Umkhiqizi Wendawo Yokugcina I-Biomass: Ukuphatha Ama-Pellet Ne-Biomass Eyiningi
Kwadalwa ngo Ngokwamukisa
Umkhiqizi Wesilo Sokugcina I-Biomass: Ukuphatha Ama-Pellet Ne-Biomass Eyinqwaba
Umenzi we-silo yokugcina i-biomass kufanele aklame izinto zokubasa ezimbili ezihluke kakhulu — ama-pellet okhuni aminyene, agelezayo kalula kanye ne-bulk biomass eguquguqukayo, evamise ukuba manzi njengama-chip okhuni — kanye nasezinsongweni zokuphepha zombili ezizithwalayo: ukubola okubangelwa umswakama, ukushisa okuzenzakalelayo okuvela emisebenzini yezinto eziphilayo, kanye nengozi yokuqhuma kothuli oluvuthayo okubhekwa kuyo ngokucabanga kwe-ATEX / NFPA 68 / EN 14491. Ama-pellet adinga i-silo evaliwe ehlanzekile, enothuli oluncane enokukhishwa okulinganiselwe; ama-chip amaningi adinga i-silo enkulu, evamise ukuba ne-aeration noma i-live-bottom ekwazi ukuphatha izinto ezimahhadlahhadla, ezixhumanisayo kanye nomswakama ophezulu. I-silo icaciswa ngokusekelwe ezintweni zezinto, i-inerting noma i-venting yokuvikela ukuqhuma, ukuqapha izinga lokushisa kwezindawo ezishisayo, kanye nokuhlolwa kwesakhiwo ngokusekelwe emoyeni wendawo kanye nesisekelo sokuzamazama komhlaba.
Ukugcinwa kwe-biomass kubonakala kukuhle eduze kwesilo sikasimende, kodwa ama-pellets okhuni namachips kungamafutha aphilayo: ayaphefumula, ayashisa futhi angazitshisa, futhi uthuli lwawo lungaqhuma. Isilo esigcina ama-pellets njengokudla okuziwayo namachips njengama-aggregates sikhanga ukubola, umlilo noma ukuqhuma kothuli okuthatha isitshalo sonke. Abathengi abacacisa ukugcinwa kwe-biomass ngentengo ngetoni, ngaphandle kwesivikelo sokuphepha, bathenga ingozi. Le ndatshana ikhuluma ngendlela isilo sokugcina i-biomass esakhiwe ngayo ukwenzela ama-pellets, i-biomass eningi, kanye nezingozi zokusha nokuqhuma zombili ezikhona.
Ama-Pellet Ne-Biomass Eyinqwaba Yizinto Ezihlukene Ezinamasilo Ahlukene
Ama-pellet okhuni ne-biomass eyinqwaba (ama-chips, i-hog fuel, i-miscanthus) zidonsa ukwakheka kwesilo ezinhlangothini eziphambene — ama-pellet aziphatha njengento ehlanzekile egeleza ngokukhululeka, kuyilapho i-biomass eyinqwaba iyinto enqwabayo, emanzi, ehlanganisayo — ngakho ukwakheka kwesilo nokuphuma kwayo kulandela amafutha. Ukwakheka okukodwa akukwazi ukusebenzela kokubili kahle.
· Ama-pellet okhuni. Aminyene, afanayo, anomswakama ophansi, ageleza ngokukhululeka; agcinwa njengento eyomile eyinhlayiyana esilo elivaliwe, elilawulwa uthuli elinomkhiqizo olinganiselwe.
· I-biomass eningi / ama-chip. Umswakama omaholo, oguquguqukayo, onemicu, oxhumanisayo; igcinwa ku-silo enkulu ene-live bottom, i-agitator noma i-chain reclaim ukuhambisa into engasoze igeleze ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi.
· Umphumela. Ama-silo e-pellet made futhi aqinile; ama-silo e-chip amfishane futhi abanzi anokukhishwa komshini, ngoba ama-chip awaphumi ku-cone.
Ukuhlaziywa kukaphethiloli — umswakama, usayizi wezinhlayiya, ukuminyana kobuningi — kuyisilinganiso sokuqala sokufakwayo.
Ukulawula Umswakama Nokuvimbela Ukushiswa Okuzenzakalelayo Kuwukuphepha, Hhayi Ikhwalithi
I-biomass ishisa ngokuphefumula nokusebenza kwama-microbe, futhi umswakama obanjiwe uyasheshisa, ngakho i-silo yakhelwe ukugcina uphethiloli womile nokuthola izindawo ezishisayo ngaphambi kokuba zibe umlilo — lolu wuhlelo lokuvikela ukuphila, hhayi into yokuhlanza indlu. Ama-pellet ikakhulukazi akhipha umoya futhi azishisisa ku-silo evaliwe nefudumele.
Ingozi | Imbangela | Impendulo yokwakheka kwe-silo |
Ukuzishisisa | Umuswakama + umsebenzi wezinto eziphilayo | Amafutha avaliwe, anomoya, omile; izintambo zokushisa |
Umlilo wendawo eshisayo | Ukushisa kwendawo ethile okungabonwanga | Ukuqapha amazinga okushisa ezindaweni eziningi + isexwayiso |
Ukukhishwa kwegesi | Ukuphefumula kwama-pellet esilweni esivaliwe | Ukungena komoya okulawulwayo, akukho ukuvalelwa okungaphephile |
Ukubola | Ukungena komswakama | Uphahla oluvaliwe, ukulawula ukujiya |
Izintambo zokuqapha izinga lokushisa ezidlula kukholomu yamafutha zinikeza isixwayiso sangaphambi kwesikhathi; isakhiwo sigcinwa somile ukuze umshayeli webhayoloji alambile.
Ukuvikelwa Ekuqhumeni: I-ATEX, NFPA 68 Ne-EN 14491 Ukucabanga
Womabili amapellets nothuli lwawo kuyasha, ngakho isilo sinezinhlinzeko zokuvikela ukuqhuma — ukukhipha umoya, ukufaka into engasebenzi noma ukuhlukanisa — okubhekiselwa ku-ATEX / NFPA 68 / EN 14491 njengoba isicelo sidinga, futhi lezi ziklanyelwe, aziboshelwanga nje. Ungqimba lothuli esilweni noma kusihlungi luyisandulela sokuqhuma.
· Ukukhipha umoya kokuqhuma. Amaphaneli aqhumayo anobukhulu bokukhipha i-deflagration endaweni ephephile; indawo yephaneli ilandela umthamo wesitsha nezici zokuqhuma zothuli.
· Ukufaka into engasebenzi. Lapho amafutha nenqubo kuvuma khona, i-nitrogen noma enye into engasebenzi emboza i-oxidant ukuze ukushisa kungakwazi ukusabalala.
· Ukuhlukanisa. Ama-valve ajikelezayo noma ama-flap valve avimba ilangabi nengcindezi ukuba kudlule kwesuka esilweni kuya emishinini exhunyiwe.
· Ukuqoqwa kothuli. Isihlungi esilinganiselwe emoyeni esiphumayo sivimbela ukuthi ungqimba oluqhunyukayo lungaqongeleki; kuqashwa ukwehla kwengcindezi.
Umhlinzeki usho umyalelo ofanele (i-ATEX e-EU, i-NFPA 68 / EN 14491 okubhekiselwa kuyo) futhi uklama amaphaneli nokuhlukanisa ngokwayo; i-athikili ayiqambi isilinganiso esithile esigunyaziwe.
Ukukhishwa Nokukhishwa Ngohlobo Lwamafutha
Ama-pellets akalwa ngokuhlanzekile; i-biomass eningi ibuyiselwa ngomshini, ngakho-ke imishini yokukhipha ikhethwa ngokwamafutha, futhi ukukhishwa kwama-pellets anothuli kufakwa ngaphakathi ukuze kuncishiswe izingqimba eziqhunyukayo. Isitoreji sibalulekile kuphela lapho amafutha efika kubhayela.
· Ama-pellets. I-valve ejikelezayo noma isikulufu ngaphansi kwesigaxa, okulinganiswa kusistimu yokudla; ukudluliswa okuvalekile kunciphisa uthuli.
· I-biomass eningi. I-live bottom, ukubuyiswa ngesikulufu, i-chain noma i-drag conveyor, noma iphansi le-agitator lezinto ezinemicu ezingagelezi.
· Ukungena komoya / ukuvimbela ukunqwabelana. Izikhali zomoya noma izinto ezisebenza emabhini zephula ukunqwabelana kwe-biomass ehlangene; kuma-chip, ukunyakaziswa kwemishini kuyabusa.
Ukulinganisa ukuphuma nophethiloli kugwema ukwehluleka "isilo esigcwele, i-boiler elambile" okuhlupha izitshalo ze-biomass.
Ukuhlolwa Kwesakhiwo Nokuzamazama Komhlaba KweSilo Esikhulu, Esivame Ukuba Sifushane
Amasilo e-biomass avame ukuba mafushane futhi abanzi (ikakhulukazi izindawo zokugcina ama-chip) noma made ama-pellet, futhi womabili ahlolwa umoya nokuzamazama komhlaba ngokwesisekelo sendawo kanti isisekelo sithwala umthwalo ophilayo nowofile. Ama-chip alula kodwa anvolumu enkulu; ama-pellet aminyene.
· Umoya (ASCE 7 / EN 1991-1-4). Ukugoba nokugingqika; izindawo zokugcina ezibanzi zidinga ukuhlolwa kokuphakanyiswa nokushibilika.
· Ukuzamazama komhlaba (ASCE 7 / EN 1998-4). I-inertia kugobolondo nophethiloli; ama-anchor ne-ring beam kuthwala i-shear nokuphakanyiswa.
· Isisekelo. Iringi yodonga noma i-rafti elinganiswe ngokukhuluphala nendawo; ukulawulwa kokuhlala kwezinto kubalulekile ezitolo ezibanzi.
Umkhiqizi uxhumanisa uhlelo lwamaphaneli, izindawo zokuqhuma kanye nama-ankha ukuze ukuphepha nesakhiwo kuvumelane.
Icala Lomsebenzi
Ireferensi yendawo yokugcina i-biomass ezinikezelwe ayikakabi yingxenye yephothifoliyo elethiwe, ngakho-ke le ndatshana ibhalwe njengomhlahlandlela wobunjiniyela hhayi njengesicaphuno sephrojekthi. Ikhono lenkampani lokuhlinzeka ngama-silo omile we-dry-bulk aboshiwe likhonjiswa ngamaphrojekthi amathangi aboshiwe alethiwe njenge-India GFS fire-protection reservoir (amathangi angu-3, 12,261 m³, 2024-06) kanye ne-Singapore GFS installation (amathangi angu-2, 1,666 m³, 2026-01), akhiwe ngamazinga afanayo amathangi aboshiwe. Lawo mareferensi okuzivikela emlilweni acashunwa kuphela njengomongo wekhono, hhayi njengokufakwa kwama-silo e-biomass.
Ikhono Lobunjini bakwa-Center Enamel
UCenter Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isungule futhi yakha amathangi okugcina anezibophezelo kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi ensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingama-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe umthamo wokukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, i-WRAS, i-FDA, i-LFGB, i-CE (EN 1090), i-ISO 28765, i-FM, i-BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukuklama kubhekiselwa ku-ISO 28765, EN 1090, ASCE 7, EN 1991-1-4 ne-EN 1998-4 lapho ukusetshenziswa kudinga khona.
Ekugcineni kwe-biomass inkampani ihlinzeka ngamasilo ensimbi aboshiwe anokukhishwa okuhambisana nophethiloli (i-live bottom, isikulufu noma i-valve ejikelezayo), ukuxhumana kokuqapha izinga lokushisa, ukwakhiwa okuvaliwe kokukhipha umoya/izinto zokufaka i-inert ngokucabanga kwe-ATEX / NFPA 68 / EN 14491, kanye nephakethe lamaphaneli, iziqinisi kanye nama-ankha okuxhumaniswe nesisekelo somthetho wephrojekthi.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Ingabe isilo esisodwa singagcina kokubili ama-pellets nama-chips?
Impendulo 1: Hhayi kahle. Ama-pellets ageleza ngokukhululekile futhi alinganiswa kusuka ku-cone; ama-chips akhulu, amanzi futhi ayahlangana futhi adinga isilo esibanzi esinokubuyiselwa kwe-live-bottom ngomshini. Uphethiloli udinga i-geometry ehlukile nokukhishwa okuhlukile.
Umbuzo 2: Kungani ukushisa okuzenzakalelayo kuyinkinga ye-silo?
Impendulo 2: I-biomass iyaphefumula futhi izishisise, okusheshiswa umswakama; i-silo evaliwe nefudumele ibamba lokho kushisa. Ukuqapha izinga lokushisa kuwo wonke umuthi kukunikeza isexwayiso sangaphambi kokuba indawo eshisayo ibe umlilo.
Umbuzo 3: Yikuphi ukuvikelwa kokuqhuma okusebenzayo?
Impendulo 3: Uthuli oluvuthayo lubhekwa ngokukhipha umoya, ukufaka izinto ezingashi noma ukuhlukanisa okubhekiswe ku-ATEX (EU) / NFPA 68 / EN 14491 njengoba isicelo sidinga; umhlinzeki wakha amaphaneli nokuhlukanisa ngokwesisekelo esisebenzayo, hhayi isimangalo esijwayelekile.
Umbuzo 4: Uthuli lulawulwa kanjani?
A4: Isihlungi somoya esilinganiselwe esisebhodini lokuphefumula kanye nomkhawulo wokudluliswa kwama-pellet okuvalelwe kunciphisa izingqimba zothuli eziqhumayo; ukuqapha ukwehla kwengcindezi kuqinisekisa ukuthi isihlungi sisebenza kahle.
Q5: Yimiphi imigomo elawula isakhiwo?
A5: Umoya ku-ASCE 7 / EN 1991-1-4 kanye nokuzamazama komhlaba ku-ASCE 7 / EN 1998-4, namacala angenalutho nagcwele ahlolwayo; isisekelo sithwala umthwalo oqondile, wokugingqika kanye nowokuphakama.
Q6: Ama-chip akhishwa kanjani uma engagelezi?
A6: Nge-live bottom, i-screw noma i-chain reclaim, i-agitator floor noma i-bin activator; ama-air cannon asiza i-biomass enamathelayo, kodwa ukukhishwa komshini kuyabusa kuma-chip anemicu.
Umbuzo 7: Yini umhlinzeki ayiletha ngaphezu kwegobolondo?
Ukukhishwa okuhambisana nophethiloli, isixhumi sokuhlola izinga lokushisa, ukwakhiwa okuvaliwe kokukhipha umoya/ukufaka i-inert ngokwesisekelo esisebenzayo sokuvikela ukuqhuma, kanye nephakethe elihlanganisiwe lokuqinisa/okubopha.
Umenzi wesilo sokugcina i-biomass uklama ngasikhathi sinye i-fuel kanye nezingozi: ama-pellet esilweni esihlanzekile, esilinganiselwe, nesilawulwa uthuli; ama-chip amaningi esitolo esibanzi, esilulandwa ngomshini; futhi kokubili kugoqwe ngokulawulwa komswakama, ukuqapha izinga lokushisa kanye nokuvikelwa kokuqhuma okubhekiswe ku-ATEX / NFPA 68 / EN 14491. Gcina i-fuel yomile, thola ukushisa, khipha noma faka i-inert uthuli, futhi hlola isakhiwo somoya nokuzamazama komhlaba njengephakethe elilodwa, bese isilo sidla i-boiler ngokuphepha esikhundleni sokusongela isitshalo.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Esilweni sokugcina i-biomass, sithumelele uphethiloli (ama-pellet, ama-chip noma okunye), umswakama, usayizi wezinhlayiya kanye nokuminyana kwesisindo, umthamo kanye nendawo, isisekelo esisebenzayo sokuvikela ukuqhuma (ATEX / NFPA 68 / EN 14491), kanye nendawo yomoya/ukuzamazama komhlaba. Sizobuyisela ukukhethwa kwesilo okuhambisana nophethiloli, idizayini yokukhishwa/ukubuyisela, iphakethe lokuhlola izinga lokushisa nokukhipha umoya/ukufaka i-inert, kanye nedizayini yesakhiwo ebhekiswe ku-EN 1090 kanye nesisekelo esisebenzayo se-ASCE 7 noma i-EN 1998.
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