozo esintantayo, incazelo yokumboza kwangaphakathi nangaphandle kanye nezinga lokulungiselela indawo, kanye nohlelo lwama-gasket olusho into yokwenziwa kwe-flange ngayinye. Vumela isethi ngaphambi kokuba amaphaneli asikwe, ngoba ukushintsha i-nozzle ngemva kokukhiqizwa kweqoqo lokuqala kubiza ngaphezu kwethangi. Bese ufuna amarekhodi okugunyazwa kwemidwebo yaseshopu abuyiselwe kanye nokuthunyelwa ukuze ube negunya lokuqhathanisa nawo.
Amarekhodi Okuhlolwa Kwasefekthri Nezimvume
Izimangalo zekhwalithi ziba amaqiniso kuphela lapho zihlanganiswa nezinombolo zokulandelana. Etabhini yengilazi ehlanganiswe nensimbi, cela irejista yesithando esibonisa izinga lokushisa lokuhlanganisa esikhungweni esingu-820 kuya ku-930 °C eqoqweni ngalinye, kanye nerekhodi lokuhlolwa kwe-spark ye-1500 V DC yephaneli ngayinye. Ungqimba lwe-enamel kufanele lube ngu-0.25 kuya ku-0.45 mm futhi lukalwe ngaphezu kwe-3,450 N/cm², ngokuqedwa kwe-Ra engaphansi kwe-0.8 µm, kodwa lezo zinombolo zinesizathu kuphela uma zinerekhodi lokuhlolwa. Okwangaphakathi kwe-epoxy ehlanganiswe nokushisa, dinga ukujiya kwefilimu ebangeni elingu-180 kuya ku-280 µm kanye nobufakazi bokuqina obuse-AWWA C550. Bese udinga izimvume ezihlanganiswa nezingxenye ezithinta uketshezi lwakho: i-NSF/ANSI 61 ne-WRAS yokufaka okuphuzwayo ne-gasket, i-FDA ne-LFGB yokuthintana nokudla, i-FM yamanzi okugcina umlilo, i-CE (EN 1090) ne-ISO 28765 yokuvumelana kwesakhiwo nokulawulwa kokukhiqizwa kwefektri, ngaphansi kwezinhlelo zokuphatha ze-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001.
Ukuthutha, Ukupakisha Nokuphathwa Endaweni
Amaphaneli ashibhile ukuwalahla kodwa abiza kakhulu ukuwafaka esikhundleni phakathi nomsebenzi. Phikelela ekuboshweni ngensimbi enohlu lwempahla olubhaliwe oluhambisana nezinombolo zokulandelana zamaphaneli, ukusonga okungangeni manzi okune-desiccant, kanye nokuvikelwa emaphethelweni ngoba umphetho we-enamel oqhephukile uba yisiqalo sokugqwala eminyakeni ezayo. Qinisekisa indlela yokuthumela nokuthi umthwalo uhamba njenge-break bulk noma kusikhwama, ngoba ububanzi obungena esikhwameni bushintsha isu lobubanzi bephaneli. Hlola ukuthi indawo yokubeka phansi esizeni ingakwazi ukuthwala umthwalo ogcwele ngaphandle kokubeka amaphaneli ngqo enhlabathini, nokuthi indlela yokwehlisa iyalingana nobubanzi besango. Umenzi oke wathumela le geometry ngaphambili uzokubuza le mibuzo; lowo ongakaze ayenze ngeke.
Incazelo Yezobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Qaphela |
Izinga lokushisa lokuncibilikisa i-enamel | 820–930 °C | Ifekthri ehlanganiswe nephethini yensimbi |
Ukujiya kwe-enamel coating | 0.25–0.45 mm | Ingaphakathi elingenasici kulo lonke i-pH 1–14 |
Amandla ongqimba lwe-enamel | ≥ 3,450 N/cm² | Ukumelana nokugoba nokushaywa |
I-voltage yokuhlola i-spark | 1500 V DC | Iphaneli ngayinye, irekhodi elihambisana nenombolo yokulandelana |
Ukuqina kobuso | Ra < 0.8 µm | Ukuqedwa kokudla namanzi okuphuzwayo |
Ukujiya kwefilimu ye-FBE epoxy | 180–280 µm | Enye indlela yangaphakathi, AWWA C550 |
Izinga lamabhawudi | 8.8 | I-torque erekhodiwe ngesikhathi sokuhlanganisa |
Impilo yokuklama | ≥ 30 iminyaka | Ngesistimu yangaphakathi ecacisiwe |
Ukuqhuba Ukuqhathanisa Umklomelo
Yakha iphepha lokuklama amaphuzu ngaphambi kokuba kufike amabhidi futhi udinge ifomethi efanayo kubo bonke ababhidi. Yabela isisindo ekupheleleni kwemidwebo yesitolo ngamaphesenti angama-20, amarekhodi okuhlolwa kwasefektri ngamaphesenti angama-25, izimvume ezihambisana noketshezi ngamaphesenti angama-15, ukubalwa kwesisekelo nokwakheka ngamaphesenti angama-20, ububanzi bokugadwa nokufakwa emsebenzini ngamaphesenti angama-10, kanye nenani ngamaphesenti angama-10. Bese uhlola imigomo yezentengiselwano ngokulinganayo: umgomo wokulethwa, inhlawulo yokubambezeleka, ubude besiqinisekiso nokuthi asikufaki ini, ukuhlinzekwa kwephaneli eliyisipele ne-gasket, kanye nezindleko zokulungisa ensimini uma i-lining ilimele endleleni. Inombolo ephansi kakhulu ekhasini ayivamisile ukuba yizindleko eziphelele eziphansi kakhulu uma sekubalwa ukuthutha, ukugadwa kanye nezingxenye eziyisipele.
Icala Lephrojekthi
Iphrojekthi | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi anobubanzi obukhulu | INamibia | Ithangi le-GFS | 44,900 m³ | ukuhlinzeka + ukugada |
Amanzi agcinelwe ukucisha umlilo | ISichuan, eChina | Ithangi le-GFS, amayunithi ama-2 | 8,930 m³ | ukuhlinzeka + isiqondiso sokufaka |
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi okuphuzwayo | IMalaysia | Ithangi le-GFS | 20,380 m³ | ukuhlinzeka + ukugada |
Ikhono Lobunjiniyela Le-Center Enamel
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isungule futhi yakha amathangi okugcina axhunywe ngamabhawudi kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ane-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe amandla okukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, FDA, LFGB, CE (EN 1090), ISO 28765, FM, BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi idizayini ibhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Kumphakelo owenziwe ngaphambili lokhu kuhlanganisa iphakethe eliphelele lemidwebo namarekhodi okuhlola elingenhla, ukupakishwa kwempahla yasolwandle okuhambisana nezinombolo zokulandelana zamaphaneli, kanye nomphathi wasefekthri osesizeni kuze kube sekuhlolweni kwe-torque, ukuhlolwa kwangaphakathi kokugcina kanye nokugcwaliswa kokuqala.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Yimiphi imidwebo okufanele igunyazwe ngaphambi kokuba ukukhiqizwa kuqale?
Impendulo 1: Uhlelo olujwayelekile olunohlu lwama-nozzle, uhlelo lwamaphaneli, ukujiya kodonga ngezinga ngalinye, uhlelo lwesisekelo kanye nama-ankile, isitatimende sophahla, ukucaciswa kwe-coating kanye nohlelo lwama-gasket. Gunyaza isethi ngaphambi kokuba amaphaneli okuqala asikwe.
Umbuzo 2: Ngingayiqinisekisa kanjani izinga le-coating yasefekthri ngisemazweni aphesheya?
A2: Ngokusebenzisa irekhodi lesithando kanye nerekhodi lokuhlolwa kwenhlansi ye-1500 V DC yephaneli ngayinye ehambisana nezinombolo zokulandelana, ngokufiseleka kube nofakazi wangaphandle ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa. Lokho kuguqula isimangalo sibe yidokhumenti ongayihlola kamuva.
Q3: Ubani obhekene nesisekelo?
A3: Kufanele kucace esivumelwaneni. Thumela umbiko wenhlabathi, ukujula kwesithwathwa, amanani omoya neqhwa kanye namandla adingekayo; umhlinzeki obala isisekelo ususa umthombo ovame kakhulu wokungahambisani kwe-flange nokubambezeleka.
Q4: Yikuphi ukupakisha okudingekayo ukuthutha olwandle?
A4: Ukubopha ngensimbi, ukusonga okungangeni manzi nge-desiccant, ukuvikela emaphethelweni kanye nohlu lokupakisha oluhambisana nezinombolo zokulandelana zamaphaneli. Umkhawulo we-enamel oqhephukile ngesikhathi sokuthutha uba umsuka wokugqwala, ngakho ukuvikela emaphethelweni akusikho okokuhlobisa.
Umbuzo 5: Ingabe ithangi eliboshwe ngamabhawudi liqinile njengelishiswe ngomshini wokushisela?
Impendulo 5: Ekugcineni emfuthweni womoya noma engcindezelweni ephansi, yebo, uma igobolondo lakhiwe ukumelana nesimo se-hydrostatic nomoya kanye namajoyinti enziwe ngamabhawudi ezinga 8.8 nama-gasket. Akusona isitsha sokucindezela, futhi uma umsebenzi wakho udinga umngcele wangempela wokucindezela lokho kungumbandela ohlukile.
Umbuzo 6: Yiziphi izingxenye eziyisipele okufanele ziodolwe kanye nethangi?
Impendulo 6: Isethi ephelele yama-gasket ngempahla evunyiwe, isethi yamabhawudi, kanye nepane elilodwa eliyisipele elihambisana nobukhulu bodonga kanye ne-coating. Lezi zinto zibiza kancane ngesikhathi sokioda futhi ziguqula ukulungiswa kwesikhathi esizayo kube umsebenzi wangesonto elifanayo.
Ukuthenga ithangi lensimbi elakhiwe ngaphambili lisuka kwelinye izwe kuwumsebenzi wamadokhumenti. Imidwebo yasekhaya, amarekhodi okuhlolwa kwephaneli ngalinye, izimvume zokumboza kanye nezigaskethi, ukubalwa kwesisekelo, uhlelo lokupakisha kanye nobubanzi bokugadwa konke kufanele kube sesivumelwaneni ngaphambi kokuba kusikwe icwecwe lokuqala. Hlola ifayela hhayi isiphakamiso, funa isethi efanayo yamadokhumenti kubo bonke ababhidi, futhi isinqumo somklomelo silandela ubunjiniyela hhayi ikhasi lentengo.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Sithumele uketshezi olune-pH kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-chloride, imikhawulo yomthamo nobubanzi, idatha yesizinda yomoya iqhwa isithwathwa nomhlabathi, izimvume ezidingekayo, indawo yokuthumela kanye nohlelo lwephrojekthi. Uzothola uhlu lwephakethe lomdwebo, isincomo sangaphakathi, isikhathi sokukhiqiza nokulethwa kanye nefayela eligcwele lesitifiketi ukuze lihlolwe.
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