Izinzuzo Zamaqembu Okugcina Amanzi Aboshiwe Ezimweni Zokusebenza Kwezimboni
Kwadalwa ngo 02.27
Izinzuzo Zamathangi Okugcina Aboshiwe Ezimweni Zokusebenza Zasezimbonini
Amathangi okugcina aboshiwe ashukumisela ukwenziwa endaweni yokukhiqiza futhi ashiye endaweni ukuhlanganisa kuphela, lokhu okunikeza izikhathi ezimfushane, izinga lokumboza elilawulwa yifekthri kanye negobolondo lapho iphaneli ngayinye ingahlolwa futhi kamuva ishintshwe. Ukuxhumana kweflange ene-gasket kanye nebhawudi lezinga 8.8 kwenza umkhumbi wakheke ezindaweni ezingenawo amandla okushisela asindayo, unyakaziswe uma isitshalo sihlelwa kabusha, futhi wandiswe ngokwengeza amaringi noma ithangi elihambisanayo. Lezo zinzuzo zihlala zikhona lapho uketshezi luhambisana nengaphakathi kanye nesisekelo esiklanywe ngesimo sangempela sokuhlala; ngaphandle kwalezo zimo umqondo oboshiwe ulahlekelwa iningi lenzuzo yawo.
Iningi lezincazelo zokugcina zibhalwe zizungeze ithangi njengomkhumbi, bese isinqumo phakathi kokushisela nokubopha ngamabhawudi sithathwa ngenani nge-cubic metre ngayinye. Leso siqhathaniso sishiya indawo lapho imali iphuma khona ngempela: izinsuku zekhreni, isikhathi sokulinda ngenxa yesimo sezulu, ukulungiswa kwe-coating ensimini, kanye neshumi leminyaka lokuhlolwa okunquma ukuthi i-lining isaqinile yini. Izinzuzo zangempela zethangi eliboshwe ngamabhawudi zivela endleleni yalo yokuhlanganisa, futhi zibonakala kuphela lapho zisetshenziswa ngokuhambisana nomsebenzi ofanele. Le ndatshana ihamba ngobunye izinzuzo zobunjiniyela bese ithembeka mayelana nezimo lapho ithangi elishiselwe noma okunye ukwakhiwa kunqoba khona.
Ukumboza Kwasembonini Esikhundleni Sokumboza Emkhakheni
Inzuzo enkulu kakhulu ukuthi ukuvikelwa ekugqwaleni kusetshenziswa ngaphakathi endlini. Ithangi elidayisiwe lisindwa ngemva kokuba igobolondo selikhona, ngakho ukulungiselelwa kwendawo, isimo sezulu kanye nokuhlolwa konke kwenzeka endaweni embi kakhulu nangesikhathi esibi kakhulu, futhi wonke umthungo wasensimini uba yinto yokulungisa isimbozo. Ithangi eliboshiwe lifika nokuvikelwa sekukhona epaneleni: ku-glass-fused-to-steel i-enamel ihlanganiswa nepuleti ku-820 kuya ku-930 °C, ungqimba luhamba ku-0.25 kuya ku-0.45 mm futhi lukalwa ngaphezu kwe-3,450 N/cm², futhi indawo iqedwa nge-Ra engaphansi kwe-0.8 µm. Iphaneli ngayinye ihlolwa nge-spark ku-1500 V DC ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa, ngakho izinga lelineng luyidokhumenti hhayi umbono. Izindinganiso ezizimele zokulawulwa kokukhiqizwa kwefektri ezifana ne-ISO 28765 kanye ne-CE (EN 1090) zikhona khona kanye ukuze lokhu kube yisimangalo esingahlolwa.
Ijubane, Ukufinyelela kanye Neqembu Elincane
Iqembu lokuhlanganisa alidingi imvume yokushisela yasensimini. Amaphaneli ayaphakanyiswa, abekwe phezu kwegasket futhi aboshwe ngezinto zokubopha ezisezingeni lika-8.8 ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwe-torque, okusho ukuthi iphrojekthi ingaqhubeka neqembu lensimbi elijwayelekile kanye nomqondisi ovela kumkhiqizi. Lokho kubalulekile ezindaweni ezikude, ezitshalweni ezingakwazi ukuma ukuze zithole imvume yomsebenzi oshisayo, nasezindaweni lapho iqembu labasebenzi basendaweni linabashiseli abaqinisekisiwe abambalwa. Futhi kunciphisa ukuchayeka esimweni sezulu: ithangi elishiselwe ngesikhathi somoya kunokulahlekelwa izinsuku ngenxa yokuvalwa, kuyilapho ithangi eliboshiwe licishe liqedwe uma isimo sezulu sesomile ngokwanele ukuze limiswe. Ukufinyelela emgwaqeni nakho kuyasiza, ngoba amaphaneli athunyelwa ecaba hhayi njengesilinda esinobubanzi obukhulu, okuvula izindawo lapho igobolondo lethangi elishiselwe lalingeke lilethwe khona.
Ukuhlolwa kanye Nokulungiseka
Ithangi eliboshwe ngamabhawodi lingahlolwa ngaphakathi ngaphandle kokudilizwa. Izihlanganisi zamaflange, izihlalo zama-gasket, imiphetho yamaphaneli kanye nendandatho ephezulu konke kuyabonakala, okwenza ukuhlolwa kwe-lining kube umsebenzi ohleliwe esikhundleni sokuba yisizathu sokukhipha ithangi ekusebenzeni. Ukufinyeleleka okufanayo kwenza ukulungisa kube kwendawo: iphaneli elonakele lingakhululwa libhawodi futhi lishintshwe, futhi ingxenye egqwalile yogobolondo ukushintshwa kwephaneli esikhundleni sokushintshwa kwepuleti nokugcotshwa kabusha. Lona yinzuzo ebonakala kwisabelomali sokusebenza ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi, futhi yingakho futhi ithangi eliboshwe ngamabhawodi elinesikhathi sokuhlolwa esibhaliwe lingafinyelela impilo yokuklama yeminyaka engama-30 ngaphandle kokwakhiwa kabusha okukhulu.
Ukukhula Komthamo kanye Nokufuduswa
Ukwakhiwa okuboshiwe yikho kuphela uhlobo lokugcina oluvamile olungakhuliswa ngaphandle kokusikwa. Amaringi angengezwa ukuze kukhuphuke ubude, noma isitsha sesibili sibekwe eceleni kwesokuqala endaweni elungiselelwe, futhi akukho kulokhu okudinga ukudilizwa kwegobolondo lokuqala. Amaphaneli ngokwawo ayimpahla: angavulwa, athunyelwe kwenye indawo futhi akhiwe kabusha, okufanele izitshalo zesikhashana, ukwakhiwa ngezigaba kanye nezindawo ezizoshintsha ukusetshenziswa phakathi nempilo yokuklama. Kubasebenzisi abalindele ukuthi isitoreji silandele inqubo kunokuba kube ngokuphambene, lokho kukhetha kubaluleke kakhulu kunenani eliphansi lokuqala ethangini elishiselwe.
Incazelo Yezobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Inothi |
Izinga lokushisa lokuncibilikisa i-enamel | 820–930 °C | Ifektri incibilikiselwe kuphaneli lensimbi |
Ubukhulu bokumboza nge-enamel | 0.25–0.45 mm | Isithiyo esingasebenzi kuyo yonke i-pH 1–14 |
Amandla wengqimba ye-enamel | ≥ 3,450 N/cm² | Ukumelana nokugoba nokushaywa |
I-voltage yokuhlola inhlansi | 1500 V DC | Iphaneli ngayinye ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa |
Ukungalingani kobuso | Ra < 0.8 µm | Ukungcola okuncane, ukuhlanza okulula |
Izinga lebhawodi | 8.8 | I-torque eqoshwe ngesikhathi sokuhlanganisa |
Ubukhulu befilimu ye-FBE epoxy | 180–280 µm | Enye indlela yangaphakathi, AWWA C550 |
Isikhathi sokuphila komklamo | ≥ 30 iminyaka | Ngesistimu yangaphakathi ecacisiwe |
Lapho Izinzuzo Ziyeka Ukusebenza
Shono ngqo ngemikhawulo. Ithangi eliboshwe ngamabhawudi elinokwehla okujulile okukhulu lingavula i-gasket kuma-flange aphansi, ngoba ukuhlukana kwe-flange kulandela i-hydrostatic ne-dynamic head ngendlela iqokobhe elishiseliwe elingayilandeliyo; kulowo msebenzi ingaphakathi ne-gasket kudinga impendulo ethile esikhundleni sokwenziwa okujwayelekile. Amathangi anobubanzi obukhulu athwala umthwalo omkhulu womoya adinga i-ossature efanele, futhi umhlangano uba yimininingwane yokukhathala esikhundleni sokuba yinto emile. Izindawo ezinomhlabathi othambile noma ongalingani zizophoqa ukungahambisani kwe-flange, okungekho thangi eliboshwe ngamabhawudi elingakwazi ukukubekezelela. Futhi uma uketshezi olugciniwe ludinga indawo yenhlanzeko engcono kunalokho iphaneli yensimbi ene-enamel engakunikeza, insimbi engagqwali noma isitsha esishiseliwe esinendwangu siba yisinqumo esifanele kungakhathalekile izinzuzo zokuhlanganisa.
Ukufanisa Ingaphakathi Noketshezi Ukuze Izinzuzo Zisinde
Zonke izinzuzo ezingenhla zincike ekutheni ingaphakathi lilungele uketshezi, futhi yilapha lapho amaphutha ashibhile kakhulu enzeka khona. Amanzi okuphuza adinga i-NSF/ANSI 61 kanye ne-WRAS ehlolwe ngokwe-lining ne-gasket. Ukudla neziphuzo ezithinta ukudla kudinga i-FDA ne-LFGB. Amanzi egcina umlilo ngokuvamile abhekiselwa ku-NFPA mayelana nosayizi futhi ngokuvamile i-FM ukuze kugunyazwe. Amanzi ane-chloride ephezulu athanda i-enamel noma i-316L. I-anaerobic digestion idinga isembozo esingavumeli igesi ukungena kanye nophahla lwe-membrane olusebenza ngengcindezi yezinga le-kPa, njengoba umkhumbi uyithangi elingaphansi kwengcindezi hhayi isitsha sengcindezi. Igobolondo le-glass-fused-to-steel lihlanganisa i-pH 1 kuya ku-14 ohlelweni olulodwa, okususa ingxabano ejwayelekile phakathi kwabahlinzeki mayelana nokuthi iyiphi i-coating efanele umfudlana othile.
Icala Lomsebenzi
Iphrojekthi | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi anombhobho omkhulu | INamibia | Ithangi le-GFS | 44,900 m³ | ukuhlinzeka + ukugada |
Amanzi agcinelwe umlilo | ISichuan, eChina | Ithangi le-GFS, amayunithi ama-2 | 8,930 m³ | ukuhlinzeka + isiqondiso sokufaka |
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kamasipala | IMalaysia | Ithangi le-GFS | 20,380 m³ | ukuhlinzeka + ukugada |
Ikhono Lobunjiniyela Le-Center Enamel
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isungule futhi yakha amathangi okugcina axhunywe ngamabhawudi kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ehlanganiswe ne-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe amandla okukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, FDA, LFGB, CE (EN 1090), ISO 28765, FM, BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi idizayini ibhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Ezokugcina ngamabhawodi lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlanganiswa kwefektri kanye nohlelo lokuhlola inhlansi oluchazwe ngenhla, ingaphakathi kanye nokukhethwa kwe-gasket yoketshezi ngalunye, kanye nokuqondiswa okudingekayo kwerekhodi le-torque kanye nokuhlolwa kokugcina kokuvuza.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Ingabe amathangi anamabhawodi awavuzi?
Impendulo 1: Awavuzi uma ehlanganiswe ne-gasket ecacisiwe kanye ne-torque, futhi wonke amaphaneli e-enamel ahlolwa ngenhlansi ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa. Okudinga ukunakwa ukuhambisana kwamafulegi ngesikhathi sokwakha kanye nokuhla komhlabathi ngemuva kwalokho, ngoba umbhede wendandatho osusayo ungakwazi ukukhipha i-gasket endaweni yayo.
Umbuzo 2: Izindleko ziqhathaniswa kanjani nethangi elishiselwe?
A2: Ngevolumu efanayo izindleko zokuqala zingafana noma zibe phezulu, kuyilapho izindleko zokufaka zivame ukuba phansi ngenxa yokumiswa okufushane, ukushisela okuncane ensimini kanye nesikhathi esincishisiwe sika-crane. Umehluko omkhulu uvame ukufika onyakeni weshumi, lapho iphaneli ingashintshwa esikhundleni sohlelo lonke lokumboza.
Q3: Ingabe ithangi eliboshwe ngamabhawodi lingasetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa okujulile kokwehla?
A3: Lingakwazi, kodwa i-gasket nengaphakathi kufanele kukhethwe ngokwekhanda, futhi imininingwane ye-flange engezansi ihlolwe. Ukuhlanganiswa okuboshwe ngamabhawodi okuzenzakalelayo akufanelekile ngokuzenzakalelayo ekwehleni okujulile okukhulu, ngakho lokhu kungaphansi kokubuyekezwa kobuchwepheshe kunokuba kuqhathaniswe okujwayelekile.
Q4: Yisiphi isicaciso samabhawodi esijwayelekile?
A4: Izinto zokubopha ezinga lesishiyagalombili nengxenye yezishiyagalombili ziyisinqumo esijwayelekile sezimboni sokuhlanganiswa kwamaphaneli aboshwe ngamabhawodi, lapho i-torque iqinisekiswa futhi iqoshwa ngesikhathi sokuhlanganisa kunokuba ishiywe ekwahluleleni kweqembu.
Q5: Ingabe ithangi lingakhuliswa kamuva?
A5: Yebo, ngezindlela ezimbili: imibuthano eyengeziwe iphakamisa ukuphakama kwegobolondo elikhona, noma kwengezwa ithangi elihambisanayo endaweni elungiselelwe. Kokubili akudingi ukudilizwa komkhumbi wokuqala, okuyinzuzo ehlukile uma kuqhathaniswa nokwakhiwa okushiselwe.
Q6: Yiziphi izinto eziwuketshezi ezingafaneleki kahle ithangi eliboshiwe?
A6: Izinsizakalo zokuhlanzeka okuphezulu kakhulu ezidinga ukugqama okufana nesibuko, udaka olukhuhlakayo kakhulu ngaphandle kwengubo ebolekayo ecacisiwe, nanoma yiluphi uketshezi oludinga umngcele wengcindezi wangempela, njengoba ithangi lokugcina eliboshiwe liyisitsha sokucindezela okuphansi ngokwakhiwa kwalo.
Isiphetho
Izinzuzo zamathangi okugcina eziboshwe ngamabhawodi zingempela futhi ziyanda: ukuvikelwa okusetshenziswa efektri okunobufakazi bephaneli ngayinye, ukwakhiwa okweqa ukushisela endaweni, indlela yokuhlola nokulungisa engakwazi ukunikezwa yigobolondo elishiselwe, kanye nendlela yokuthuthukisa engadingi ukudilizwa. Zincike ekutheni ingaphakathi lihambisane noketshezi, isisekelo silawule ukuhlala phansi, kanye ne-gasket elisinda ekhanda elisezingeni eliphansi kakhulu. Chaza lezo zinto ezintathu esigabeni sokuklama, futhi ithangi eliboshwe ngamabhawodi lizodlula enye indlela eshiselwe mayelana nezindleko eziphelele kanye nangesikhathi sokuhlela. Uma ungazichazi, lezo zinzuzo ezifanayo ziphenduka ukunakekelwa okuphindaphindayo.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Sithumele uketshezi olune-pH, izinga lokushisa kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-chloride, umthamo odingekayo nanoma yimuphi umkhawulo wokujula, imfuneko yendawo yokugcina amanzi aphuzwayo noma yomlilo, idatha yesayithi yomoya iqhwa nomhlabathi, nokuthi ukwanda kulindelekile yini phakathi kwempilo yokuklama. Uzothola ukuqhathaniswa kwe-bolted ne-welded, isincomo sangaphakathi, inketho yomthamo kanye nephakethe eliphelele lomdwebo nesitifiketi.
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