Umkhiqizi waseShayina we-Digester ye-Biogas Uhlelo Lwephahla kanye Nokuhlanganiswa Kwenqubo
Kwadalwa ngo 01.15
Umkhiqizi Wombhobho We-Biogas Wase-China Uhlelo Lwephahla kanye Nokuhlanganiswa Kwenqubo
I-digester ye-biogas iyi-mesophilic anaerobic reactor evamise ukusebenza ku-35 kuya ku-38 °C nokugcinwa kwe-hydraulic retention yezinsuku ezingama-20 kuya kwezingama-30, futhi isitsha siyingxenye yomkhawulo kuphela. Umngcele ongenawo umoya, uhlobo lwophahla, isistimu yokuxuba kanye ne-desulfurization train kunquma ukuthi isitshalo sibamba ukukhiqizwa kwegesi noma simane sibambe uketshezi. Ama-digester e-glass-fused-to-steel anikeza ingaphakathi elingasebenzi kulo lonke ibanga le-pH 1 kuya ku-14 nge-Ra engaphansi kwe-0.8 µm finish, futhi uphahla lwama-membrane amabili olusebenza ngengcindezi yeleveli ye-kilopascal lugcina i-digester ivaleleke ngaphandle kokuyiguqula ibe yisitsha sengcindezi.
I-digester ye-anaerobic ibukeka njengethangi emdwebeni futhi iziphatha njengenqubo. Izitshalo ziqala umkhumbi, zikhanyise isishisi, bese zichitha unyaka olandelayo zizibuza ukuthi kungani ukukhiqizwa kwegesi kuhlala ngaphansi kwenombolo yokuklama: ungqimba lwe-scum lukhulu kunalokho obekulindelekile, i-pH yehla ngemuva kokuphazamiseka komthwalo, i-H₂S idla ibhoyila, noma uphahla luyaphefumula esikhundleni lokubamba. Cishe kuzo zonke lezo zimo umkhumbi wawungeyona inkinga, noma uma wawuyiyo, kwakukhethwe ingaphakathi elingalungile legesi eyakheka ngaphezu koketshezi. Ukukhetha umhlinzeki we-digester ye-biogas kusho ukwahlulela umkhumbi, uphahla, ukuxuba kanye ne-gas train njengephakethe elilodwa lobunjiniyela, okuyilokho le ndatshana ehlose ukukwenza kuhlolwe.
Ukugaywa Kwe-Mesophilic kanye Nalokho Okudingayo Emkhunjini
Ukufakwa okuningi kusebenza nge-mesophilic ku-35 kuya ku-38 °C, futhi lelo nani elilodwa liqondisa ukwakhiwa kwethangi. Kulelo banga izinga lebhayoloji lizwela ekushintshashintsheni kwezinga lokushisa, ngakho-ke ukunikezwa kokushisa, ukufaka insulate kanye nohlelo lokuxuba kufanele kulinganiswe ndawonye kunokuba kushiyele umthengisi wenqubo. Ukugcinwa kwe-hydraulic kwezinsuku ezingama-20 kuya kwezingama-30 kuyisiqalo esivamile se-sludge kamasipala kanye ne-sludge yemboni yokudla, kanti isikhathi esifushane sokugcina singenzeka lapho ukulayishwa kwezinto eziqinile kanye nokwelashwa kusekela lokho. Ngakho-ke umkhumbi kufanele uthathe ukuxuba okuthambile okuqhubekayo, okokufaka ukushisa kungaba nge-exchanger yokushisa yangaphandle noma nge-loop yokujikeleza, kanye nomgudu wegesi ongayiboni i-slug yamanzi. Ngokomsebenzi, lokho kusho ithangi eline-mixer yangaphakathi kwethangi noma ye-draft-tube ebekwe ukuze igcine wonke umthamo unyakaza, kanye nomgudu wokujikeleza ongagxumi kusuka endaweni yokungena kuya endaweni yokuphuma.
Impahla Yomkhumbi kanye Nendawo Yokugqwala
Igagasi legesi elingaphezu kwe-digestate liyingxenye ehlaselayo, futhi lingaphezu koketshezi hhayi ngaphakathi kulo. I-hydrogen sulfide ikhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokuncishiswa kwe-sulfate, i-ammonia inyuka njengoba i-pH ikhuphuka, futhi ndawonye zihlasela i-carbon steel emgqeni wamanzi nasezindongeni ezingaphezulu lapho kwakheka khona ukujiya. Ngenxa yokuthi ingaphakathi kufanele futhi lihlanjululwe futhi akufanele lakhe i-biofilm edla isikhathi sokugcina, i-digester ye-glass-fused-to-steel iyincazelo evamile: ungqimba lwe-enamel olungu-0.25 kuya ku-0.45 mm luxutshwa kuphela ku-820 kuya ku-930 °C, lukalwa ngaphezu kuka-3,450 N/cm², alunzi kuwo wonke amazinga e-pH 1 kuya ku-14, futhi luqedwa nge-Ra engaphansi kuka-0.8 µm ukuze i-scum ikhululeke esikhundleni sokuzinamathisela odongeni. Wonke amaphaneli ahlolwa nge-spark nge-1500 V DC ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa, okubalulekile lapha ngoba umgodi omncane endongeni ephezulu ukuqala kokuvuza okunzima ukufinyelela kamuva.
Izinhlobo Zophahla kanye Nomngcele Wengcindezi
I-digester ye-biogas iyisitsha esinomfutho ophansi, futhi ukwenza sengathi akunjalo kudala izindleko nengozi. Umngcele ofanele yisembozo esingavumeli umoya ukuba uphume, esivumela umfutho ukuba uguquguquke phakathi kwamakhilopaskali ambalwa, ngokuvamile ugcinwa ngaphakathi kwewindi elingu-±3 kuya ku-±5 kPa nge-valve yokukhipha umfutho kanye nesethi yokuvimba umlilo. Uphahla lwama-membrane amabili noma lwendwangu yengilazi, olunomembrane wangaphandle wokuvikela isimo sezulu kanye nomembrane wangaphakathi wegesi okulinganiselwa ku-2 kuya ku-3 kPa, lunikeza isivalo esingavumeli ukungena komoya ngezindleko eziphansi kunophahla oluqinile futhi luyisinqumo esivamile emsebenzini wokugaya. Uphahla lwedome ye-aluminium eqinile lubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D108 kanye ne-API 650 kanti umoya kanye neqhwa lendawo kuthathwa ngaphansi kwe-ADM 2015 kanye ne-ASCE 7-10, futhi lufanele izitshalo ezifuna ukwakheka okungaguquki. Kunoma yikuphi, indawo yokuphuma kwegesi, idivayisi yokukhipha umfutho, isivimbi somlilo kanye nendawo yokuthatha isampula kufanele kube yingxenye yomsebenzi ofanayo nesitsha, kungenjalo isitshalo siphetha ngedamu kanye nophahla oluhlukile olungahlanganisiwe.
Ukukhiqizwa Kwegesi, i-H₂S kanye Nesitimela Esingezansi
Dizayina i-gas train ngokuhambisana nokwakheka okulindelekile, hhayi nge-methane emsulwa. I-sludge yasemadolobheni evamile ikhiqiza cishe u-0.5 kuya ku-0.6 m³ we-biogas ngekhilogramu yezinto eziqinile eziguquguqukayo ezikhishiwe, kanye nezinga le-methane kulolo hla; i-feedstock yemboni yokudla ingakhiqiza okuningi ngetoni ngayinye ye-influent kodwa ithambekele kakhulu ekuphazamisekeni. Noma ngabe iyiphi i-yield, i-H₂S kufanele isuswe ngaphambi kokuba igesi ifike ku-boiler, ku-engine noma ku-grid, ngoba i-sulfide igqwala imishini elandela emuva nakuba ingaphakathi lethangi ngokwalo livikelwe. Ukufaka i-iron chloride noma i-dry-bed desulfurization yizindlela ezivamile. Ukuxuba kungenye indlela yokulawula: ukuxuba ngegesi kushibhile futhi kuyasebenza kuma-substrate afanayo, kuyilapho ukuxuba ngomshini kudingeka lapho kwakheka khona ungqimba lwe-scum, futhi kuzo zombili lezi zimo indawo efile iba yisigqoko se-sludge esintantayo esivimba ukuqoqwa kwegesi.
Incazelo Yezobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Qaphela |
Izinga lokushisa le-mesophilic | 35–38 °C | Ibanga lokusebenza elijwayelekile |
Isikhathi sokugcinwa kwamanzi | izinsuku ezingama-20–30 | Kufushane ngokulayisha okuphezulu kwezinto eziqinile |
Isivuno se-Biogas | cishe u-0.5–0.6 m³/kg VS esusiwe | I-sludge yasekhaya evamile |
Ibanga lengcindezi yophahla lwe-Membrane | ±3–5 kPa | Umngcele wegesi yengcindezi ephansi |
Ingcindezi yesilinganiso sangaphakathi kolwelwesi | 2–3 kPa | Isigcini segesi esinamalwelwesi amabili |
Izinga lokushisa lokuhlangana kwe-enamel | 820–930 °C | Ukuhlangana kwephaneli yangaphakathi |
Ubukhulu bokumboza kwe-enamel | 0.25–0.45 mm | Alunzi lutho ku-pH 1–14 |
Isikhathi sokuphila komklamo | ≥ 30 iminyaka | Ngesistimu yangaphakathi ecacisiwe |
Okufanele ukubuza umkhiqizi ngaphambi kokuthi unikeze isivumelwano
Funa umhlinzeki achaze ukuthi uletha umkhumbi kuphela noma uhla oluphelele lwe-anaerobic: ukushisa, ukuxuba, ukuqoqwa kwegesi, uphahla, ukususa isulfure kanye ne-EPC yengxenye ye-anaerobic. Buza ukuthi yiluphi uphahla aluphakamisayo esizeni sakho nokuthi kungani, futhi uthole ukukhululwa kwengcindezi kanye nosayizi we-flame arrestor ngokubhaliwe. Cela isincomo sangaphakathi mayelana nezinga lakho le-pH elilinganisiwe kanye nezinga le-sulfide, kanye nezimvume ezilandelayo. Buza ukuthi ubani ohlola isisekelo somkhumbi okungafanele uhlale ngokungalingani, ngoba i-digester etshekile yephula ukuqoqwa kwegesi futhi yonakalise ukusinda kophahla. Futhi cela uhlelo lokusebenza, ngoba inyanga yokuqala ye-digester inquma ijika layo lokuhlala kanye nenani layo le-biomass.
Icala Lomklamo
Umklamo | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Isigaba sokwelashwa kwe-anaerobic | I-Hebei, e-China | I-GFS digester, isigaba se-anaerobic EPC | ngokwedizayini yenqubo | ukuhlinzeka nokufaka isigaba se-anaerobic |
Uhlelo lwamanzi angcolile ezimbonini | I-Xinjiang, e-China | Ithangi le-GFS, amayunithi angama-27 | 30,469 m³ | ukuhlinzeka + ukugada |
Isitoreji samanzi angcolile okupheka utshwala | I-Sichuan, e-China | Ithangi le-GFS | 14,655 m³ | ukuhlinzeka + ukugada |
Ikhono Lobunjiniyela Lokufaka I-Enamel Esikhungweni
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isike yakha futhi yaklama amathangi okugcina axhunywe ngezibophezelo kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel (GFS) e-China, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ehlanganiswe ne-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile imisebenzi efakiwe engaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe amandla okukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kuqhutshwa ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, FDA, LFGB, CE (EN 1090), ISO 28765, FM, BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukwakhiwa kubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Emsebenzini wokugaya i-anaerobic lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlanganiswa kophahla lwe-membrane olungavumeli igesi kanye nokuhlolwa komngcele wengcindezi ephansi okuchazwe ngenhla, kanye nengaphakathi le-enamel elimelana nomoya we-H₂S ne-ammonia endaweni ephezulu ye-digester.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Ingabe i-digester iyisitsha sengcindezi?
Impendulo 1: Cha. I-digester ye-biogas isebenza emkhathini noma eduze nomkhathi wengcindezi, kanti umngcele wegesi ugcinwa yi-membrane eguquguqukayo noma i-valve yokukhipha ingcindezi phakathi kwamakhilopascal ambalwa. Isitsha sokugcina esinezingcindezi ephansi, hhayi isitsha sengcindezi, futhi akufanele sichazwe njengaso.
Umbuzo 2: Kungani ukhetha ukusebenza kwe-mesophilic kunokwe-thermophilic?
A2: Ukusebenza kwe-mesophilic ku-35 kuya ku-38 °C kuqinile ekumelaneni nokuguquguquka kwemithwalo futhi kudinga amandla okushisa amancane, yingakho izitshalo eziningi zikamasipala nezemboni yokudla zisebenza ngayo. Ukusebenza kwe-thermophilic kunikeza i-kinetics esheshayo kanye nesikhathi sokugcina esifushane kodwa kuzwela kakhulu futhi kuyabiza ukugcina.
Q3: Uphahla lwe-biogas lugcinwa kanjani ukuthi lungavuzi gesi?
A3: Ngokufakwa kolwelwesi olubili noma indwangu yengilazi enolwelwesi lwangaphakathi lwegesi olungu-2 kuya ku-3 kPa kanye nolwelwesi lwangaphandle lwesimo sezulu, kanye ne-valve yokukhipha ingcindezi kanye ne-flame arrestor egcina umngcele ngaphakathi kwe-window engu-±3 kuya ku-±5 kPa.
Q4: Ingabe ingaphakathi le-enamel libhekana ne-hydrogen sulfide?
A4: Yebo, ungqimba lwe-enamel alunzi lutho ku-pH 1 kuya ku-14 futhi yilona olukhethwayo ngaphakathi kokugaya okune-sulfide. Lokho kuvikelwa kusebenza ngaphakathi kwethangi kuphela; uhlelo lwegesi lusadinga ukususwa kwesulfure ukuze kuvikelwe ama-boiler, izinjini kanye namapayipi.
Q5: Yisiphi isikhathi sokugcina okufanele ngisiklamele?
A5: Izinsuku ezingamashumi amabili kuya kwamashumi amathathu yisikhathi esijwayelekile sokuqala se-mesophilic sodaka lukamasipala, isikhathi esifushane singenzeka uma umthwalo wezinto eziqinile uphezulu noma emfucumfucwini yemboni yokudla elashwa kalula. Isibalo kufanele sivela ekuhlolweni kwe-bench noma kwe-pilot esisebenzisa i-substrate yakho.
Q6: Ingabe isitshalo singandiswa kamuva?
A6: Yebo. Ama-digester aboshiwe angengezwa njengemikhumbi ehambisanayo esigxotsheni esifanayo esilungisiwe, okugwema ukukhipha i-reactor ekhona ku-inthanethi futhi kusabalalise imali esetshenzisiwe.
I-digester ye-biogas iphumelela lapho isitsha, uphahla olungavumeli igesi ukuba iphume, ukuxubana kanye nohlelo lokususa isulfure kwaklanywa ndawonye ngokuhambisana ne-substrate yangempela. Ukusebenza kwe-mesophilic ku-35 kuya ku-38 °C nokugcinwa kwezinsuku ezingama-20 kuya kwengama-30 kunquma umthamo, uphahla olunezendlalelo ezimbili lunquma umkhawulo wengcindezi ephansi, kanti ingaphakathi le-enamel elincibilikisiwe linquma izinga lokuvikela ukugqwala endaweni ene-H₂S. Buyekeza ukwakheka kwegesi, isikhathi sokugcinwa esidingekayo kanye namazinga omoya neqhwa endaweni ngaphambi kwethenda, futhi ufune ukuthi umhlinzeki azibophezele emkhakheni ophelele we-anaerobic hhayi ethangini lodwa.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Sithumelele i-substrate kanye ne-COD noma isisindo saso, umthamo wansuku zonke kanye nephesenti lezinto eziqinile, umphumela obhekiselwe kuwo we-biogas, izinga le-pH elilinganisiwe kanye nezinga le-sulfide, indawo etholakalayo kanye namazinga omoya neqhwa esizeni. Uzothola ukukhetha kwe-digester, isincomo sohlobo lophahla, ukubalwa kokugcinwa kanye nephakethe eliphelele lomdwebo kanye nesitifiketi.
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