Ithangi Lokugcina Ukushisa Kwamanzi Apholile: Amanzi Apholile, Iqhwa, kanye Noshintsho Lwesigaba Kuqhathaniswa
Kwadalwa ngo Ngokwamukisa
Chilled Water Thermal Storage Tank: Chilled Water, Ice, and Phase Change Compared
Ezingxenyeni eziningi zezikhungo zedatha ithangi lokugcina ukushisa lamanzi abandayo liyisinqumo esifanele. Amanzi avamile agcina cishe u-6-8 kWh nge-cubic metre ngaphakathi kwefasitela elingu-5-7 K, awadingi ukushintsha kwesigaba futhi abiza kancane ngaphezu komkhumbi ngokwawo; iqhwa ligcina izikhathi eziningi ngaphezulu nge-cubic metre kodwa kufanele lenziwe ngamandla omshini bese lincibilika, kuyilapho i-PCM iphakamisa ukuminyana ngokuqhubekayo futhi isadinga ikhoyili noma ijakethi ukuyishaja. Indawo inqunywa indawo yaphansi, ubude befasitela eliphakeme kanye nesabelomali se-COP esivunyelwe isikhungo, hhayi ngokuminyana kwamandla okuyisihloko. Ithangi lokugcina ukushisa lamanzi abandayo ligcina amandla okupholisa njengamanzi abandayo hhayi njengeqhwa noma into yokushintsha kwesigaba, okugcina ukwakheka kwe-hydraulic kwesikhungo kungashintshiwe kanye negobolondo lingaphansi kwengcindezi yomoya.
Umbuzo wokugcina empeleni umbuzo wendawo yaphansi ogqoke ingubo yamandla. Amahholo amabili anomthwalo ofanayo wokupholisa angafinyelela umphumela ofanayo wokushintsha isiqongo ngezindonga ezihlukene, ngoba into engaphakathi isetha ukuthi zingaki amamitha ayikhyubhu adingekayo, isikhathi esingakanani i-chiller isebenza ukuze izigcwalise nokuthi isitshalo siziphatha kanjani ekuseni lapho ithangi lingakalungi.
Izinto ezintathu zithwala iningi lesisekelo esifakiwe ezindaweni ezibalulekile: amanzi abandayo agcinwe ngendlela ebonakalayo, iqhwa elakhiwe phezu kwekhoyili yangaphakathi, kanye nento eshintsha isigaba ku-bundle. Ngayinye ithenga ukuminyana okuphezulu ngenhlawulo ewela kwenye indawo ekwakhiweni komshini, ngokuvamile kumandla kagesi, ekuzenzakaliseni kwamavalvu noma emahoreni okulungisa. Le ndatshana izibeka eceleni ngezibalo umnini-makhiqizi kufanele azivikele.
Amanzi Anengqondo: Isisekelo Zonke Ezinye Izinto Ezilinganiswa Ngaso
Amanzi ayisibonelo esiyisisekelo, ngoba indlela yawo yokugcina iyona futhi ewuketshezi lwamapayipi.
· Ukuminyana kuvela efasiteleni lokushisa. Ku-cp ≈ 4.186 kJ/kg·K kanye ne-ρ ≈ 1000 kg/m³, imitha yesikwele eyodwa igcina cishe u-1.163 kWh nge-kelvin ngayinye, ngakho ifasitela elingu-6 K linikeza cishe u-7 kWh nge-m³ ngaphambi kokwehliswa.
· Ukutholakala okusetshenzisekayo kuyaqondwa. Ithangi lokugcina ukushisa kwamanzi abandayo ngokuvamile liletha u-70-90% wethiyori, ukushoda kuba i-thermocline kanye nezinqolobane ezigcinwa emaphethelweni ngamunye.
· Ukwehluleka kuzwakala kakhulu kunokuba kuthule. I-valve ebambekile ibonakala ngokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa lokuhlinzeka ngemizuzu embalwa; iphutha elifanayo endaweni ebandayo liyanyamalala ngamahora.
Izindleko zalokho kulula umthamo, yingakho ucwaningo lwesakhiwo kufanele luqale ngaphambi kokuba ukhetho lwendlela yokugcina luqedwe.
Ukugcinwa Kweqhwa: Ukuminyana Okuthengwa Ngamandla Omshini
Iqhwa lenyusa ukuminyana ngokusebenzisa ukushisa okufihlekile esikhundleni sokushisa okuzwakalayo, futhi intengo ikhokhwa ku-compressor.
· Indlela yokuncibilika yengeza indawo. Ukukhishwa kwenzeka nge-coil yangaphakathi noma i-melt heat exchanger, futhi izinga lilinganiselwe yileyo ndawo kunokuba linganiselwe umthamo ogciniwe.
· Ukuhamba komjikelezo wansuku zonke kuyindlela ejwayelekile yokusebenza. Iwindi lokushaja liphinda cishe nsuku zonke, okubeka i-coil, i-defrost logic kanye nokulawulwa kwe-suction ngaphansi komjikelezo wokushisa ojwayelekile.
· Lapho isikhala sinomkhawulo, umthamo wehla kakhulu. Esizeni sasemadolobheni lapho indawo yegumbi lemishini isivele isetshenziselwa amahholo, umsebenzi ofanayo udinga ingxenye encane yomthamo wamanzi.
Iqhwa lishiya iphrojekthi lapho umnikazi engakwazi ukuthethelela amandla engeziwe okushaja, noma lapho isitshalo singenayo indawo yekhoyili yokuncibilika okufanele ihlale ihlanzekile.
Into Eshintsha Isimo: Ukuminyana Okuphezulu Kakhulu, Umsebenzi Omningi Wokuhlanganisa
I-PCM igcina amandla entweni eshintsha isimo eduze kwezinga lokushisa kwamanzi okunikezwayo.
· Indawo yokudlulisa ukushisa iba yinkinga. Ukubanda kufanele kungene futhi kuphume nge-capsule noma nge-pack ngokusebenzisa i-conduction, ngakho amandla okukhipha alandela i-geometry ye-pack hhayi ukugeleza kwepompo.
· Indawo yokushaja isadinga ikhoyili noma ngasiphi isimo. Amanzi, i-glycol noma isiqandisi kufanele kuhambise ukushisa kungene futhi kuphume, futhi leyo mishini ithatha igumbi okwakuhloswe ukuthi i-PCM ilikhulule.
· Ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa ngokweqile nokuhlala phansi kubalulekile. I-PCM engakaze iqale i-nucleation, noma ehlukanisayo lapho imile, ithulile iguqula impahla ibe yibhlokhi elingenamsebenzi owusizo.
I-PCM iyimpendulo ethembekile esitshalweni esicebile, futhi iyimpendulo embi esikhungweni esifuna ithangi umakhenikha angangena kulo futhi aqinisekise nge-thermometer.
Ukukhetha Ngomphumela, Hhayi Ngokuminyana
Isinqumo silandela lokho okuphoqayo indlela ngayinye ekwakhiweni okusele.
1. Hlola isikhala ngokuqhathanisa nokusetshenziswa kwaso okunye. Igobolondo elisusa isikhala sehholo noma eliphoqa isakhiwo eside kakhulu libiza ngaphezu kwalokho inani lalo elisikisela.
2. Bheka lokho ithimba lokulungisa elingakukhonza. Amanzi adinga ukwelashwa; iqhwa lidinga inhlanzeko yekhoyili kanye nengqondo yokuncibilikisa; i-PCM idinga umhlinzeki ozokuma ngemuva kwephakethe ngemuva kweminyaka emihlanu yokujikeleza.
3. Gcina indlela eyodwa ngesitimela sokugcina. Ukuxuba ithangi lamanzi kanye nomkhumbi we-PCM kuheda elilodwa kwengeza ingqondo yokushintsha imodi okunzima ukuyifakazela ngesikhathi sokuqala ukusebenza.
Lapho isitshalo sinendawo, ithangi lokugcina ukushisa kwamanzi abandayo lihlala liyindlela enobungozi obuphansi kakhulu: uketshezi lokugcina uketshezi olujikelezayo, isilinganiso yi-thermometer ne-flow meter, futhi izici zokunciphisa yilezo ezirekhodwe imboni amashumi eminyaka.
Incazelo Yezobuchwepheshe
Into | Amanzi abandayo (okuzwa) | Iqhwa elisekhoyilini | Into eshintsha isigaba |
Indlela yokugcina | Ukupholisa okuzwayo kwamanzi awuketshezi | Ukuncibilika okufihlekile kwamanzi ekhoyilini yangaphakathi | Ukuncibilika okufihlekile kwengxubevange noma i-hydrate eklanyelwe |
Ukuminyana kwamandla okucatshangelwayo | ≈ 1.163 kWh nge-m³ nge-K; cishe 7 kWh nge-m³ ku-6 K | Ukushisa okufihlekile kweqhwa, izikhathi eziningana zevolumu yamanzi | Kusethwa ukushisa kokuncibilika kwento |
Ingxenye yokukhipha esebenzisekayo | 70-90% yethiyori | Kukhawulwa indawo yekhoyili yokuncibilika nezinga lokuncibilika | Kukhawulwa ukuhamba kokushisa kwe-pack nendawo yokuxhumana |
Amandla okushaja engeziwe | Akukho ngaphandle kokusebenza okujwayelekile kwe-chiller | Ukushisa okufihlekile kokuncibilika kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphansi lokuhwamuka | Ukushaja amandla aphakathi kanye nendlela yejakhethi |
Izingxenye ezinyakazayo ngaphakathi kwegobolondo | Lutho | Ikhoyili, mhlawumbe izinto zokuxuba | Lutho, kodwa iphakethe kufanele lisekelwe |
Into eyinhloko yokulungisa | Isibulala-zinambuzane, isivimbeli, ukulawulwa kwesikala, ukuhlanza ngezikhathi ezithile | Inhlanzeko yekhoyili, ukuncibilika kanye nokulawulwa kokudonsa | Ubuqotho bekhephuleli, ukuhlala kwephakethe, i-nucleation |
Isiginesha yokwehluleka | Izinga lokushisa lokunikezela liyenyuka ngemizuzu embalwa | Umthamo uyancipha phakathi nesikhathi sokuphuma | Umsebenzi uyawa lapho iphakethe liyeka ukujikeleza |
Ukulingana okujwayelekile | Amakhampasi anendawo yegceke, ukushintsha kwama-2-6 h | Izindawo zasemadolobheni lapho indawo yaphansi ibekiwe | Iziza eziqinile ezidinga amahora amade kumthamo omncane |
Icala Lomklamo
Umsebenzi wethu wokubhekisela osekelwe emkhakheni wamanzi namanzi angcolile uhlanganisa ukufakwa kwamathangi amaningi amakhulu anikezwe ngamazinga afanayo nezinga le-TES yesikhungo sedatha elakhelwe kulo, kuhlanganise nephrojekthi engezansi.
Isifinyezo Sedokhumenti Yephrojekthi
Iphrojekthi | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ubukhulu | Ukuqedwa |
INamibia - amanzi aphuzwayo (P-A) | Ithangi elihlanganisiwe le-GFS elingu-01 | 44,900 m³ isiyonke | Amathangi amane angu-φ41,260 × 8,400 mm | Septhemba 2022 |
Amagobolondo amane alo bubukhulu abufakazela ubuthakathaka obubodwa namandla okukodwa komzila wamanzi: amandla ukuthi igobolondo elingaka ligcina izinga lokushisa cishe lingashintshi eminyakeni eminingi limile, ubuthakathaka ukuthi ukugcina lokho kubanda kudinga umthamo. Ithangi lokugcina ukushisa kwamanzi abandayo elilinganiselwe ngomqondo ofanayo ligcina i-thermocline yalo noma ngabe isihlukanisi siyishiya kuphi, futhi ukulandelana kokumiswa kwamathangi amane ahambisanayo kuyisimiso esisetshenziswayo ukuletha ipulazi lokugcina elinamayunithi amaningi ku-inthanethi ngezigaba.
Amandla Obunjiniyela be-Center Enamel
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isikhathi eside isukela ngo-2008 yakha futhi yaklama amathangi okugcina axhunywe ngamabhawodi. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ehlanganiswe ne-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile imisebenzi efakiwe engaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe amandla okukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kuqhutshwa ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, FDA, LFGB, CE (EN 1090), ISO 28765, FM, BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukwakhiwa kubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Ukukhetha indlela kanye negobolondo
· Amanzi njengendlela yokugcina agcina umjikelezo usemfuthweni womoya, okuyindlela eshibhile futhi enobungozi obuphansi yokubamba amahora amaningi okupholisa ehholo elikhulu; iqhwa ne-PCM kukhuphula ukuminyana kwamandla kodwa kunezela i-coil, i-header noma ijiyometri ye-capsule ngaphakathi kwegobolondo.
· Amagobolondo e-Enamel kanye ne-fusion-bonded epoxy awanzi lutho emanzini ahlanjululwe, futhi indlela ye-enamel iqinisekiswa nge-1500 V DC holiday test kanye nongqimba oshisiwe olungu-0.25-0.45 mm.
· Umlando wethu wokulethwa kwamathangi amanzi, kusukela ohlelweni lwaseNamibia lwama-44,900 m³ kuze kufike ezitshalweni zezimboni ezinamathangi amaningi angamakhulu ambalwa e-cubic metres, usekela kokubili izitolo ezisezingeni lokusetshenziswa komphakathi kanye nezingeni lehholo.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Ingabe amanzi abandayo ayisikhungo esisengozini encane kakhulu yesikhungo sedatha?
Impendulo 1: Yisikhungo esisengozini encane kakhulu lapho kunesikhala futhi isikhathi esiphakeme sifushane. Amanzi ayiwo umswakama ofanayo njengento esetshenziswayo, awanawo umhlaba wokuncibilika wangaphakathi futhi izici zawo zokunciphisa zibhalwe kahle, okwenza ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwephrojekthi kube lula ukufakazela.
Umbuzo 2: Ingabe isitoreji seqhwa sisebenzisa amandla amangaki engeziwe nge-kilowatt-hora ngayinye egciniwe?
Impendulo 2: Amaningi, futhi kufanele abalwe ku-balance yamandla yesikhungo kunokuba abe yisimangalo. Ukwenza iqhwa kwengeza ukushisa okufihlekile kokuncibilika kanye nendlela ye-evaporator; qhathanisa lokho nesidingo esiphezulu kanye nokonga kwentela okukhiqizwa ukushintsha.
Umbuzo 3: Ingabe ithangi lokugcina ukushisa kwamanzi abandayo lingabelana ngesikhungo nohlelo lweqhwa?
Impendulo 3: Bangabelana nge-header eyodwa, kodwa i-logic kufanele inqume ukuthi iyiphi indlela esebenza ku-loop, futhi lokho kushintsha kwemodi kufanele kuhlolwe ngaphambi kokuba kuthenjelwe kukho ngesikhathi sokuphazamiseka.
Umbuzo 4: Yimaphi amahora okugcina anikezwa amanzi neqhwa ngamunye?
Impendulo 4: Amanzi akhululekile emahoreni amabili kuya kwayisithupha omthwalo oshintshiwe futhi anwebeka kakhulu ngevolumu; iqhwa ne-PCM zithola imishini yazo eyengeziwe lapho amahora adingekayo ecindezela ivolumu yamanzi endaweni engatholakali.
Umbuzo 5: Iyiphi indlela ehluleka ngokuthula kakhulu?
A5: I-media eminyene. Ithangi lamanzi likhombisa izinga lokushisa elikhuphukayo ngokushesha, kuyilapho iphakethe elibandisiwe noma elishintsha isigaba linikeza amandla kancane kancane phakathi nesikhathi sokukhipha, ngakho-ke ukuhlolwa kufanele kwenziwe ngokuhambisana nomsebenzi odizayiniwe futhi kurekhodwe.
Q6: Ingabe i-medium ishintsha ukucaciswa kwegobolondo?
A6: Izisekelo zegobolondo zihlala zifana: i-atmospheric noma ngaphakathi komngcele wengcindezi yesistimu, ifakwe i-insulation, inendawo yokungena nokuphuma elawulwayo kanye ne-lining efakwe emanzini. Iqhwa ne-PCM kushintsha ukusekelwa kwangaphakathi, ukungena kwekhoyili kanye nokuhlelwa kwe-nozzle kunokuba kushintshe i-envelope.
Ukuqhathanisa amanzi abandayo, iqhwa kanye ne-phase change material kuncike ekutheni iphrojekthi ingathwala isijeziso esiphi. Amanzi athwala umthamo, iqhwa lithwala amandla e-compressor kanye nendawo yokuncibilika, i-PCM ithwala ukuhlanganiswa kanye nokuziphatha kwephakethe yesikhathi eside. Ezingxenyeni eziningi ezibalulekile ezinesizinda somshini esisebenzisekayo, ithangi lokugcina ukushisa lamanzi abandayo linikeza umsebenzi oshintshiwe ngamanani amancane kakhulu ezinhlobo zokwehluleka ezintsha, yingakho kufanele licaciswe kuqala.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Sithumelele umthwalo we-IT ophakeme, amahora okudinga ukuwashintsha, indawo ekhona yomshini kanye nesakhiwo sentela. Sizobuyisela ukuqhathanisa okuphakathi kuzinombolo zakho: ukuminyana kwamandla kanye nevolumu ephelele yamanzi, iqhwa kanye ne-PCM, amandla engeziwe okushaja okudingwa yilokhu ngakunye, ingxenye esebenzisekayo esingayilindela kanye nobubanzi nokuphakama kwegobolondo okulingana nesiza sakho. Ohlelweni lwamanzi, silandela ngephepha lokucacisa elihlanganisa ukufakwa, ukufakwa kwe-insulation, ijiyometri yokungena kanye nama-nozzles.
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