Amathangi Okungenisa Umoya: Ubunjiniyela Bezinhlelo Zokuhlanza Amanzi Angcolile Ngendlela Yezinto Eziphilayo
Kwadalwa ngo 2024.03.25
Amathangi Okungenisa Umoya: Ukwakha Izinhlelo Zokwelapha Amanzi Okungcola Ngokwebhayoloji
Ekuhlanzweni kwendle yedolobha nasekuphathweni kwamanzi okungcola ezimbonini, ukwelashwa kwesibili umehluko obaluleke kakhulu wokususa izinto ezingcolile ezincibilikile eziphilayo. Enkabeni yale nqubo yokuhlanzwa kwebhayoloji kukhona ithangi lokungenisa umoya (noma ithangi lokungenisa umoya).
Ithangi lokungenisa umoya iyisitsha esikhethekile sezimboni lapho amanzi angcolile exutshwa nokusakazwa okusebenzayo kwama-microorganisms (udaka olusebenzayo) futhi kungeniswa umoya ngamandla. Ngokuletha ukunikezwa okuqhubekayo komoya-mpilo oncibilikile, ithangi likhuthaza ukukhula kwamabhaktheriya adinga umoya-mpilo, okwenza ama-microorganisms akwazi ukugaya futhi ahlukanise izinto eziphilayo eziyinkimbinkimbi zibe yi-carbon dioxide engenabungozi, amanzi, kanye ne-biomass entsha.
1. Izimiso Eziyisisekelo Zokusebenza Kwamathangi Okungenisa Umoya
Umjikelezo wokwelashwa kwezinto eziphilayo ngaphakathi kwethangi lokungenisa umoya uncike ekusebenzisaneni kwamakhemikhali akhelwe ngobunjiniyela:
● Ukungeniswa Kwe-Activated Sludge: Amanzi angcolile angena ethangini ahlanganiswa ne-returned activated sludge (RAS) ecebile ngamabhaktheriya adinga umoya-mpilo kanye nama-protozoa.
● Ukujova Komoya Okunamandla: Umoya ocindezelwe noma umoya-mpilo omsulwa uyaphoqelelwa ungene ku-liquid matrix ngokusebenzisa ama-diffuser grids amahle noma amakhulu afakwe phansi kwe-tank. Ukugcina amazinga afanele e-oxygen encibilikile (DO) (ngokuvamile 2.0 kuya ku-4.0 mg/L) kubalulekile ukusekela umsebenzi we-metabolic ophezulu.
● Ukugaywa Kwezinto Eziphilayo Ngokushesha: Ama-microorganisms adinga umoya adla izinto ezingcolile eziphilayo ezincibilikile, alinganisa isidingo se-oxygen ye-biological (BOD) kanye nesidingo se-oxygen ye-chemical (COD), aziguqule zibe ama-flocs e-biological angahlala phansi.
● Ukuhlukaniswa Okulandelayo: Ingxube enomoya (mixed liquor) iphuma ku-aeration tank iye ku-secondary clarifier noma endaweni yokuhlala, lapho ama-flocs e-biological ehlala khona njenge-sludge, kushiywe amanzi ahlanziwe nahlanzekile okwenza ukubulala amagciwane.
2. Izidingo Eziyinhloko Zobunjiniyela Zama-Aeration Basins
Ukuklama ithangi lokungenisa umoya elisebenzayo kudinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela kokugeleza koketshezi, imithwalo yesakhiwo, kanye nokuchayeka emvelweni:
● Ukuphazamiseka okuqinile kwesakhiwo: Ukujova komoya okuqhubekayo nokuxuba ngomshini kudala ukungazinzi koketshezi okuqhubekayo nokucindezela kodonga, okudinga ukuqina okuphezulu kwesakhiwo ukuvimbela ukukhathala.
● Ukumelana nokugqwala: Amanzi angcolile aqukethe izinhlobonhlobo zama-asidi eziphilayo, izinto zokuhlanza zamakhemikhali, nezinhlanganisela ze-sulfide ezingagqwala kakhulu izinto zokwakha ezingezona ezisezingeni.
● Ubunjalo obulungiselelwe: Ukujula nobubanzi bethangi kuklanywa ukuze kukhuliswe ukusebenza kahle kokudluliswa komoya (OTE) nokuqinisekisa ukuxuba okuphelele ngaphandle kwezindawo ezifile lapho izinto eziqinile zingaqongelela khona.
3. Kungani Amathangi e-Glass-Fused-to-Steel (GFS) Ehlanganisa Kahle Njengamachibi Okungenisa Umoya
Nakuba amachibi okungenisa umoya endabuko ethelwa ngokhonkolo oqinisiwe, izikhungo zesimanje zomasipala nezemboni ziya ngokuya zisebenzisa amathangi ahlanganisiwe e-Glass-Fused-to-Steel (GFS) ngomsebenzi wokungenisa umoya:
● Ukuzivikela Ngamakhemikhali Okungasebenzi: Uqweqwe lwengilazi oluncibilikisiwe lumelana namakhemikhali anamandla endle yamanzi okungcola ezinhlobonhlobo ze-pH (1 kuya ku-14), kuqeda ukugqwala nokuqhekeka kukakhonkolo.
● Ubuso Obushelelezi Obuthambile: Ubuso bengilazi obushelelezi, obungenamigodi buvimbela ukunqwabelana kwezinto eziphilayo ezincane nokunqwabelana, kuqinisekisa ukugeleza kwamanzi okufanele nokulungiswa okulula.
● Ukufakwa Okusheshayo Okuhlukanisiwe: Amathangi okungenisa umoya e-GFS afakwa emasontweni hhayi ezinyangeni ezidingekayo zokwenza ukhonkolo, ukuqina, nokuvikela amanzi.
I-Matrix Yokuqhathanisa: Ubuchwepheshe Bamethangi Okungenisa Umoya
Ipharamitha Yokuhlola | Amathangi E-Glass-Fused-to-Steel (GFS) | Amabhesini Kakhonkolo Aphonswe Endaweni | Amathangi Ensimbi Avamile Ahlanganisiwe |
Ukumelana Nokugqwala | Ephakeme; ukubopha kwezinto eziqinile ze-glass-steel | Emaphakathi; isengozini yokuhlaselwa yi-asidi kanye nokuqhekeka kwezinto eziphilayo | Ephansi; izinto zokuvikela ziyonakala ngokushesha ngenxa yokushintshashintsha komoya |
Ijubane Lokufakwa | Ukufakwa ngokushesha ngamabhawodi (amaviki) | Kancane kakhulu; kudinga ukhuni lokubumba, ukuthela, nokomisa (izinyanga) | Emaphakathi; kudinga ukushisela okuningi endaweni kanye nokuhlolwa |
Ukunakekelwa Kwangaphakathi | Kuncane; indawo ebushelelezi imelana nokunqwabelana kwezinto eziphilayo | Kuphezulu; ukujova okuvamile kwezinkinga, ukulungisa, nokulungisa ulayini | Kuphezulu; ukuhlanza ngesihlabathi ngezikhathi ezithile, ukuthinta, nokuphinda kufakwe izinto zokuvikela |
Isikhathi Sokuphila Sokuklanywa | Iminyaka engu-30 kuya kwengu-50+ | Iminyaka engu-20 kuya kwengu-40 | Iminyaka engu-10 kuya kwengu-20 |
Imibuzo Ejwayelekile (FAQ)
Umbuzo: Iyini inhloso enkulu yethangi lokungenisa umoya ekuhlanzeni amanzi angcolile?
A: Ithangi lokungenisa umoya lihlinzeka ngendawo elawulwayo lapho amanzi angcolile exutshwa ne-activated sludge futhi enikezwa umoya-mpilo. Lokhu kuvumela amagciwane e-aerobic ukuthi asheshe abole futhi adle izinto eziphilayo ezincibilikile, kwehlise kakhulu amazinga e-BOD ne-COD.
Q: Kungani umoya-mpilo oncibilikile ubalulekile endaweni yokungenisa umoya?
A: I-Oxygen encibilile (DO) ibalulekile ukusekela ukugaywa kokudla nokuphefumula kwama-microorganisms adinga umoya. Ngaphandle komoya owanele, amagciwane anenzuzo ayafa, amisa ukususwa kokungcola ngokwebhayoloji futhi kubangele inqubo yokuhlanza ukuthi yehluleke.
Q: Ingabe amathangi e-GFS afanelekele izinhlelo zokungenisa umoya zezimboni nezamasipala?
A: Yebo. Amathangi e-GFS anikeza ukumelana namakhemikhali okukhethekile namanzi angcolile agqwala, aqede ukuqhekeka kukakhonkolo, avimbele ukunqwabelana kwebhayoloji ezindongeni eziyigilasi ezibushelelezi, futhi angafakwa ngokushesha uma kuqhathaniswa namachibi akhiwe ngokhonkolo.
Q: Amathangi okungenisa umoya asebenzisana kanjani nama-secondary clarifiers?
A: Ngemva kokuba amanzi angcolile ehlanzwe ngokwebhayoloji ngaphakathi kethangi lokungenisa umoya, ingxube yamanzi iye ngqo ku-secondary clarifier. Ku-clarifier, izinto zebhayoloji eziqinile zihlala phansi njengodaka (okunye kubuyiselwa ethangini lokungenisa umoya), kuyilapho amanzi ahlanzekile ekhishwa phezulu.
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