Amathangi Okugcina Amanzi Abandayo: Izindinganiso, Izinto Zokumboza, kanye Nokuhlaziywa Kwe-Insulation
Kwadalwa ngo Ngokwamukisa
Amathangi Okugcina Amanzi Abandayo: Izindinganiso, Izembozo, kanye Nokuhlaziywa Kwe-insulation
Izinto ezintathu zinquma impilo yesevisi yethangi lokugcina amanzi abandayo. Amathangi okugcina amanzi abandayo ngokuvamile akhiwa ngokwenqubo yethangi lensimbi ye-AWWA D103, kanti ingaphakathi licaciswa ngaphansi kwe-AWWA C550 i-epoxy ehlanganiswe ngokuncibilika noma indawo ye-glass-enamel ehlanganiswe efektri, futhi kufakwe i-insulation elinganiswe ukugcina igobolondo lingaphezu kwezinga le-dew point kuzo zonke izisekelo kanye nezimbobo. Ukujiya kwe-coating nokuhlolwa kwe-holiday kunquma impilo yokugqwala. Ukujiya kwe-insulation, ukuvalwa komhwamuko kanye nemininingwane ye-cold-bridge kunquma ukulahlekelwa kokulinda kanye nengozi yokuqhwala. Cacisa lezi zinto zintathu njengephakethe elilodwa noma ithangi lizokwehluleka ngonyaka wesihlanu. Amathangi okugcina amanzi abandayo omsebenzi wokupholisa ngokuvamile akhiwa ngokwe-AWWA D103-09 kugobolondo lensimbi, i-AWWA C550 kwi-epoxy lining kanye ne-ISO 28765 yokulawulwa kokukhiqizwa efektri.
Umsebenzisi uthenga umthamo wethangi; isitshalo siphila ngesembozo, igobolondo kanye ne-insulation. Umthamo uyisibalo, isembozo siwukucaciswa kwendawo, kanti i-insulation iyisembozo sokushisa, kodwa zontathu ziyahluleka ngezindlela ezihlukene futhi akukho neyodwa enxephezela ezinye. Isembozo esihle phezu kwesisekelo esingacaciswanga kahle sisabanda futhi siqhumise umugqa, kanti i-insulation ewugqinsi phezu kwesembozo esinamabala isafihla ukugqwala ngaphansi kwe-cladding.
Le ndatshana ihamba ngalezi zinto ezintathu ngokulandelana okufanele uhlu lwezincazelo zokucacisa lulandelane ngakho: uhlaka olujwayelekile, isembozo esihlukanisa amanzi nensimbi, kanye nokuvikela ukushisa kanye nokwelashwa kwebhuloho elibandayo okugcina ingaphandle lomile futhi ingaphakathi lizinzile. Lezi zinqumo ezifanayo ziyavela kunoma yiliphi ithangi lokugcina amanzi abandayo asemkhathini, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umsebenzi ukupholisa, amanzi okuphuza noma amanzi okuqeda umlilo.
Ukugxila kwezobuchwepheshe: lokho okudingwa yizindinganiso, lokho uhlelo ngalunye lwesembozo olungakwenza futhi olungakwazi ukukwenza, kanye nendlela ukujiya kokuvikela ukushisa okukhethwa ngayo ithangi lokugcina amanzi abandayo eligcinwa ku-6 degC esimweni sezulu esishisayo.
Uhlaka Olujwayelekile Oluzungeze Umkhumbi
Ikhodi esebenzayo ilandela inkontileka. Ithangi lokugcina amanzi abandayo elicishe libe semkhathizweni womoya livamise ukubekwa ngaphandle komngcele wengcindezi, ngakho-ke ububanzi balo bulawulwa yincazelo yephrojekthi kanye nezinga lethangi elibhekiselwe kulo hhayi ngekhodi yomkhumbi wengcindezi. Lapho umklamo ubeka ithangi ngaphakathi komngcele wengcindezi, ikhodi esebenzayo nomklamo yileyo echazwe encazelweni yephrojekthi nasemkontilekeni.
Umkhuba wethangi lensimbi unikeza isisekelo sokwakha. I-AWWA D103 iyisithenjwa esisetshenziswa kabanzi kumathangi ensimbi enziwe esitolo, ehlanganisa amapuleti, amajoyinti, ijiyometri yegobolondo kanye nomsebenzi wobungcweti. Lapho kukhethwa umkhumbi oboshiwe, ukuboshwa kulandela umkhuba wethangi eliboshiwe ngama-fastener anamandla aphezulu akalwele ukusebenza.
Izindinganiso zokumboza ziqinisa indawo engaphezulu. I-AWWA C550 ihlanganisa ukufakwa kwe-epoxy ehlanganiswe nokushisa futhi iyisithenjwa esivamile se-epoxy yangaphakathi. Esigxotsheni sensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi, ukumboza kunomnyango waso wekhwalithi: izinga lokushisa lokuhlanganisa, ukujiya, ukunamathela, ukuqina kanye nokuhlolwa kweholide ngaphambi kokuthi iphaneli ithunyelwe.
Ukufaka izinto zokuvikela kusho okuhlukile. Ukujiya kokuvikela kwegobolondo kuvela emsebenzini wokushisa, futhi izikophu zokuvikela zivame ukucaphuna i-EN 253 ne-EN 13480, kanye nokuqondiswa kwe-SMACNA ne-ASHRAE emsebenzini wemininingwane yesitshalo.
1. Isitsha: Umkhuba we-AWWA D103, noma ikhodi kanye nomklamo ocaciswe encazelweni yephrojekthi kanye nenkontileka.
2. Ubuso: I-AWWA C550 yokufakwa kwe-epoxy lining; i-enamel ehlanganiswe efektri ene-1500 V DC holiday test.
3. Ukushisa: ukujiya okuvela ekubalweni komsebenzi, imininingwane ku-EN 253 kanye nomkhuba we-ASHRAE.
Izinhlelo Zokumboza: Yini Evikela Insimbi
I-epoxy ehlanganiswe ngokushisa inikeza ungqimba oluvikelayo oluqinile. Ithangi lokugcina amanzi abandayo ngokuvamile lifakwa i-epoxy ehlanganiswe ngokushisa engu-180 kuya ku-280 µm, ehambisana ne-powder coat yangaphandle eqinile. I-epoxy inamathela ensimbi ngesikhathi sokufakwa, ayishi yi-migqa yokuthi amagciwane ahlale kuyo, ayidingi ukuvikelwa nge-cathodic, futhi ingalungiswa endaweni uma ithangi selisetshenziswa.
I-salt spray iyinkomba yekhwalithi, hhayi isikhathi sokusebenza. Umphumela we-neutral salt spray wamahora angu-4000 ku-ISO 9227 noma i-ASTM B117 ukhombisa ukuthi ukwakheka nokusetshenziswa kuyahambisana. Akubikezeli impilo yokufakwa kuma-chemistry wamanzi athile.
I-enamel iyisithiyo esihlukile esinendlela ehlukile yokwehluleka. Ingilazi inamathela ensimbi phakathi kuka-820 no-930 degC ibe ungqimba oluqhubekayo olungu-0.25 kuya ku-0.45 mm ubukhulu, ngokunamathela okucishe kube ngu-3450 N/cm2, ubulukhuni be-Mohs obungu-6.0, ukungqubuzana okungaphansi kwe-Ra 0.8 µm kanye nempilo yokuklama okungenani eyiminyaka engu-30. Iphuzu layo elibuthakathaka ukuqhekeka emaphethelweni okusikwa kanye nasezindaweni zokungena, ngakho ukusika endaweni kanye nokushisela umlomo kuyimisebenzi elawulwayo.
Into | I-epoxy ehlanganiswe ngokuncibilika | I-enamel yengilazi enamathiselwe ensimbi |
Ukusetshenziswa | Isifutho sasesitolo noma sasensimini, selashwa endaweni | Kuhlanganiswe esithandweni ku-820-930 degC |
Ukujiya | 180-280 µm ngaphakathi | 0.25-0.45 mm ngokumboza ngakunye |
Isenzo sokugqwala | Isivimbelo, akukho kuvikelwa kwe-cathodic | Isivimbelo, ingilazi ihlanganiswe nensimbi |
Ukulungisa endaweni | Kungenzeka endaweni | Kungenzeka ngenhlanganisela yokulungisa egcwalisiwe |
Isithenjwa esijwayelekile | Umkhuba we-AWWA C550 | Umnyango wephaneli uhlanganisa ukuhlolwa kweholide kwe-1500 V DC |
Izinto zokubheka | Ukujiya kwefilimu kuma-nozzle, ama-holiday | Ukuqhekeka konqenqema emaceleni nasezindaweni zokungena |
Ukumboza ezindaweni zokungena kunquma ukuvuza kokuqala. Igobolondo limbozwa ngokulinganayo; i-nozzle, ubuso be-flange kanye nebhawudi le-anchor akumboziwe. Umhloli kufanele abuze ukuthi ukumboza kukhunyulwa futhi kubuyiselwa kanjani eduze nendawo ngayinye yokungena, nokuthi yiluphi uhlolo lwe-holiday olulandelayo.
Ukufaka insulate: Ukujiya, Ukulawula Umhwamuko kanye Namabhuloho Abandayo
Ukujiya kulandela umsebenzi, hhayi umkhuba. Emathangini okugcina amanzi abandayo agcinwa ku-6 kuya ku-12 degC esimweni sezulu esishisayo, ukufaka insulate kufanele kugcine isikhumba sangaphandle singaphezu kwe-dew point yomoya wegumbi; uma kungenjalo amanzi ajijeka aye emhlanjini, i-cladding igqwala ngaphandle kanti umhlanjini uyahlangana futhi ulahlekelwe ukusebenza. Ukubala kusebenzisa i-dry bulb yokuklama kwesizinda kanye nomswakama, izinga lokushisa kwamanzi kanye nokuhamba kokushisa kwe-wool.
Amabhuloho abandayo ayizindlela ezijwayelekile zokwehluleka. Wonke umlenze wokusekela, ukungena kwegobolondo kanye nemininingwane ye-anchor kuthwala insimbi isuka ngaphakathi okubandayo iya ngaphandle okufudumele. Kulezo zindawo indawo yendawo yehla ngaphansi kukaziro futhi ibambe amanzi azungezile, noma ngaphansi kwe-dew point futhi kumanzise i-insulation. Ukwelashwa kusho ukuphuka kokushisa ngaphansi kwe-saddle, imikhono efakwe i-insulation kuma-nozzles kanye ne-vapour seal eqhubekayo kuyo yonke i-envelope kufaka phakathi uphahla.
I-cladding ivikela uvolo, i-vapour seal ivikela ukusebenza. I-standing seam aluminium noma i-colour steel cladding enophahla olunomoya igcina uhlelo lomile. Ngophahla lwe-aluminium dome i-dome iyingqimba yesimo sezulu futhi, ngaphansi kohlaka lwe-AWWA D108 / API 650 / ADM 2015 / ASCE 7-10 / IBC 2012, ayidingi ukuphinda ipendwe.
4. I-dew point: bala izinga lokushisa lesikhumba sangaphandle ngokuqhathanisa nomswakama wendawo futhi linganise uvolo ukuze uhlale ngaphezulu kwayo.
5. Izisekelo: ukuphuka kokushisa noma i-pedestal ethwala i-insulation emgqeni wesisekelo.
6. Ama-nozzle: imikhono evalekile enesivalo somhwamuko esiqhubekayo kulo lonke umgodi.
7. Uphahla: uphahla oluyisicaba oluvalwe umhwamuko noma idome ye-aluminium, noma yikuphi okuvunyelwa yisitshalo.
Lezi zintathu ziyasebenzisana. Ukujiya kwamanzi okungena endaweni evulekile yokumboza ku-nozzle kwakha iseli lendawo efihlwa yisembozo, ngakho ukuhlolwa kubheka ngaphakathi ngesikhathi sokumiswa. Ukulahlekelwa okulindile ebusuku kubuyiselwa kumjikelezo olandelayo wokushaja, futhi udonga olumanzi lwandisa kokubili lokho kulahlekelwa kanye nesikhathi sokusebenza sokugcwalisa.
Incazelo Yezobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani elijwayelekile noma inketho |
Indlela yokusebenza | Amanzi abandayo, 5-7 degC okufakwayo, 12-14 degC okubuyiswayo |
Uhlobo lwethangi | Insimbi eseduze nomkhathi obanzi noma edwelisiwe enombala wangaphakathi |
Izinga lomkhumbi | AWWA D103, noma ikhodi nokuklanywa ngokwencazelo yephrojekthi |
Umbala wangaphakathi | I-epoxy ehlanganiswe nokushisa 180-280 µm (AWWA C550), noma i-enamel 0.25-0.45 mm |
Amasango ekhwalithi | Ukuhlolwa kwe-holiday ye-1500 V DC; ukufafazwa kukasawoti ISO 9227 / ASTM B117 kuze kufike ku-4000 h |
Ukuvala nge-insulation | I-mineral wool, ukujiya okulinganiswe ukubamba isikhumba ngaphezu kwe-dew point |
I-cladding | I-aluminium noma i-colour steel standing seam, uphahla olunomoya |
Ukulawula ibhuloho elibandayo | I-saddle thermal break, imikhono ye-nozzle, isivalo somoya esiqhubekayo |
Impilo yokuklama | Iminyaka engama-30 ubuncane be-fused enamel; impilo yokumboza ngokwesicaciso |
Inothi lobubanzi | Ithangi lokugcina amanzi abandayo licaciswa njengephakethe elilodwa: izinga lomkhumbi, uhlelo lokumboza kanye nesembozo se-insulation |
Icala Lomsebenzi
Inkambu | Inani |
Iphrojekthi | I-China Hebei amanzi angcolile omuthi (P-E) |
Umkhiqizo | Ithangi le-02 Fusion-Bonded Epoxy |
Umthamo | 32,363 m3 isiyonke |
Ubukhulu | Ububanzi 36.6 m x 24.6 m, kanye nobubanzi 18.34 m x 24.6 m |
Ukuqedwa | Agasti 2026 |
Nakuba amaphrojekthi ethu ayisithenjwa anikeziwe emkhakheni wamanzi namanzi angcolile ahlanganisa lo msebenzi, umsebenzi we-TES wesikhungo sedatha wakhelwe emazingeni afanayo. Amathangi amabili ane-epoxy lining anobubanzi obungu-36.6 m abonisa ukusetshenzwa kwe-coating namaphaneli womkhumbi omkhulu onobubanzi obukhulu one-lining, into efanayo yokuqondisa i-coating elawula ingaphakathi lethangi lokugcina amanzi abandayo.
Amandla Obunjiniyela e-Center Enamel
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isikhathi eside kusukela ngo-2008 yakha futhi yaklama amathangi okugcina izinto aboshwe ngezibophezelo. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ehlanganiswe ne-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile imisebenzi efakiwe engaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe amandla okukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kuqhutshwa ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, FDA, LFGB, CE (EN 1090), ISO 28765, FM, BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukwakhiwa kubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Iphakethe le-Coating namazinga
· Esitolo samanzi abandayo, i-coating iyinto yokulungisa: i-enamel inikeza indawo engasebenzi, ebukhwebezane eqinisekiswa ku-1500 V DC, i-epoxy (Resicoat R4-ES 180-280 µm) inikeza ifilimu eboshiwe enokulungiswa endaweni.
· I-AWWA D103-09 ilawula ukwakhiwa kwethangi lensimbi, i-AWWA C550 ilawula ukufakwa kwe-epoxy kanti i-ISO 28765 ilawula ukulawulwa kokukhiqizwa efektri; i-NSF/ANSI 61 ne-WRAS zisebenza ekuhlukaniseni izinga lokuphuzwa.
· Uhlelo lwe-epoxy lwase-Hebei lwe-32,363 m³ kanye nebhange le-epoxy lamakhemikhali lase-Guangxi le-4,771 m³ yizindawo eziyisibonelo zamagobolondo ane-coating emanzini anolaka.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Yisiphi isilinganiso esisebenza kumathangi okugcina amanzi abandayo?
A1: Imikhumbi eseduze nomkhathi ngokuvamile ilandela umkhuba wethangi lensimbi le-AWWA D103, kuyilapho noma yimuphi umngcele wengcindezi wakhiwe ngokwekhodi nokuklanywa okucaciswe encazelweni yephrojekthi kanye nenkontileka. Amathangi okugcina amanzi abandayo abe esecaciswa nge-coating ngokumelene ne-AWWA C550 kanye ne-insulation elinganiswe ngokubalwa kokushisa.
Q2: Ingabe ngidinga ukuvikelwa kwe-cathodic ethangini eline-epoxy-lined?
A2: Cha. I-fusion-bonded epoxy lining eminyene iyisistimu yesithiyo, ngakho-ke umkhuba ojwayelekile ukushiya ngaphandle ukuvikelwa kwe-cathodic inqobo nje uma i-coating isetshenziswe ngobukhulu obucacisiwe futhi ihlolwe i-holiday, futhi ilungiswe ngemuva komsebenzi wokungena emkhakheni.
Q3: Kufanele ibe yinde kangakanani i-insulation ethangini elingu-6 degC?
A3: Yilinganise ukuze isikhumba sangaphandle sihlale ngaphezu kwe-dew point yomoya wegumbi, kusetshenziswa i-dry bulb yokuklanywa kwesayithi kanye nomswakama, izinga lokushisa lamanzi kanye nokuhamba kukamoya kwe-wool. Ezindaweni ezishisayo ezinomswakama lokhu ngokuvamile kukhulu kune-insulation yamapayipi.
Umbuzo 4: Ingabe i-enamel lining iyindlela ehlukile kune-epoxy?
Impendulo 4: Yebo kutanki yomoya egcwele amanzi. I-enamel ihlanganiswa efektri ku-820-930 degC ngejazi elingu-0.25-0.45 mm kanye nempilo yomklamo yeminyaka engama-30 okungenani; i-epoxy ifakwa ku-180-280 µm futhi kulula ukuyilungisa endaweni. Kokubili kudinga imininingwane yokungena yenziwe kahle.
Q5: Yini ibhuloho elibandayo futhi kungani lihluleka ithangi?
A5: Indlela yensimbi, ngokuvamile umlenze wokusekela noma i-nozzle, ethwala izinga lokushisa langaphakathi elibandayo iye ngaphandle. Ingaphezulu lendawo lehla ngaphansi kukaziro, libambe iqhwa, noma ngaphansi kwe-dew point, limanzise i-insulation ngaphakathi kwe-cladding.
Umbuzo 6: Kufanele ihlolwe kangaki ingaphakathi lethangi?
Impendulo 6: Abasebenzi abaningi bavula isitsha ngesikhathi sokuvalwa kweminyaka eminingi ukuze bahlole isimo sokumboza, ukusebenza kokuhlukaniswa kanye nendle yaphansi, baphinde benze ukuhlolwa kweholide ezindaweni ezilungisiwe.
Umbuzo 7: Ingabe ithangi elikhona lingabuye limbozwe esikhundleni sokushintshwa?
Impendulo 7: Kaningi yebo lapho ugobolondo luqinile. Ukumboza kuyasuswa, insimbi iqhunyiswa ngezinhlamvu ezicacisiwe bese kufakwa isembozo esigqinsiwe sokuqala. Ukwenzeka kuncike ekugqineni kogobolondo okusele kanye nokufinyelela.
Amathangi okugcina amanzi abandayo ayaphumelela noma ahluleke ezinhlelweni ezintathu ezishiwo ezisebenza ndawonye, futhi le mibuzo emithathu efanayo ivela njalo kuzo zonke izilinganiso zemikhumbi. Uhlaka olujwayelekile lubeka ububanzi bomkhumbi, i-coating ithwala impilo yokugqwala, kanti i-insulation envelope ilawula ukulahleka kwe-standby, i-condensation kanye nengozi yeqhwa kuzo zonke izisekelo. Zicacise ndawonye, ngezibalo ze-dew-point zobukhulu, ukuhlolwa kwe-holiday ngemuva kokulungiswa kwe-penetration ngayinye kanye nokuchazwa kwe-cold-bridge kuma-saddles nama-nozzles.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Thumela amazinga okushisa okuthunyelwa nokubuyiselwa, umswakama wokuklanywa kwesizinda, indawo etholakalayo kanye nomgomo wamakhilowathi-wahora agciniwe ukuze uthole ukubalwa kobukhulu bokuvikela kanye nohlelo lokumboza lwethangi lokugcina amanzi abandayo. Singaphinda futhi sihlole ifolda yencazelo ekhona yezikhala zebhuloho elibandayo ezisekelweni nasezindaweni zokungena ngaphambi kokuba kwaodwe ithangi elisha, noma sinikeze ishidi lencazelo yethangi uma liceliwe.
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