Amathangi Amanzi Omlilo Aboshiwe Ngamabhawudi vs Aboshiwe Ngokushisela: Izinqumo Zokwakha Nezinto Ezishintshayo
Kwadalwa ngo Ngokwamukisa
Amathangi Amanzi Omlilo Aboshiwe vs Ashiselwe: Izinqumo Zokwakha kanye Nokuhwebelana
Ukukhetha phakathi kwethangi lamanzi okuqeda umlilo eliboshiwe nelishiselwe akunqunywa ukuthanda indlela eyodwa yokwakha kunenye. Kunqunywa isethi yemikhawulo ebekwa indawo: ubukhulu buka-crane okhona nokuthi angama kuphi, ububanzi bendlela yokungena nokuphakama kwembobo yophahla, usuku okufanele kusetshenziswe ngalo uhlelo lokuvikela umlilo, umthamo odingwa ukubalwa, kanye nesisekelo sokuzamazama komhlaba sendawo. Ukwakhiwa okuboshiwe kuyanqoba ngesivinini sokumisa, ngokugcotshwa okusetshenziswa endaweni yefektri elawulwayo, nangekhono lokuhlanganisa ithangi egcekeni elincane nge-crane encane. Ukwakhiwa okushiselwe kuyanqoba ngemithamo emikhulu kakhulu eyodwa, ngezimo zokuma ezingenakufinyelelwa amaphaneli ahlanganisiwe, nangemininingwane eshiselwe ngaphakathi umphetho onamagasketi ongenakulingana nawo. Umehluko ukhona ngokwanele kangangokuthi isicaciso esisho kuphela uhlobo lwethangi nomthamo sishiya izinguquko ezinqumayo zingashiwo, yingakho ukuqhathanisa kufanele kubhalwe njengemigqa nemidwebo kunokuba kube ukuthanda embhalweni wethenda, njengoba kuchaziwe ngethangi lamanzi okuqeda umlilo eliboshiwe nelishiselwe.
Ukuqhathanisa kuqala njengeqoqo lezithiyo, hhayi njengokuthanda
Onjiniyela bafika embuzweni wokubhosha noma wokushisela benombono osevele wakhiwe, futhi umbono ngokuvamile umayelana nokubukeka noma inombolo yezindleko ekhunjulwayo. Indawo yokungena ewusizo kakhulu iwukubhala phansi lokho indawo esevele ikulungisile, ngoba into ngayinye isusa izinketho. Umthamo kanye nokufinyelela kukesi kususa osayizi bamaphaneli angaphezu kwesisindo esithile. Umzila wokungena kanye nendawo yokubeka kususa inani lamaphaneli angeke akwazi ukuphathwa ngesikhathi esisodwa. Usuku lokuthunyelwa kususa uhlelo lokumisa olungeke lukwazi ukuncishiswa ukushisela endaweni. Umthamo kanye nendawo esetshenziswayo kususa izimo zokwakheka ezingangeni, futhi isisekelo sokuzamazama komhlaba sisusa ukwakhiwa okukodwa emathangini amakhulu hhayi kwamancane. Umkhawulo obopha kakhulu ngokuvamile umkhawulo wendawo noma wohlelo, ngakho-ke ukubhala phansi isethi kuxazulula umbuzo ngaphambi kokuba noma yiliphi ithangi lidwetshwe, njengoba kuchaziwe ngokuningiliziwe mayelana nethangi lamanzi omlilo elibhoshwe nelishiselwe.
Ukwakhiwa okuboshiwe: kuyini futhi kuphumelela kuphi
Ithangi lensimbi eliboshiwe lilethwa njengamaphaneli afakwe umbo okwenziwe ekhaya futhi ahlanganiswe endaweni. Amaphaneli akhiwe ngephepha lensimbi, afakwe umbo efektri, futhi axhunywe ngezihlanganisi eziboshiwe ezinama-gasket acindezelwayo ukuze akhe umgoqo woketshezi. I-AWWA D103 ihlanganisa amathangi ensimbi ekhabhoni aboshiwe afakwe umbo efektri okugcinwa kuwo amanzi, kanti i-NFPA 22 yamukela ukwakhiwa okuboshiwe kokugcinwa kwezinto zokuvikela umlilo kwangasese. Imiphumela ilandela indlela yokuhlanganisa. Umsebenzi wasendaweni uyinguxu hhayi ukushisa, ngakho akukho sikhathi sokulinda isimo sezulu sokushisela endaweni futhi akukho ndawo yokumisa yokuhlola ukushisela endaweni, futhi ugobolondo lungakhiwa ngezigaba, okufanele indawo lapho indawo yokugcina ithangi ifinyelelwa ngokudlula ezinye izakhiwo. Isisekelo samaqiniso senkampani sibhala ithangi elilodwa lensimbi elihlanganiswe nengilazi elingaphezu kuka-20,000 m³, ngakho le ndlela ifinyelela amavolumu obekungeke kube nengqondo ukuthi enye indlela yokushisela endaweni endaweni elinganiselwe, njengoba kuchaziwe ngokuningiliziwe mayelana nethangi lamanzi omlilo eliboshiwe nelishiselwe.
Ukwakhiwa okushiselwe: kuyini futhi kuphumelela kuphi
Ithangi lensimbi elishiseliwe lakhiwe ngephepha lensimbi futhi lishiselwa endaweni, noma lishiselwe esikhungweni ngamazinga bese lihlanganiswa endaweni. I-AWWA D100 ihlanganisa amathangi ensimbi ekhabhoni ashiseliwe okugcina amanzi, futhi i-NFPA 22 iyalemukela ukuthi lisebenze ekulweni nomlilo. Isici esiyisisekelo ukuthi ugobolondo luyisakhiwo esixhunyiwe ngokushisela esiqhubekayo esingenazo izihlangu ezinamagaskethi, ngakho-ke ukuma kwalo akukhawulwa usayizi wephaneli, ukufinyelela kokuthathwa kukakhrani, noma inani lamazinga adingwa umthungo onamagaskethi. Lokho kuvula ingxenye enkulu yobubanzi. Ithangi elinomthamo odingekayo omkhulu kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nobubanzi obusebenzayo lingakhiwa njengogobolondo olulodwa olushiselwe esikhundleni samaseli amaningi, okususa izindonga zokuhlukanisa zangaphakathi kanye nezimbobo zokuxhuma ezivuswa ithangi elihlukanisiwe. Elikulahlekelayo uhlelo, njengoba ukushisela endaweni kunezela ukuncika kwesimo sezulu kanye nokuqinisekiswa kwenqubo, njengoba kuchaziwe ngokuningiliziwe mayelana nethangi lamanzi omlilo eliboshiwe nelishiselwe.
I-coating esetshenziswa ngaphansi kokulawulwa uma iqhathaniswa ne-coating esetshenziswa ensimini
Lokhu kunquma inani elimangazayo lamathenda, ngoba kushintsha ukuthi ubani othwala ingozi yephutha lokugcotshwa. Ethangini eliboshwe ngamabhawudi ukugcotshwa kusetshenziswa epuletini eliyisicaba efemini, lapho ukuhlanza ngokudubula, ukujiya kokugcotshwa kanye nokutholwa kwezindawo ezingagcotshwanga kahle kurekhodwa ngepuleti ngalinye futhi iphaneli ihlolwa ngaphambi kokuba ishiye. Ethangini elishiselwe ukugcotshwa kuyiswa endaweni yokusebenza, kusetshenziswa kugobolondo elishiselwe ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo zezulu nezokufinyelela ezivunyelwa indawo. Yingakho ithangi lokugcina amanzi lensimbi elishiselwe ligcotshwa ngaphansi kwe-AWWA D102, elibhekana nezinhlelo zokugcotshwa, ukulungiswa kwendawo kanye nokuhlolwa lapho ukugcotshwa kulandela ukushisela, kuyilapho umkhiqizo oboshwe ngamabhawudi uthwala ukugcotshwa kwawo kwasefemu ngaphansi kwe-AWWA D103. Ithangi eligcotshwe efemini lidinga ukuthi uhlelo lokugcotshwa lushiwowe njengeqoqo: izinga lokulungiswa kwendawo, ukujiya kwefilimu eyomile, indlela yokuthola izindawo ezingagcotshwanga kahle, kanye nenqubo yokulungisa umonakalo wokuthutha, njengoba kuchaziwe ngokuningiliziwe mayelana nethangi lamanzi omlilo eliboshwe ngamabhawudi nelishiselwe.
Ukuphendula kokuzamazama komhlaba: umehluko ukuthambekela, hhayi amandla
Ngaphansi kokulayishwa kwenhlabathi yomhlaba izakhiwo ezimbili zihluka endleleni ezichitha ngayo amandla, futhi umehluko ukuthambekela kokuguquguquka hhayi umthamo. Igobolondo eliboshiwe liwuchungechunge lwamajoyinti okuxhuma anezihlanganisi ezinamagaskethi. Lezo zihlanganisi zivumela ukunyakaza okuncane okulawulwayo, futhi ukukhuhlana nokuhlala kwegaskethi kumunca amandla umjikelezo ngamunye, ngakho-ke igobolondo lingakwazi ukumelana nokunyakaza okukhulu kwenhlabathi ngaphandle kokuqhekeka okubuthakathaka okuqala emjoyintini. Umjoyinti ohlanganiswe ngokugcwele uqinile futhi awunaso leso sivikelo, ngakho-ke ugxilisa ukucindezela ensimbi yokuhlanganisa nasezindaweni ezithintekile ukushisa futhi maningi amathuba okuthi uqhekeke uma uqhutshwa udlula umkhawulo wawo wokunwebeka. Izimfanelo ezimbili zivimbela lokhu ukuba kube umthetho: ithangi elihlanganisiwe lingaklanywa ukuba libe nokuthambekela kokuguquguquka okwanele, futhi imigomo yokuzamazama komhlaba ivela esigabeni sendawo nasesigabeni sokuklama hhayi kusilinganiso sethangi, njengoba kuchaziwe ngokuningiliziwe mayelana nethangi lamanzi okuqeda umlilo eliboshiwe nelihlanganisiwe.
· Imithungo ehlanganisiwe ene-gasket ivumela ukunyakaza okulawulwayo futhi imunca amandla ngokukhuhlana, njengoba kuchaziwe ngethangi lamanzi omlilo elihlanganisiwe nelishiselwe.
· Umgqa wokushisela oqhubekayo ugxilisa ukucindezela emgqeni wokushisela nasezindaweni ezithintekile ukushisa, njengoba kuchaziwe ngethangi lamanzi omlilo eliboshwe ngamabhawodi nelishiselwe.
· Imibandela yokuzamazama komhlaba ivela esigabeni sendawo kanye nesigaba sokuklama, hhayi kumazinga ethangi, njengoba kuchaziwe ngethangi lamanzi omlilo eliboshwe ngamabhawodi nelishiselwe.
· Chaza ngokucacile imininingwane yokubopha kanye nokulindelwa kwayo kokuqina, njengoba kuchaziwe ngethangi lamanzi omlilo eliboshwe ngamabhawodi nelishiselwe.
Imikhawulo yomthamo kanye neyejometri kukho konke ukwakhiwa
Ikhono eliphezulu lokwakha ngamabhawodi liwumkhawulo wezokuthutha hhayi umkhawulo wobunjiniyela. Usayizi wephaneli ukhawulwa ububanzi bephelethi kanye nomugqa wokumboza, isisindo sephaneli sikhawulwa yilokho okukwazi ukuthathwa futhi kubekwe yikhreni yokumisa emkhakheni wokusebenza, futhi inani lezendlalelo ezidingwa yigobolondo ukuze kufinyelelwe ubude obuthile lengeza ukuphathwa nokuhlolwa kwama-gasket kuyo yonke imihlanganiso. Ngakho-ke igobolondo elilodwa elikhulu liba yimbi futhi lihamba kancane ukulihlanganisa kahle ngaphambi nje kokuba kube nokuthile okusengozini yesakhiwo. Umtapo oqinisekisiwe ukhombisa lokho okungafinyelelwa: ithangi elilodwa lama-12,650 m³ ngobubanzi obungu-40.49 m nokuphakama okungu-9.6 m. Ukwakha ngokushisela kunesimo esihlukile: akukho mkhawulo wosayizi wephaneli, kodwa umkhawulo wokukhiqiza emkhakheni, njengoba ithangi elikhulu lisho amamitha amaningi okushisela, ukuhlolwa okuningi, ukulungiswa kwendawo okuningi ngaphambi kokumboza kanye nohlelo olude ngaphambi kokugcwalisa, njengoba kuchaziwe ngamathangi omlilo wamanzi akhiwe ngamabhawodi uma kuqhathaniswa nalawo akhiwe ngokushisela.
Ukufinyelela kokuhlola kanye namalungiselelo angaphakathi akuvumela ukwakhiwa ngakunye
Ithangi elishishelwe liyisitsha esisodwa esiqhubekayo, ngakho-ke umhloli ungena kumthamo owodwa futhi ahlole isethi eyodwa yezindawo zangaphakathi, imishini yokushisela kanye nezingubo zokumboza, akukho donga lokuhlukanisa okufanele lizungezwe futhi akukho mehluko wezinga phakathi kwamaseli okufanele ulungiswe. Ithangi eliboshiwe elihlanganiswe njengamaseli amaningi linodonga lwangaphakathi lokuhlukanisa, futhi isikhala esiyindilinga phakathi kwalolo donga nogqoko kungaba nomoya ophumayo noma cha, futhi yilapho inzika, isikala kanye nesimo sokumboza kunqwabelana khona ngaphandle kokubonakala. Zombili lezi zakhiwo zidinga umkhuba ofanayo: umgwaqo womuntu olinganiselwe ukungena endaweni evaliwe, isitebhisi noma izitebhisi ezinokuvikelwa ekuweni, isivalo sophahla esisebenzayo kanye ne-anchorage eyakhiwe ngobuchwepheshe kuyizinto zokudweba kuzo zombili izimo. Umehluko ukubanzi obengeziwe okudalwa ithangi eliboshiwe elihlukanisiwe, njengoba ukufinyelela kwangaphakathi esikhaleni esiyindilinga kanye nokuhlolwa kokumboza kodonga lokuhlukanisa akudingeki kuqokwethi elilodwa elishishelwe, njengoba kuchaziwe ngokuningiliziwe mayelana nethangi lamanzi omlilo eliboshiwe nelishishelwe.
Uhlelo, izithiyo zesiza kanye nokuqhathanisa okunquma ukukhetha
Ithangi eliboshwe ngamabhawudi lakhiwa ngokuhlanganiswa kwemishini yamaphaneli alungisiwe, ngakho indlela ebucayi ukulethwa kwamaphaneli nokutholakala kwekhreni, futhi ukulandelana kungafinyezwa ngokwengeza iqembu lesibili lokwakha. Ithangi elishiselwe liseka indlela yalo ebucayi ekushiseleni, ekuhloleni okungonakalisiyo nasekugcwaliseni, akukho kukho okufinyezwa ngomzamo ngendlela efanayo, futhi ukugcwalisa kwensimu ngokuvamile kuwumsebenzi owodwa omude kakhulu ngemva komthungo wokugcina. Ohlelweni lokusebenza olunosuku olumisiwe, ngokuvamile lo umehluko oyisinqumo. Ithebula elingezansi libeka izakhiwo ezimbili ngokumelene nemikhawulo enquma ithenda, njengoba kuchaziwe ngokuningiliziwe kwethangi lamanzi omlilo eliboshwe ngamabhawudi nelishiselwe.
Isithiyo | Kuboshiwe | Kushiselwe |
Uhlelo lokumisa | Kufushane; ukuhlanganiswa kwemishini | Kude; ukushisela, ukuhlola, i-coating yensimu |
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-coating | Kusetshenziswe efektri, kuqoshwe ngepaneli ngayinye | Esizeni ngaphansi kwe-AWWA D102 |
Imfuneko yekhreni | Isisindo sephaneli kanye nerediyasi yokuphakamisa | Isisindo sesigaba segobolondo |
Umkhawulo wendlela yokungena | Usayizi wephaneli kufanele udlule | Usayizi weplate kufanele udlule |
Umthamo omkhulu wesisodwa | Uboshwe yi-logistics | Cishe akunamkhawulo |
Ukuziphatha komthungo wokuzamazama komhlaba | Imithungo enegasketi iyanyakaza | Kuqinile; ukunwebeka kuchaziwe |
Ukuhlelwa kwangaphakathi | Izindonga zokuhlukanisa uma zihlukanisiwe | Isitsha esisodwa, izingxenye zangaphakathi ezishiselwe |
Ubufakazi bokwamukelwa | Ukumbozwa kwephaneli ngalinye, irekhodi lokumiswa | Amarekhodi okushisela, ukuhlola, ukumboza |
Imigatshana yesivumelwano ebopha ukukhetha emadokhumentini
Isivumelwano senkontileka sinqunywa yilokho okusibophezela hhayi ngokuthi sichaza ini, ngakho indlela yokwakha kufanele ibhalwe njengezibopho. Izigaba ezine zenza umsebenzi omningi. Esokuqala simisa indlela yokwakha kanye nezinga elisemthethweni elisebenzayo ndawonye, ukuze ukushintshwa kungakwenziwa ngasese. Esokubili simisa uhlelo lokumboza njengengxenye enezinga lokulungiselela ingaphezulu, ukujiya kwefilimu eyomile kanye nendlela yokuthola ama-holiday, kungakhathaliseki indlela. Esokuthathu simisa uhlelo lokumisa ngokumelene nomgomo oshiwo, kanye ne-crane kanye nobubanzi bokusebenza okukhonjwa njengezinto zokufaka umkontileka okufanele aziqinisekise. Esokune simisa irekhodi lokwamukelwa: amarekhodi okumboza kwephaneli ngayinye kanye nokuhlolwa kwama-holiday kanye nerekhodi lokuhlala kwe-gasket noma i-torque yebhawudi lokwakha okubhawudiwe, kanye neziqu zenqubo yokushisela, imiphumela yokuhlolwa kanye nerekhodi lokuhlolwa kokumboza lokwakha okushiselwe. Lezi zigaba zisusa izingxabano ezimbili ezibiza kakhulu esigabeni sokwakha: indlela yokwakha ngokwayo kanye nesimo sokumboza okulethwa, njengoba kuchaziwe ngokuningiliziwe mayelana nethangi lamanzi omlilo elibhawudiwe nelishiselwe.
· Qamba indlela yokwakha kanye nezinga layo ndawonye, ukuze ukufaka esikhundleni kungabi buthule, njengoba kuchaziwe ngokuningiliziwe ngedamu lamanzi omlilo eliboshiwe nelishiseliwe.
· Cacisa uhlelo lokumboza njengokulungiselela, ukujiya kanye nokutholwa kwama-holiday, njengoba kuchaziwe ngokuningiliziwe ngedamu lamanzi omlilo eliboshiwe nelishiseliwe.
· Xhumanisa uhlelo lokumisa nomcimbi ocacisiwe futhi uqambe i-crane njengesinto sokufaka, njengoba kuchaziwe ngokuningiliziwe ngedamu lamanzi omlilo eliboshiwe nelishiseliwe.
· Chaza irekhodi lokwamukelwa kwendlela eshiwo ngempela, njengoba kuchaziwe ngethangi lamanzi omlilo elihlanganisiwe nelishiselwe.
Isifundo Sombandela Wephrojekthi
Inkomba yokulethwa kwale msebenzi, ecashunwe emtatsheni wamaphrojekthi oqinisekisiwe. Izinga lokufanisa C. Ukulethwa kwethangi lensimbi yekhabhoni okucashunwe ukukhombisa ukuthi ikhona indlela yokwakha eboshwe ngokushisela, engeyona yoqweqwe. Usuku lokuqedwa, uhlobo lwophahla kanye nobubanzi bokuhlinzekwa akubhalwanga emtatsheni oqinisekisiwe, ngakho-ke kufakwe njengenkomba yokuqhathanisa kuphela futhi akukho pharamitha evela kuyo efunwayo, njengoba kuchaziwe ngethangi lamanzi omlilo eliboshwe ngamabhawodi nelishiselwe.
I-ID yephrojekthi | Izwe | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Inani lamathangi | Ubukhulu | Ukuqedwa | Ububanzi bokuhlinzeka |
GUA-FIRE-0162 | Guyana | Ithangi Lensimbi Yekhabhoni | 162 m3 | 1 | φ5.35 × 7.2 m (Ukuphakama) | Akukho okuqoshiwe emthonjeni okhona | Akukho okuqoshiwe |
Ukulethwa kwethangi lensimbi yekhabhoni okucashunwe ukukhombisa ukuthi ikhona indlela yokwakha eboshwe ngokushisela, engeyona yoqweqwe. Usuku lokuphela, uhlobo lwophahla kanye nobubanzi bokuhlinzekwa akukabhalwa kulabhulali eqinisekisiwe, ngakho kufakwe njengereferensi yokuqhathanisa kuphela futhi akukho pharamitha evela kuyo efakazwayo, njengoba kuchaziwe ngethangi lamanzi omlilo eliboshwe ngamabhawodi nelishiselwe.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1. Yini ehlukanisa ngokuyisisekelo ukwakhiwa okushiselwe nokuboshwe ngamabhawodi?
Umhlangano wegobolondo. Ithangi eliboshwe ngamabhawodi lihlanganiswa ngamaphaneli aqoshiwe axhunywe ngezihlanganisi ezinamagaskethi, ngakho ukuma kwalo kukhawulwa usayizi wephaneli, isisindo sokuthwala ikhreni kanye nenani lamazinga egobolondo. Ithangi elishiselwe liyisakhiwo esiqhubekayo esishiselwe, ngakho ukuma kwalo akukhawulwa usayizi wephaneli, njengoba kuchaziwe ngethangi lamanzi omlilo eliboshwe ngamabhawodi nelishiselwe.
Umbuzo 2. Kungani iqweqwe elifakwe efektri liwumehluko obalulekile?
Ngoba kuhambisa i-coating isuka ku-curved field shell iye ku-flat factory plate. Ukulungiswa kwendawo, ukujiya kwe-coating kanye nokutholwa kwama-holiday kungaqoshwa ngephaneli ngayinye ngaphambi kokuthi iphaneli ishiye ifekthri, lapho izinkinga zilungiswa khona ngaphambi kokumiswa. Ku-tank e-welded e-coated ensimini umsebenzi ofanayo wenzeka endaweni ngaphansi kwemikhawulo yesimo sezulu nokufinyelela, futhi kucaciswa ngaphansi kwe-AWWA D102 hhayi i-D103, njengoba kuchaziwe ku-bolted vs welded fire water tank.
Umbuzo 3. Kungani lezi zakhiwo ezimbili ziziphatha ngendlela ehlukile ekuzamazameni komhlaba?
Umehluko ukuthambekela, hhayi amandla. Umthungo ohlanganisiwe one-gasket uvumela ukunyakaza okuncane okulawulwayo futhi ukungqubuzana emthungweni kumunca amandla ngomjikelezo ngamunye, kuyilapho umthungo ohlanganisiwe oqhubekayo uqinile futhi ugxilisa ukucindezela ensimbini yomthungo nasezindaweni ezithintekile ukushisa. Imibandela yokuzamazama komhlaba ivela esigabeni sendawo kanye nesigaba sokuklama, ngakho-ke ukubekwa kwezinsimbi zokubopha kanye nemininingwane yemithungo yikho okufanele kudingwe yisimiso sokucacisa, njengoba kuchaziwe ngokuningiliziwe mayelana nethangi lamanzi omlilo elihlanganisiwe nelithungiwe.
Umbuzo 4. Ngaphezu komthamo ongakanani amathangi aboshiwe ayeka ukusebenza ngendlela efanele?
Awekho umkhawulo womthamo kunoma yiluphi uhlobo olujwayelekile; umkhawulo uhlobene nokuhleleka futhi ushintsha ngokwendawo. Usayizi wephaneli ukhawulwa ulayini wokumboza nobubanzi becwecwe, isisindo sephaneli sikhawulwa ukuthwala kukakheshi nendawo, futhi ukuphakama kwegobolondo kukhawulwa inani lemigqa kanye nokuhlolwa kwegesi kuyo yonke imihlanganiselwa. Umbuzo osebenzayo uhlala uyinhlelo nokufinyelela, njengoba kuchaziwe ngokuningiliziwe mayelana nethangi lamanzi omlilo eliboshiwe nelishiselwe.
Umbuzo 5. Ukufinyelela kokuhlola kwangaphakathi kuhluke kanjani phakathi kwazo?
Ithangi elidayisiwe liyisitsha esisodwa esiqhubekayo, ngakho umhloli ungena endaweni eyodwa engenalo udonga oluhlukanisayo angazulazula ngalo. Ithangi eliboshiwe elihlukaniswe ngamaseli linodonga lwangaphakathi oluhlukanisayo kanye nesikhala esiyindilinga phakathi kwalolo donga nogqoko, okudinga ukufinyelela kwaso, ukuhlolwa kwekhodi kanye nendlela yokuphefumula okufanele ihlolwe. Leso sikhala esiyindilinga yilapho inzika kanye nesimo sekhodi kunqwabelana khona kungabonakali, njengoba kuchaziwe ngethangi lamanzi omlilo eliboshiwe nelidayisiwe.
Umbuzo 6. Yiluphi ukwakhiwa olufanele uhlelo olunosuku olucinene?
Ukwakhiwa okuboshiwe ngokuvamile kuyindlela esheshayo, ngoba ukumiswa kuwukuhlanganiswa kwemishini yamaphaneli alungisiwe futhi indlela ebalulekile ukulethwa kwamaphaneli nokutholakala kwe-crane kune-welding. I-welding yasensimini, ukuhlolwa okungonakalisiyo kanye nokugcotshwa kwendawo kuyalandelana futhi kunzima ukukunciphisa. Lokhu kucabanga ukuthi i-crane nendawo yokubeka ziyasebenza kumaphaneli, okufanele ukucaciso kudinga ukuthi usonkontileka aqinisekise, njengoba kuchaziwe ngokuningiliziwe mayelana nethangi lamanzi omlilo eliboshiwe neli-welding.
Umbuzo 7. Iphrojekthi enkulu kakhulu ivame ukunqunywa kanjani?
Kubhendi yomthamo, ukuhlelwa kokuhlukanisa kanye nohlelo, hhayi emthethweni owodwa. Lapho umthamo odingekayo mkhulu kakhulu, ukukhetha ngokuvamile kuba phakathi kwegobolondo elilodwa elikhulu elishiselwe kanye namagobolondo amaningi aboshiwe anokuxhumana okuklanyelwe, futhi izinto ezinqumayo umthwalo wesisekelo ngeseli ngayinye, inani lamagobolondo isiza esingawabamba kanye nomthamo wekhrini, njengoba kuchaziwe ngamagobolondo aboshiwe ngokuqhathaniswa nethangi lamanzi omlilo elishiselwe.
Umbuzo 8. Yimiphi imigatshana okufanele ibophe ukukhetha esivumelwaneni?
Okune: indlela yokwakha kanye nezinga layo elibizwa ndawonye ukuze ukufaka esikhundleni kungabi buthule; uhlelo lokumboza olucaciswe njengezinga lokulungiselela, ukujiya kwefilimu eyomile kanye nendlela yokuthola ama-holiday; uhlelo lokumisa oluxhunywe emkhakheni womcimbi ocacisiwe kanye ne-crane kanye ne-radius yokusebenza okukhonjwe njengezinto zokufaka zokuqinisekisa; kanye nerekhodi lokwamukela elichazwe endleleni ecacisiwe, njengoba kuchaziwe ngokuningiliziwe ngedamu lamanzi omlilo eliboshiwe nelishiseliwe.
Amathangi amanzi okuqeda umlilo aboshiwe futhi ashiselwe womabili ayizimpendulo ezisemthethweni ku-NFPA 22, futhi isinqumo phakathi kwawo sibekwa yisethi yemikhawulo kunokuba kube ukuthanda. Ukwakhiwa okuboshiwe kuyanqoba lapho isivinini sokumisa sibalulekile, lapho i-coating kufanele isetshenziswe ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwefekthri, nanglapho i-crane nomzila wokufinyelela kukhawulela khona igobolondo elingahlanganiswa. Ukwakhiwa okushiselwe kuyanqoba kumavolumu amakhulu kakhulu angawodwa, lapho i-geometry namalungiselelo angaphakathi adinga isitsha esiqhubekayo, nanglapho uhlelo lungakwazi ukumunca ukushisela kwensimu ne-coating yendawo. Isinqumo okufanele sithathwe ngaphambi kwethenda ukukhomba ukuthi yimuphi umkhawulo obopha kakhulu, bese kubhalwa indlela yokwakha, uhlelo lwe-coating, isigaba sokumisa kanye nerekhodi lokwamukela emadokhumentini ethenda njengezibopho, ukuze umphumela unqunywe yisiza, njengoba kuchaziwe ngokuningiliziwe mayelana nethangi lamanzi okuqeda umlilo eliboshiwe nelishiselwe.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Ukuze uqhathanise ithangi lamanzi okucisha umlilo eliboshwe ngezibophezele noma elishiselwe, thumela umthamo osebenzayo odingekayo kanye nesikhathi esidingekayo, indawo yesiza enobubanzi obukhulu besikhumba kanye nokuphakama okutholakalayo, umthamo wekreni kanye nendawo yokusebenza endaweni yethangi, umkhawulo wobubanzi nokuphakama kwendlela yokungena, isigaba sokuqalisa ukusebenza, isigaba sesiza sokuzamazama komhlaba kanye nesigaba sokuklama, amanzi azogcinwa kanye nobubanzi bokuhlinzeka obudingekayo okuhlanganisa izinto ezisizayo kanye nophahla. Sizobuyisela uqhathaniso lwesinqamuleli ngasinye sakho kokubili ukwakhiwa, ijometri eletha umthamo ngaphakathi kwaleyo mikhawulo, irekhodi lokumboza nokwamukelwa okukhiqizwa yindlela ngayinye, kanye nemibandela yenkontileka ebeka indlela yokwakhiwa kumadokhumenti okubhida, njengoba kuchaziwe ngokuningiliziwe mayelana nethangi lamanzi okucisha umlilo eliboshwe ngezibophezele nelishiselwe.
Mayelana ne-Center Enamel
I-Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd (Center Enamel) ingumkhiqizi ochwepheshe ozinikele ekuklameni nasekwakheni amathangi okugcina axhunywe ngamabhawudi kusukela ngo-2008. Uhlu lwemikhiqizo luhlanganisa amathangi e-Glass-Fused-to-Steel (GFS), amathangi e-Fusion-Bonded Epoxy (FBE), amathangi ensimbi engagqwali, amathangi ensimbi e-galvanized kanye nophahla lwe-aluminium geodesic dome, kanye nokwesekwa kobuchwepheshe be-EPC kanye nezinsiza zamathangi. Ukukhiqizwa kwenzeka ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001, ISO 14001 kanye ne-ISO 45001, futhi uhlu lwemikhiqizo luqinisekisiwe nge-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, CE kanye ne-EN 1090, ISO 28765, AWWA D103-09 kanye ne-NFPA lapho isicelo sidinga khona. Inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi e-enameling acishe abe ngu-200, isebenzisa isizinda sokukhiqiza esingama-150,000 m2, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi e-enamel-coated angama-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ithumele amathangi emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Ikhono lokuklama kobunjiniyela lihlanganisa umthamo wamathangi afinyelela ku-60,000 m3, njengoba kuchaziwe ngokuningiliziwe mayelana nethangi lamanzi omlilo elixhunywe ngamabhawudi nelishiselwayo.
Imithombo Nokunye Ukufunda
· AWWA D103-09, Amathangi Wensimbi Ekhabhoni Ahlanganisiwe Asebenzisiwe Efeni Lokugcina Amanzi — ububanzi bethangi elihlanganisiwe, izinto zokwakha, ukuklanywa kwesakhiwo kanye nezidingo zokumiswa.
· AWWA D100, Amathangi Wensimbi Ekhabhoni Ashiselwe Ukugcina Amanzi — ububanzi bethangi elishiselwe kanye nezinga lomkhiqizo elihambisanayo elisetshenziswe ekuqhathaniseni.
· AWWA D102, Izinhlelo Zokufaka Izingubo Zamanzi Eshiswayo Wensimbi Yokugcina Amanzi — izinga lokufaka izingubo lasensimini elisebenza lapho ukufaka izingubo kudlulela endaweni kanye nokushisela.
· NFPA 22, Indinganiso Yamathangi Amanzi Okuvikela Umlilo Wangasese (uhlelo lwamanje) — ukwamukelwa kwazo zombili izinhlobo zokwakha yokugcina okuvikela umlilo wangasese.
· ASCE 7 — imithwalo yokuklama encane kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwendawo kanye nesigaba sokuklama esibeka imibandela yokuzamazama komhlaba yokubhekwa kokuboshwa kanye nomphetho.
· Umtapo wamaphrojekthi oqinisekisiwe we-Center Enamel — ithangi lensimbi yekhabhoni yaseGuyana, 162 m³, ithangi eli-1, φ5.35 × 7.2 m (H); uhlobo lwophahla, usuku lokuqedwa kanye nobubanzi bokuhlinzekwa akukarekhodwa emthonjeni okhona, ngakho-ke kucashunwa kuphela njengobufakazi bokuthi ikhona indlela yokwakha ngensimbi yekhabhoni engeyona ye-enamel.
· Isisekelo samaqiniso enkampani i-Center Enamel — ithangi elilodwa lensimbi elihlanganiswe ngengilazi elingaphezu kuka-20,000 m³, ikhono lokuklama kobunjiniyela eliya kufika ku-60,000 m³, ukukhiqizwa kwaminyaka yonke kwamapuleti angaba ngu-300,000 ahlanganiswe nge-enamel kanye namaphrojekthi afakiwe aqediwe angaphezu kuka-30,000.
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