I-ASCE 7 Tank Seismic Design: Imithwalo, Ama-Anchor Nemibhalo Yesakhiwo
Kwadalwa ngo Ngokwamukisa
Idizayini Yokuzamazama Komhlaba ye-ASCE 7 Yemithangi Yokugcina Amanzi
Ukuklanywa kokuzamazama komhlaba kwethangi lamanzi akusona isinqumo umhlinzeki wethangi asithathayo; yisinqumo umnikazi wendawo asithatha emadokhumentini adlulisiwe. I-ASCE 7 ithatha ithangi njengesakhiwo esingeyona indlu ngaphansi kweSahluko 15 hhayi njengengxenye engesiyo yesakhiwo ngaphansi kweSahluko 13, ngoba ithangi liphendula ukuzamazama komhlaba njengesakhiwo esinobukhulu, indawo ekhululekile, ukuboshelwa kanye negobolondo, hhayi njengempahla elengiswe esakhiweni. Izingxenye ezimbili zokuzamazama zisebenza kulo: ingxenye eshayayo ekhiqizwa ubukhulu bamanzi negobolondo oluhamba nomhlabathi, kanye nengxenye eguquguqukayo ekhiqizwa amanzi anyikinyayo phezulu. Ukunyakaza kwamanzi yingakho indawo ekhululekile iyisidingo sokuzamazama komhlaba hhayi umkhuba nje, futhi ukuboshelwa yingakho i-ankha enkulu kakhulu iyimpendulo embi, ngoba i-ankha iyadingeka ukuthi inikeze futhi ithuthukise ukunwebeka ngaphambi kokuba igobolondo lenze kanjalo futhi ukhonkolo kufanele uthuthukise lawo mandla kulo lonke ukushumeka. Le ndatshana ibeka izingxenye ezimbili, isidingo sendawo ekhululekile, ukunwebeka kokuboshelwa, ukwehluleka okuvimbwa ukuguquguquka kwamapayipi, ukuhlolwa kweskirt nezisekelo, okokufaka umnikazi wendawo okufanele akunikeze, okungaphansi kobubanzi bomhlinzeki wethangi, kanye nokuxhumana kwe-geotechnical okuvala umjikelezo wokuklanywa kokuzamazama komhlaba kwethangi le-ASCE 7.
Kungani ithangi liyisakhiwo esingesona isakhiwo, hhayi ingxenye engesona isakhiwo
Ithangi lamanzi alisona sici esilengayo esakhiweni. Liyisakhiwo esinobukhulu obukhulu, indawo ekhululekile, igobolondo elithwala lobo bukhulu, kanye ne-anchorji edlulisela konke emhlabathini. I-ASCE 7 Isahluko 15 sithatha amathangi nemikhumbi njengezakhiwo ezingezona izakhiwo futhi sinikeza izinhlinzeko zokuzamazama komhlaba ezibonisa indlela ezisabela ngayo. Isahluko 13 silawula izinto ezingezona izakhiwo ezakhiweni, lapho isidingo siyisici sokukhulisa ingxenye ezingeni lokusekela. Ukusebenzisa indlela yeSahluko 13 kukhiqiza isidingo esingenalo incazelo yomzimba, futhi ithangi elakhiwe ngale ndlela lizodlula ekuhlolweni komthamo we-anchorji kuyilapho lihluleka kulokho okubalulekile ekuklanyweni kwezokuzamazama komhlaba kwethangi le-asce 7
Izingxenye ezimbili zokuzamazama komhlaba ezisebenza kuthangi
Izingxenye ze-impulsive ne-convective zibalwa ngokwehlukana ngoba zisebenza ngezikhathi ezihlukene futhi zikhiqiza izimfuno ezihlukene. Ingxenye ye-impulsive iwukuphendula kwesikhathi esifushane okukhiqizwa ubukhulu besigobho namanzi ahamba nayo, futhi ilawula ingcindezi ye-hoop esigobheni, umthwalo we-axial we-anchor kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-buckling. Ingxenye ye-convective iwukuphendula kwesikhathi eside okuvela ekugxumeni kwamanzi phezu kwendawo, futhi ilawula i-freeboard kanye nomthwalo wophahla. Idizayini ebika isidingo esisodwa sokuzamazama komhlaba ibike eyodwa kuphela kulezi ezimbili zedizayini yokuzamazama komhlaba yethangi ye-asce 7
Isici | Ingxenye yomfutho | Ingxenye yokugeleza |
Kugqugquzelwa yi | Igobolondo kanye nesisindo soketshezi oluhamba nomhlabathi | Ukugwedla kuketshezi phezu kwendawo ekhululekile |
Isikhathi | Esifushane, eduze nesikhathi semvelo segobolondo noketshezi | Eside, imizuzwana yethangi elikhulu |
Ilawula | Ukucindezela kwesigaxa, umthwalo we-axial we-anchor, ukugobeka | I-freeboard, izinga loketshezi, umthwalo wophahla |
Kuhlolwe ku | Idizayini yegobolondo ne-anchor | Ukubalwa kwe-freeboard, ukwamukelwa kophahla |
Ukushelela nokuthi kungani i-freeboard iyimfuneko yokuzamazama komhlaba
Ukushelela ingxenye yenkinga yokuzamazama komhlaba evame ukushiyelwa encwadini yomdwebo. Lapho amanzi ehamba akhuphuka ohlangothini olulodwa lwethangi futhi ehla kolunye, futhi ukuphakama kwegagasi kuncike kububanzi bethangi, ukujula kwamanzi nokuqina kokunyakaza. Uma i-freeboard incane kunegagasi, amanzi afinyelela ophahleni olulinganiselwe umthwalo wokufa nokuphakanyiswa okuncane, futhi isivunguvungu esodongeni sehlisa izinga phakathi nendawo ngokwedizayini yokuzamazama komhlaba kwethangi ye-asce 7
Ngakho-ke i-freeboard iwumphumela wokuklama kwe-seismic esikhundleni sesibonelelo esivamile. Ukuphakama kwe-sloshing kufanele kubalwe kusukela engxenyeni ye-convective futhi kwengezwe ezingeni loketshezi lokuklama, futhi kuhlolwe ngokuqhathaniswa nophahla. I-freeboard ebekwe njengengxenye engaguquki yobude bethangi ikhiqiza ithangi eligcwele ngempumelelo esikhathini sokuzamazama komhlaba kokuklama kwe-seismic yethangi le-asce 7
Ukubambelela: kungani i-anchor enkulu kakhulu ingeyona mpendulo engcono
Inhloso akukhona ukuthi i-anchor ibambe ithangi; inhloso ukuthi i-anchor inikeze ngaphambi kokuba iqokobhe lenze kanjalo bese inwebeka, ukuze ithangi likwazi ukunyakaza ngaphandle kokuthi iqokobhe noma umthungo udabuke. I-anchor enkulu ngokweqile kuleyo nhloso isusa ukunwebeka: ukhonkolo noma i-anchor ifinyelela umthamo wakho kuqala, noma ukuxhumana kwehluleka ngokuqhekeka, futhi ithangi lilahlekelwa amandla okusabalalisa kabusha imfuno. Ngakho-ke i-anchor eqinile ayiphephile ngokuzenzakalelayo, futhi imininingwane kufanele iveze imfuneko yokuthuthukiswa hhayi umthamo kuphela: ukugxiliswa okude ngokwanele ukuze ukhonkolo uthuthukiswe ngokugcwele, i-anchor enwebekayo, kanye nokwakhiwa okuvumela iqokobhe ukuthi lijikeleze ngokwe-asce 7 tank seismic design
· Amandla: umthamo udlula isidingo se-anchor esikhulisiwe sokuklama kwe-seismic yethangi le-asce 7
· Ukuqina: i-anchor iyancipha futhi inwebeka ngaphambi kokuba igobolondo lihluleke kokuklama kwe-seismic yethangi le-asce 7
· Ukuthuthukiswa: ukujula kokufakwa kulinganiselwe ukuze ukhonkolo uthuthukise amandla aphelele e-anchor kokuklama kwe-seismic yethangi le-asce 7
· Impahla: insimbi ye-anchor ethambile, ukugunda okubuthakathaka ebusweni bukhonkolo kugwenyiwe kokuklama kwe-seismic yethangi le-asce 7
· Ukuxhumana: ukuhlelwa kwe-anchor kuhlolwe ngokuqhathaniswa namandla okunyakaza kwegobolondo kokuklama kwe-seismic yethangi le-asce 7
Ukuguquguquka kwamapayipi kanye nokwehluleka okukuvimbayo
Amapayipi axhunywe ethangini ukwehluleka kokuzamazama komhlaba okulindele umcimbi olandelayo. Uqweqwe luhamba ngaphansi kokulayishwa okuphuthumayo; ipayipi alihambi. Lapho ipayipi lixhunywe ngokuqinile kumbhobho, ukunyakaza okuhlobene kubekwa kumbhobho, kumthungo kanye nasesisekelweni, futhi okubuthakathaka kulezi zinto ezintathu kuba yindawo yokwehluleka, ngaphansi kakhulu komthamo wethangi. Ikhambi ukuxhumana okuguquguqukayo okulinganiswe ngomphumela wokuhlaziya kokuklanywa kokuzamazama komhlaba kwethangi kwe-asce 7
Lokhu kunomphumela wokuthenga ovela ngaphambi kokuba isibalo senziwe. Inombolo, usayizi, indawo kanye nesiqondiso sokuxhumana kombhobho kufanele kuvunyelwane ngakho nomklami wamapayipi, ngoba ukuguquguquka akukwazi ukwengezwa ngemuva kokushisela kokuklanywa kokuzamazama komhlaba kwethangi kwe-asce 7
Ukuhlolwa kwesiketi nokusekelwa kanye nokucatshangelwa kwesilinganiso esilondolozayo
Ithangi elisezinqeni luyinhlangano yesakhiwo, futhi igobolondo elingaphezulu ncamashi kwesekelo yilona elilawulayo. Izinto ezimbili zokuhlola zibalulekile: ukuhlolwa kokugobeka kwegobolondo kubude obungasekelwe kuze kufike kuringi yokuqala yezinhlangano zokuqinisa eziphakathi, kanye nokucindezelwa kwe-axial ne-circumferential okuthwalwa yisiketi kusuka ekugingqikeni komhlaba ngenxa yokuzamazama komhlaba kanye nomoya. Ukuhlolwa kokugobeka ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngokucabanga okuqinile kokuqina kweringi, isilinganiso se-R/I siku-1.0, futhi ukubalwa kufanele kusho lokho kucabanga kokuklama kokuzamazama komhlaba kwethangi ngokwe-asce 7.
Ingubo yomzimba ihlolwa ngokucindezelwa kwe-axial kanye nesikhathi lapho ukugingqika kusebenza khona, futhi ukuxhumana kweringi ye-anchor yilapho ukunwebeka kwe-anchorage okuxoxwe ngakho ngenhla kuxazululwa khona. Ithangi elisekelwa yi-skirt yilapho futhi isilinganiso sobude nobubanzi sibaluleke kakhulu: kugobolondo olude olusekelweni oluncane umthwalo we-impulsive anchor kanye ne-slashing freeboard kuyakhula kuyilapho i-base shear ingakhuli ngokwe-asce 7 tank seismic design
Okokufaka umnikazi okufanele akunikeze ngaphambi kokuba ukuqamba kuqale
Umnikazi unokuningi kokokufaka okudingwa ukuqamba kwethangi lokuzamazama komhlaba, futhi uma zingekho kuphakheji yethenda umhlinzeki kufanele azicabangele, okuyindawo engalungile yokwenza isinqumo sokuzamazama komhlaba. Isigaba sesiza kanye nemingcele yokuzamazama komhlaba ehambisana nayo kunquma i-spectrum yokuqamba kanye nesigaba sokuqamba; isigaba sokuqamba nesigaba sengozi kunquma ukuthi yimiphi imithetho esebenzayo; isivinini somoya esiyisisekelo nesigaba sokuchayeka kusetha icala lomoya, okuvame ukulawula i-anchorage ye-asce 7 tank seismic design
Kukhona okokufaka okubili kwenqubo okusuke kungekho njalo: izinga loketshezi lwedizayini kanye nokuminyana, okuqondisa isisindo sokuzamazama komhlaba kanye nokujula kokugxusha, kanye nohlu lwamaphimbo kanye nendlela yamapayipi, okunquma izidingo zokuxhumana okuguquguqukayo ngaphambi kokwenziwa kwedizayini yokuzamazama komhlaba yethangi ye-asce 7
Okokufaka komnikazi | Ikuphi lapho kuvela khona | Yini ekulawulayo |
Isigaba sendawo kanye ne-Ss / S1 | Umbiko we-geotechnical, idatha yokuzamazama komhlaba yendawo | Isipectrum sedizayini kanye nesigaba sedizayini yokuzamazama komhlaba |
Izigaba zedizayini yokuzamazama komhlaba kanye nezingozi | Imigomo yekhodi yesakhiwo yokusetshenziswa | Yiziphi izinhlinzeko zeSahluko 15 ezisebenzayo |
Ijubane lomoya eliyisisekelo, isigaba sokuchayeka | Imigomo yekhodi yomoya yendawo | Icala lomoya logobolondo, uphahla, ukubopha |
Umbiko we-geotechnical | Uphenyo lwendawo | Isisekelo, ukusebenzisana, ukuncibilika, ukuhlala phansi |
Izinga loketshezi lwedizayini, ukuminyana, umthamo | Idatha yenqubo kanye nokusebenza | Isisindo sokuzamazama komhlaba kanye nokujula kokugxusha |
Uhlelo lwe-nozzle nendlela yamapayipi | Umdwebi wamapayipi, idatha yenqubo | Imininingwane yokuxhumana okuguquguqukayo, ukuqiniswa kwe-nozzle |
Yini okufanele ibe sezingeni lomkhiqizi wethangi mayelana nokuzamazama komhlaba
Izinga lomkhiqizi wethangi mayelana nokuzamazama komhlaba kufanele lishiwo njengohlu, ngoba umusho othi ithangi lizoklanyelwa ukuthwala umthwalo wokuzamazama komhlaba awusho lutho uwodwa. Lolu hlu ngokuvamile luhlanganisa ukuklanywa kwegobolondo naphansi ngenhlanganisela yokuzamazama komhlaba, isakhiwo sophahla, ukuklanywa kokubopha kanye nemfuneko yokuthuthukiswa kwayo, ukubalwa kokugxusha nendawo yamahhala, kanye nemithwalo yama-nozzle nesisekelo yokuklanywa kwethangi lokuzamazama komhlaba kwe-asce 7
Lapho indawo isesigabeni sokuzamazama komhlaba, imidwebo yasefasiteleni kufanele ibe nesimo sokuklanywa kokuzamazama komhlaba, ukuze umhloli akwazi ukusiqhathanisa nokokufaka kumnikazi esikhundleni sokukucabangela ngokuvela kunothi. Okungafanele kube ohlwini ukuklanywa okuthile kokuzamazama komhlaba okwethulwa njengokudluliselwayo: ithangi elifanayo esigabeni sendawo esihlukile liyisakhiwo esihlukile ekuklanyweni kwethangi lokuzamazama komhlaba kwe-asce 7
I-interface ye-geotechnical kanye nohlu lokuhlola lwe-seismic specification
Umbiko we-geotechnical wenza okungaphezu kokubeka isisekelo. Ukuhlolwa kwe-liquefaction, ukubikezela kokuzinza kanye nokucatshangelwa kokusebenzisana komhlabathi nesakhiwo konke kufaka isandla ekwakhiweni kwethangi, futhi okokugcina kuyisinqumo sokwakha hhayi iqiniso lendawo: ukuthi umhlabathi ucatshangwa ukuthi uhamba nesakhiwo noma uguquguquka kushintsha isikhathi sengxenye ye-impulsive kanye nesidingo ku-anchor. Lapho umbiko uthule, ukucatshangelwa kufanele kushiwo futhi kubuyekezwe ngokwe-asce 7 tank seismic design
· Shono izinga le-seismic kanye nohlelo, futhi usho ukuthi ithangi liyisakhiwo esingesona esokwakha ngokwe-asce 7 tank seismic design
· Dlulisa isigaba sendawo, i-Ss ne-S1, ukwakhiwa kwe-seismic kanye nezigaba zobungozi ngokwe-asce 7 tank seismic design
· Shono izinga loketshezi lokwakha, ukuminyana kanye nezinga elisetshenziswa ku-seismic mass ngokwe-asce 7 tank seismic design
· Dinga ukubalwa kokugxusha, futhi usho i-freeboard njengobukhulu bomdwebo wokuklama kokuzamazama komhlaba kwethangi le-asce 7
· Dinga ukuthi i-anchorage isho ubude bokuthuthuka kanye nemfuneko yokwelula yokuklama kokuzamazama komhlaba kwethangi le-asce 7
· Dinga ukuthi ukuhlolwa kokuqhekeka kwegobolondo kusho isilinganiso se-R/I esicatshangelwayo sokuklama kokuzamazama komhlaba kwethangi le-asce 7
· Dinga imininingwane yokuxhumana eguquguqukayo kuyo yonke i-nozzle, elinganiswe ngokunyakaza okubaliwe kokuklama kokuzamazama komhlaba kwethangi le-asce 7
· Shono izicatshangelwa ze-geotechnical kanye nemibuzo egcinelwe unjiniyela wokuklama kokuzamazama komhlaba kwethangi le-asce 7
· Dinga icala lokuklama kokuzamazama komhlaba kanye nemininingwane ye-anchorage emidwebeni yokuklama kokuzamazama komhlaba kwethangi le-asce 7
Isifundo Secala Somsebenzi
Ukuhanjiswa kwereferensi yalo msebenzi, okucashunwe emtatsheni wamaphrojekthi oqinisekisiwe. Izinga lokufanisa C. Ukuhanjiswa kwamathangi amabili anesilinganiso esiphakeme sobude nobubanzi, okucashunwe njengereferensi yejometri nokuhlelwa. Umtatsheni oqinisekisiwe awukubhali ukufakwa kwedizayini yokuzamazama komhlaba, isigaba sendawo noma imininingwane yokubopha, ngakho le ndatshana ayisebenzisi iphrojekthi ukukhombisa ukusebenza kokuzamazama komhlaba, njengoba kuchaziwe kudizayini yokuzamazama komhlaba yamathangi ye-asce 7.
I-ID yephrojekthi | Izwe | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Inani lamathangi | Ubukhulu | Ukuqedwa | Ububanzi bokuhlinzeka |
SIN-FIRE-1666 | Singapore | Ithangi Elihlanganisiwe Ngensimbi Ekhazimulayo (GFS) Eliboshwe Ngamabhawodi | 1,666 m3 | 2 | φ8.41 × 15.0 m (H) ithangi ngalinye | 2026-01 | Ithangi Kuphela |
Ukulethwa kwamathangi amabili anesilinganiso esiphakeme sobude nobubanzi, okucashunwe njengereferensi yejometri nokuhlelwa. Umtapo oqinisekisiwe awukubhalisi okokufaka kwakho kokuklama kokuzamazama komhlaba, isigaba sendawo noma imininingwane yokubambelela, ngakho le ndatshana ayisebenzisi iphrojekthi ukukhombisa ukusebenza kokuzamazama komhlaba, njengoba kuchaziwe ekuklameni kokuzamazama komhlaba kwethangi le-asce 7.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1. Kungani ithangi lihlukaniswa njengesakhiwo esingesona esokwakha?
Ngoba liphendula ukuzamazama komhlaba njengesakhiwo, hhayi njengempahla exhunywe kwesinye. Linobukhulu obukhulu, indawo ekhululekile, igobolondo elithwala lobo bukhulu kanye ne-anchor ejikisela konke emhlabathini. I-ASCE 7 Isahluko 15 sinikeza izinhlinzeko zokuzamazama komhlaba zamathangi nemikhumbi ngaleyo ndlela, kuyilapho Isahluko 13 silawula izingxenye ezingezona ezesakhiwo ezakhiweni zokuklama kokuzamazama komhlaba kwamathangi e-ASCE 7
Umbuzo 2. Yiziphi izingxenye ezimbili zokuzamazama komhlaba ezisebenza ethangini?
Ingxenye esheshayo, impendulo yesikhathi esifushane ekhiqizwa yigobolondo kanye nesisindo soketshezi esihamba nayo phansi, ilawula ukucindezela kwesigaxa segobolondo, umthwalo we-axial we-anchor kanye nokuhlolwa kokugobeka kwegobolondo. Ingxenye yokudlulisela, impendulo yesikhathi eside ekhiqizwa ukugwedla kuketshezi phezu kwendawo ekhululekile, ilawula ukwaneleka kwe-freeboard kanye nomthwalo wophahla. Idizayini ebika isidingo esisodwa ibike eyodwa kuphela kwezimbili zedizayini yokuzamazama komhlaba kwethangi le-asce 7
Umbuzo 3. Ingabe i-freeboard iyisidingo sokuzamazama komhlaba noma inqubo yomthetho kuphela?
Kuyisidingo sokuzamazama komhlaba esinezibalo ngemuva kwaso. Igagasi lokugxusha likhuphuka kolunye uhlangothi lwethangi lehle kolunye, futhi ukuphakama kwalo kuncike kububanzi bethangi, ukujula kwamanzi namandla okunyakaza. Uma indawo yamahhala incane kunegagasi, amanzi afinyelela uphahla olulinganiselwe umthwalo wokufa nokukhushulwa okuncane. Ukuphakama kufanele kuvele engxenyeni ye-convective yedizayini yokuzamazama komhlaba yamathangi ye-asce 7
Umbuzo 4. Kungani i-anchor enkulu kakhulu iyinkinga?
Ngoba inhloso yokuzamazama komhlaba ayikona ukuthi i-anchor ibambe ithangi, kodwa ukuthi ivumule ngaphambi kokuba igobolondo lenze kanjalo bese ithuthukisa ukunwebeka, ukuze ithangi likwazi ukunyakaza ngaphandle kokuthi igobolondo noma umthungo udabuke. I-anchor enkulu kakhulu isusa lokho kuvumelana: ukhonkolo noma i-anchor ifinyelela umthamo kuqala, noma ukuxhumana kwehluleka ngokuqhekeka. Imininingwane idinga ubude bokuthuthukiswa ukuze kube namandla aphelele e-anchor kanye nempahla ye-anchor evumelayo yokuklama kokuzamazama komhlaba kwethangi le-asce 7
Umbuzo 5. Yikuphi ukwehluleka okuvikelwa ipayipi elivumelayo?
Kuvikela ukunyakaza okuhlobene phakathi kwegobolondo nepayipi elixhunywe ngokuqinile ekubeni kufakwe kwi-nozzle, umthungo kanye nesekelo. Igobolondo liyanyakaza ngaphansi kokulayishwa okuphuthumayo kuyilapho ipayipi lingenjalo, futhi okubuthakathaka kulezo zinto kuba yindawo yokwehluleka, ngokuvamile ngaphansi kakhulu komthamo wethangi. I-flexible coupling noma i-expansion loop elinganiselwe ekunyakazeni okubaliwe iyivikela yokuklama kokuzamazama komhlaba kwethangi le-asce 7
Umbuzo 6. Yimiphi iminikelo okufanele umnikazi ayinikeze ngaphambi kokuthi kuqale ukuklanywa?
Isigaba sendawo esihambisana ne-Ss ne-S1, isigaba sokuklanywa kokuzamazama komhlaba nesigaba sobungozi, ijubane lomoya eliyisisekelo nesigaba sokuchayeka, kanye nombiko we-geotechnical okuhlanganisa nokuhlolwa kokuncibilika nokuhlala phansi. Iminikelo emibili yenqubo ibalulekile ngokufanayo: izinga loketshezi lokuklanywa nokuminyana, okubeka isisindo sokuzamazama komhlaba nokujula kokugxwashuka, kanye nohlu lwama-nozzle kanye nendlela yamapayipi, okulungisa imininingwane yokuxhumana okuguquguqukayo kokuklanywa kokuzamazama komhlaba kwethangi le-asce 7
Umbuzo 7. Yini okufanele ibe ngaphakathi kobubanzi bomhlinzeki wamathangi?
Ithangi njengesakhiwo: ukwakheka kwegobolondo naphansi ngenhlanganisela yokuzamazama komhlaba, ukwakheka kophahla nokunamathiselwa kwayo, ukwakheka kokubambelela noma kokusekela okuhlanganisa impahla ye-anchor kanye nemfuneko yokuthuthukiswa, ukubalwa kwe-sloshing ne-freeboard, imithwalo ye-nozzle umklami wamapayipi okufanele ayikhulise, kanye nemithwalo ebekwe phezu kwesisekelo. Izinto zokuxhumana zifanele zibe ohlwini olufanayo: amapharamitha e-geotechnical asetshenziselwa ukuklama kokuzamazama komhlaba kwethangi le-asce 7
Umbuzo 8. Ukuxhumana kwe-geotechnical kusingathwa kanjani?
Ngombiko we-geotechnical, owenza okungaphezu kokubeka isisekelo. Ukuhlolwa kwe-liquefaction, ukubikezela kokuzinza kanye nokucatshangelwa kokusebenzisana komhlabathi nesakhiwo konke kufaka isandla ekuklanyweni kwethangi, futhi okokugcina kuyisinqumo hhayi iqiniso lendawo: ukucabanga ukuthi umhlabathi uhamba nesakhiwo noma uziphatha ngokuguquguqukayo kushintsha isikhathi sengxenye ye-impulsive kanye nesidingo ku-anchor. Lapho umbiko uthule, ukucatshangelwa kufanele kushiwole ukuklanywa kwe-seismic yethangi le-asce 7
Q9. Yini okufanele ibe kuhlu lokuhlola lwe-seismic specification?
Izinto eziyisishiyagalolunye: izinga lokuzamazama komhlaba kanye nohlelo lokushicilela lapho ithangi likhonjwa njengesakhiwo okungeyona indlu; isigaba sendawo, i-Ss ne-S1, isigaba sokuklama kokuzamazama komhlaba kanye nesigaba sobungozi; izinga loketshezi lokuklama kanye nokuminyana okusetshenziselwa isisindo sokuzamazama komhlaba; ukubalwa kokugxavuka kwamanzi nge-freeboard njengobukhulu bomdwebo; ubude bokuthuthukiswa kokubambelela kanye nemfuneko; ukuhlolwa kokugobhoza kwegobolondo nge-R/I ratio; imininingwane eguquguqukayo nge-nozzle ngayinye yokuklama kokuzamazama komhlaba kwethangi le-asce 7
Ukuklanywa kokuzamazama komhlaba kwethangi kuyaxazululwa ngaphambi kokuba umgogodla udwetshwe, esigabeni sendawo, isigaba sokuklanywa, isisekelo sebhodi yamahhala kanye nomgomo wokubambelela umnikazi akunikezayo. Izingxenye ezimbili kufanele zigcinwe zehlukene, i-impulsive yomgogodla, ama-anchor kanye nokuhlolwa kokugoqa, kanye ne-convective yegagasi elinyakazayo kanye nebhodi yamahhala, ngoba ithangi lihlolwa kuzo zombili. Iphuzu lokubambelela ngokuvamile litholakala ngendlela engalungile mayelana nokuqina okungamanga: i-anchor enkulu isusa ukuguquguquka okudingwa yindinganiso, ngoba imfuneko iwukuthi i-anchor inikeze futhi yeluleke ngaphambi kokuba umgogodla wenze njalo futhi ukhonkolo uthuthukise lawo mandla phezu kokugxiliswa okuphelele. Ithangi elidlula ukuhlolwa komthamo futhi lehluleka lowo mgomo alihambisani nokuzamazama komhlaba; linamandla ngaphezu kwalokho ebelikudinga, futhi lintekenteke endaweni engalungile yokuklanywa kokuzamazama komhlaba kwethangi kwe-asce 7.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Thumela isigaba sendawo kanye ne-Ss ne-S1 ehambisana nayo, isigaba sokuklama ngokuzamazama komhlaba nesigaba sobungozi, isivinini somoya esiyisisekelo nesigaba sokuchayeka, umbiko we-geotechnical okuhlanganisa nokuhlolwa kwe-liquefaction nokuhlala phansi, ububanzi bethangi nobude obusekelwe, izinga lokuklama loketshezi nokuminyana, kanye nohlu lwama-nozzle kanye nendlela yamapayipi. Sizobuyisela isisekelo sokuklama esithatha ithangi njengesakhiwo okungewona esakhiwo, esichaza izingxenye ze-impulsive ne-convective ngokwehlukana, esinikeza ukubalwa kwe-sloshling ne-freeboard, futhi esicacisa ukuboshwa kwe-duktility nokuthuthukiswa esikhundleni somthamo kuphela, kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-shell buckling ne-skirt kanye nezidingo zokuxhumana okuguquguqukayo okufakiwe ekuklameni kokuzamazama komhlaba kwethangi kwe-asce 7.
Mayelana ne-Center Enamel
I-Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd (Center Enamel) ingumkhiqizi ochwepheshe ozinikele ekuklameni nasekwakheni amathangi okugcina axhunywe ngamabhawodi kusukela ngo-2008. Uhlu lwemikhiqizo luhlanganisa amathangi e-Glass-Fused-to-Steel (GFS), amathangi e-Fusion-Bonded Epoxy (FBE), amathangi ensimbi engagqwali, amathangi ensimbi egilivethayizi kanye nophahla lwedome le-geodesic le-aluminium, kanye nokwesekwa kobuchwepheshe be-EPC kanye nezinsiza zamathangi. Ukukhiqizwa kwenzeka ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001, ISO 14001 kanye ne-ISO 45001, futhi uhlu lwemikhiqizo luqinisekisiwe nge-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, CE kanye ne-EN 1090, ISO 28765, AWWA D103-09 kanye ne-NFPA lapho ukusetshenziswa kudinga khona. Inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 okufaka uqweqwe lwe-enamel, isebenza endaweni yokukhiqiza engu-150,000 m2, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi anoqweqwe lwe-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ithumele amathangi emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Ikhono lokuklama kobunjiniyela lihlanganisa umthamo wamathangi afinyelela ku-60,000 m3, njengoba kuchaziwe ngokuningiliziwe ku-asce 7 tank seismic design.
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