Umkhiqizi Wamathangi Kasimende: Amathangi Ashiselwe Futhi Aboshiwe Okhonkolo Oluxubile
Kwadalwa ngo Ngokwamukisa
Umkhiqizi Wamaseyilo Kakhonkolo: Amaseyilo Ashiselwe Futhi Aboshiwe Okukhonkolo Oluxubekile
Umenzi we-silo likasimende okhonza amaphrojekthi ekhonkrithi exutshiwe kanye nokuhlinzekwa kukasimende kufanele akhethe phakathi kokwakhiwa okushiseliwe nokuboshiwe ngamabhawudi ngokusekelwe kumthamo, ukuthuthwa nokufinyelela endaweni, bese elinganisa isilo ngokwesidingo semboni yokuxuba futhi ahlanganise ukugcwaliswa komoya kanye nokukhishwa okulawulwayo ukuze usimende ugeleze ngaphandle kokuvaleka noma ukulahleka kothuli. Amasilo ashiseliwe afanele izitshalo ezinkulu ezinganyakazi kanye nokwakhiwa endaweni lapho ukufinyelela kwe-crane namapuleti kuvunyelwe; amasilo aboshiwe ngamabhawudi afanele ukuhlinzekwa okusheshayo, okugudlukayo nokuthunyelwa nge-container lapho uhlelo lwamaphaneli lunciphisa isikhathi sokumiswa. Ukukhethwa kuqedwa ngomklamo wokudlulisa okukhishiwe, ukuqoqwa kothuli endaweni yokuphefumula kwesihlungi, kanye nokuhlolwa kwesakhiwo ngokwesisekelo somoya nokuzamazama komhlaba wendawo.
Ipulazi elixutshwe ngomileme lihlala noma lifa ngokufika kukasimende ngesikhathi nokugeleza ngokudingeka. Isilo esigcina usimende asiyona ibhini engasebenzi — iyibhafa phakathi kokulethwa okukhulu kanye nesihlanganisi, futhi uma ibhuloho, ivuza uthuli noma ingakwazi ukugcwaliswa ngokushesha okwanele, ipulazi lonke liyayeka. Abathengi abaqhathanisa umkhiqizi wesilo sikasimende bavame ukugxila entengo ngetoni futhi bangakunaki ukushintshana kwe-welded-versus-bolted kanye noxhumano lokudlulisa olunquma ngempela ukuthembeka. Le ndatshana ichaza ukuthi isilo sikasimende sikhethwa kanjani, silinganiswa futhi sihlanganiswe kanjani emsebenzini we-ready-mix kanye nokuhlinzeka ngosimende.
Amaseyilo Kakhonkolo Ashiselwe Futhi Aboshiwe Akhonza Amasiza Nemihlelo Ehlukene
Isinqumo sokuqala somkhiqizi ukuthi i-silo kayihlanganiswe ngokushisela noma ngokubophelela ngamabhawudi, futhi sinqunywa umthamo, ibanga lokuthutha kanye nokuthi indawo ingakwazi yini ukusingatha ukwakhiwa okusindayo endaweni. Zombili zigcina usimende ofanayo; zihluka endleleni okwenziwa futhi okulethwa ngayo igobolondo.
· I-silo eshiselwe. Amapulangwe ashiselwa endaweni (noma alethwa njengegobolondo elishiselwe); kungcono kakhulu ezitshalweni ezinkulu ezinganyakiyo ezinokufinyelela kwe-crane nalapho ukwakhiwa kwendawo kungabiza kahle. Igobolondo liyaqhubeka, azikho izihlanganisi zamabhawudi okufanele zivalwe.
· I-silo eboshelwe ngamabhawudi. Amaphaneli afika epakishwe eyisicaba futhi aboshelwa abe yigobolondo elinezitebhisi; kungcono kakhulu ekwakhiweni okusheshayo, ezitshalweni ezinganyakiswayo kanye nokuthunyelwa nge-container ezindaweni ezikude noma phesheya kwezilwandle.
Isimo esishiselwe sisusa ukunakekelwa kokuhlanganisa ngamabhawudi kodwa sidinga umzamo osindayo wendawo; isimo esiboshelwe ngamabhawudi sithuthukisa umsebenzi uye efektri futhi ukwakhiwa kuya eqenjini elincane.
Ukulinganisa Umthamo Ukuze Uhlangabezane Nesidingo Se-Batch-Plant kanye Nomkhuba Wokulethwa
Umthamo wesisele sikasimende unqunywa yisidingo sehora sesikhungo sokuxuba, isikhathi sokubuya kweloli lokuletha, kanye nenani lokugcina umqhubi alifunayo ukuze kubhekwane nokuphazamiseka kokuphakelwa — hhayi ukuqagela okuvamile kokuthi "sikhulu ngokwanele". Uma sincane kakhulu, isikhungo siphelelwa usimende phakathi nokuthela; uma sikhulu ngokweqile, imali ihlezi ingasetshenziswa.
Okokufaka | Umthelela kumthamo |
Ukusetshenziswa kukasimende ngehora embonini yamabhethari | Ibeke umthamo omncane wokusebenza |
Ukuphenduka kweloli lezinto eziningi | Ibeke ukuthi kugcinwe ibhafa engakanani |
Inani lezinhlobo zikakhonkolo | Ibeke inani lamaseyilo ahlukene |
Indawo yesiza | Ibeke ukulinganisa kobubanzi nokuphakama |
Izitshalo ze-ready-mix ngokuvamile zisebenzisa ama-silo amabili noma ngaphezulu ngohlobo luka-simende (isb., i-OPC ne-fly-ash blend), ngakho isitoreji sisonke siyisamba samaseli ahlukene, ahlukanisiwe kunokuba kube yithangi elilodwa elixubile.
Ukukhipha Nokudlulisa: Lapho U-simende Unyakaza Khona Ngempela
U-simende uthola inzuzo yaso kuphela lapho ukhipha ngokuthembekile kuya ku-batcher, ngakho phansi kwe-silo, indawo yokuphuma kanye nendawo yokuxhumana yokudlulisa kuklanyelwe ukuziphatha kokugeleza kwento, hhayi ukushiywa enhlanhleni. U-simende iyimpushana encane eyakha amabhuloho futhi igcwalise; uhlelo lokukhipha lulawula kokubili.
· I-Hopper bottom (ikhowuni). Ikhowuni eliqondile likhuthaza ukugeleza kwesisindo esikhulu kuya endaweni yokuphuma, kunciphisa ukubambelela; i-half-angle isethwa nge-angle of repose yosimende kanye nokungqubuzana kodonga.
· I-Rotary valve / i-screw conveyor. Ukukhishwa okulinganiselwe okuya ku-batcher noma emugqeni we-pneumatic; i-valve isetha ukunemba kwe-batch.
· Ukugcwaliswa nge-pneumatic. Amaloli amakhulu noma izitimela zomgwaqo zifutha usimende kwi-silo ngokusebenzisa ipayipi lokugcwalisa; i-silo kufanele ikhiphe umoya nge-breather ehlungiwe ukuze kulawulwe uthuli.
· Ama-aeration pads. Umoya onengcindezi ephansi ekhowuni ugcina usimende u-fluidized ukuze uphume ngokungaguquguquki futhi uvimbele i-rat-holing.
Ukukhishwa nokugcwalisa kuyizinhlangothi ezimbili zenkinga yokuthembeka efanayo: okunye kufaka usimende ngaphakathi, okunye kukukhipha ngaphandle, futhi kokubili kudinga ukulawulwa kothuli.
Ukuqoqwa Kothuli Nokuhambisana Nemvelo Emoyeni Wokukhipha Umoya
Konke ukugcwaliswa kukasimende kukhipha umoya ngaphandle kwesilo, futhi lowo moya kufanele udlule kuventshi yesihlungi noma isiza sehluleka imithetho yokukhishwa kothuli — ngakho umkhiqizi wesilo uhlinzeka ngeventshi njengengxenye yesistimu. Ukulawulwa kothuli kuyinto yokuhambisana nemithetho, hhayi isengezo.
· Ventshi yesihlungi (i-cartridge noma isikhwama). Ibamba izingqamuzana zikasimende ngesikhathi sokugcwalisa; ihlanjululwa ngokuhlehla noma ngomshini ukuze kugcinwe ukugeleza.
· Ukuqapha kwezinga nengcindezi. I-alamu yezinga eliphezulu ivimbela ukugcwala ngokweqile; isikali sengcindezi siqinisekisa ukuthi iventshi ayivalwanga.
· Amalunga avaliwe. Amasilo aboshiwe adinga imigqa yamabhawudi avaliwe kanye nezindlela zokungena ukuze kungabikho uthuli oluphunyukayo ngesikhathi sokugcwalisa noma ukukhipha.
Kumasilo e-GFS aboshiwe noma amasilo ensimbi ehlanganisiwe, ukuqedwa kwangaphakathi nakho kuthinta ukuthi ucasimende unamathela kangakanani odongeni, yingakho indawo ebushelelezi ye-enamel noma indawo ene-lining icaciswa lapho izinsalela nokuhlanza kubalulekile.
Ukuhlolwa Kwesakhiwo: Umoya, Ukuzamazama Komhlaba Kanye Nesisekelo Somhoshana Omude
I-silo likasimende liyisakhiwo eside, esincane, esisindayo phezulu uma lingenamathiriyeli yokusiza, ngakho umoya nokuzamazama komhlaba kuhlolwa ngokwesisekelo sendawo futhi isisekelo sithwala umthwalo ogcwele wokuma nokugingqika. Iqokobhe lilula; ukusabela kwesisekelo akulula.
· Umoya (ASCE 7 / EN 1991-1-4). Ukuqhekeka nokugingqika kwesimo esingenalutho kubusa ezindaweni ezivelele; umbhoshongo omncane uyahlolwa, hhayi kuphela icala eligcwele.
· Ukuzamazama komhlaba (ASCE 7 / EN 1998-4). Amandla okunyakaza avundlile eqokobheni nasemthonjeni ogciniwe; ama-ankha ne-ring beam kuthwala ukuphakama nokushefa.
· Isisekelo. I-ring beam noma i-raft isabalalisa ukusabela kodonga futhi imelana nokushibilika; ukuthwala komhlabathi nokuhlala phansi kusetha isimo.
Umenzi we-silo likasimende uhlanganisa uhlelo lwamaphaneli/ama-stiffener nemithwalo yama-ankha nesisekelo ukuze isakhiwo sibe yiphakethe elilodwa elilawulwayo.
Icala Leprojekthi
I-referensi yedepho likasimende elizinikele ekhiqizwa ukhonkolo oxubile ayikakabi yingxenye yephothifoliyo elethiwe, ngakho le ndatshana ibhalwe njengomhlahlandlela wobunjiniyela hhayi njengombhalo wesicelo sephrojekthi. Ikhono lenkampani lokuhlinzeka ngamadepho kasimende aboshiwe likhonjiswa yizinhlelo zamathangi aboshiwe alethiwe njenge-India GFS fire-protection reservoir (amathangi angu-3, 12,261 m³, 2024-06) kanye ne-Singapore GFS installation (amathangi angu-2, 1,666 m³, 2026-01), akhiwe ngamazinga afanayo amathangi aboshiwe. Lezo ziyizinkomba zokuvikela umlilo ezicashunwe njengomongo wekhono kuphela, hhayi njengokufakwa kwamadepho kasimende.
Ikhono Lobunjini le-Center Enamel
UCenter Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isungule futhi yakha amathangi okugcina anezibophezelo kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi ensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukukhulisa umthamo wokukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, i-WRAS, i-FDA, i-LFGB, i-CE (EN 1090), i-ISO 28765, i-FM, i-BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukuklama kubhekiselwa ku-ISO 28765, EN 1090, ASCE 7, EN 1991-1-4 kanye ne-EN 1998-4 lapho ukusetshenziswa kudinga khona.
Ekugcinweni kukasimende inkampani ihlinzeka ngamasilo ensimbi aboshiwe kanye nama-GFS anezinketho ze-hopper-bottom, ukuxhumana komoya, izinhlinzeko zokuhlunga umoya kanye nephakethe, isiqinisi kanye nenqwaba ye-anchor ehambisana nesisekelo sekhodi yephrojekthi, kukho kokubili ukulethwa kwesitayela esishiseliwe nesiboshiwe.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Ingabe kufanele ngikhethe isilo sikasimende esishiseliwe noma esiboshiwe?
Impendulo 1: Khetha esishiseliwe ezitshalweni ezinkulu ezinganyakazi ezinokufinyelela kwe-crane nokwakha; khetha esiboshiwe ekulethweni okusheshayo, okungashintshwa indawo noma okuthunyelwa nge-container lapho ukumiswa kwamaphaneli kunciphisa isikhathi kanye nomsebenzi wendawo. Ukasimende ogciniwe uyafana.
Umbuzo 2: Umthamo wesilo sikasimende ulinganiswa kanjani?
Impendulo 2: Kusukela ekudingeni kukasimende ngehora kwesitshalo sokuxuba, ukuphenduka kweloli elikhulu kanye ne-buffer efunwayo ngokumelene nezikhala zokuhlinzeka, kuhlukaniswe ngohlobo lukasimende kumasilo ahlukene; indawo yonyawo ibeka ukuhwebelana kobubanzi nokuphakama.
Umbuzo 3: Kungani ukasimende uhlangana esilweni?
A3: Usimende iyimpushana emanzi ene-engeli yokuphumula kanye nokungqubuzana kodonga okubangela ukuhlanganiswa nokugqobhoza; ikhoni yomgqomo omude, ama-phedi okungenisa umoya kanye ne-valve ejikelezayo elinganiselwe kulawula ukugeleza futhi kuvimbele ukubambelela.
Q4: Uthuli lulawulwa kanjani ngesikhathi sokugcwalisa?
A4: Umoya ohlungiwe (i-cartridge noma isikhwama) ku-silo breather uthwebula izinhlayiya zikasimende eziphuma ngesikhathi sokugcwalisa ngomoya; i-alamu yezinga eliphezulu kanye nokuqapha kwengcindezi kuqinisekisa ukuthi umoya uhlanzekile.
Q5: Yimiphi imigomo elawula isakhiwo?
A5: Umoya ku-ASCE 7 / EN 1991-1-4 kanye nokuzamazama komhlaba ku-ASCE 7 / EN 1998-4, nesimo esingenalutho siyahlolwa; isisekelo sithwala umthwalo oqondile kanye nokugingqika futhi ukwakheka kwe-anchor/ring-beam kuyingxenye yephakheji.
Q6: Ingabe i-silo ye-GFS ingagcina usimende?
A6: Yebo — i-enamel ebunjiweyo ebushelelezi (Ra < 0.8 µm) imelana nokunamathela futhi kulula ukuyihlanza; kukhonkolo ukugqwala nokulawulwa komswakama kuklanyelwe ku-hopper nasekungeniseni umoya hhayi odongeni lodwa.
Q7: Yini umkhiqizi ayihlinzekayo ngaphandle kwegobolondo?
A7: I-hopper, indawo yokuphuma, isixhumi sokungenisa umoya, izinhlinzeko zokuhlunga komoya, imininingwane yokuqapha izinga nengcindezi, kanye nephakethe elihlanganisiwe lama-stiffener nama-anchor ngokwesisekelo sekhodi eshiwo.
Ukuze athole amaphrojekthi okuhlinzeka ngokhonkolo oxutshwe usulungele ukusetshenziswa nangokusimende, umkhiqizi wesisele sikasimende kufanele axazulule ukukhetha phakathi kwesakhiwo esishiselwe nesibhowudiwe ngokwezimo zendawo nohlelo lomsebenzi, alinganise umthamo ngokwesidingo sokuxuba nesikhathi sokufika kwezimpahla, futhi ahlanganise ukugcwalisa ngomoya ocindezelweyo nokukhipha okulinganisiwe kanye nembobo yokukhipha umoya enesihlungi ukuze usimende ungene uphinde uphume ngaphandle kokuvaleka noma kokulahleka kothuli. Hlola igobolondo elide nelincane ukuze libhekane nomoya nokuzamazama komhlaba ngokwezindinganiso zendawo, hlela ndawonye isisekelo namabhawodi okubopha, bese isisele siba yinqolobane ethembekile isikhungo esakhelwe phezu kwayo.
Khuluma nonjiniyela
Esilweni sika-simende, sithumele isidingo sehora ngalinye lika-simende esitshalweni se-batch, izinhlobo zika-simende okufanele zihlukaniswe, ukwakhiwa okukhethwayo okushiseliwe noma okuboshiwe, indawo yomoya nesimo sokuzamazama komhlaba, kanye nezidingo zokudlulisa nokulawula uthuli. Sizobuyisela isiphakamiso somthamo nenani lama-silo, umklamo we-hopper ne-aeration/discharge, incazelo ye-filter-vent, kanye nephakethe lesakhiwo elibhekisela ku-EN 1090 kanye nesisekelo esisebenzayo se-ASCE 7 noma i-EN 1998.
WhatsApp