Amathangi Amanzi Angcolile: Ubunjiniyela, Imisebenzi, Nokukhethwa Kwezinto Zokwakha
Kwadalwa ngo 05.15
Amathangi Amanzi amdaka: Ubunjiniyela, Imisebenzi, kanye Nokukhethwa Kwezinto
Ithangi lokungcola amanzi luyisakhiwo esiklanyelwe ngokucophelela esenzelwe ukugcina, ukwelapha, noma ukucubungula amanzi angcolile ezimbonini, amanzi angcolile emadolobheni, noma amanzi emapulazini ngaphambi kokuba akhishwe noma asetshenziswe kabusha. Ngokungafani nokugcina amanzi ajwayelekile, amathangi okungcola amanzi kumele abekezelele izindawo zamakhemikhali ezinolaka, imithwalo ye-hydrostatic eguquguqukayo, kanye nezinga eliphezulu lamagesi acubungulayo njenge-hydrogen sulfide (H2S) ne-ammonia (NH3).
Ukukhetha ithangi elifanele kufuna ukufanisa i-biological oxygen demand ($BOD$) ne-chemical oxygen demand (COD) yenqubo ethile nomsebenzi ofanele kanye nempahla yesakhiwo sethangi.
1. Imisebenzi Eyinhloko Enqubeni Yokwelapha
Ukwelapha amanzi angcolile akuyona isinyathelo esisodwa; kuyinqubo elandelanayo. Amathangi akhethekile kakhulu ngokusekelwe lapho ehlala khona kule nqubo yokugeleza:
1. Amathangi Okulinganisa (EQ): Ukulinganisa ukuhamba namanzi.
Amanzi angcolile angena esikhungweni ngamazinga ahlukahlukene kanye nokugxilisa amakhemikhali. Amathangi e-EQ asebenza njengesibhakabhaka, aqoqa ukwanda futhi axube ukudonswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukugeleza okuzinzile, okufanayo emibhalweni yokwelashwa kwebhayoloji.
2. Amathangi Okungena Komoya: Ukwenza lula ukwehliswa kwebhayoloji.
U-oksijeni ugomela ngamandla emanzini ukuze kusekelwe amagciwane e-aerobic, adla izinto ezingcolisa izinto eziphilayo. Lawa mathangi adinga ukuqina okunamandla okwakhiwa ukuze kubhekane nokudlidliza okuqhubekayo nokudideka kwama-diffusers nama-mixers.
3. Amathangi Okucacisa (Amathangi Okubeka): Ukuhlukanisa izinto eziqinile emanzini.
Ngemva kokwelashwa kwebhayoloji, amanzi ageleza aye ezindaweni zokucacisa lapho isivinini sihamba kancane kakhulu. Lokhu kuvumela izinto eziyisisekelo zebhayoloji ezintantayo (udaka) ukuba zihlale phansi ngenkathi amanzi acacile ageleza phezu kwezindonga phezulu.
4. Ama-Digester Angenawo Umoya: Ukuphatha udaka kanye ne-methane.
Lezi zimbiza ezikhethekile, ezivalekile zilimaza udaka olugxilile ngaphandle komoya. Kufanele zibe namandla amakhulu okumelana nezindawo ezine-acid futhi ngokuvamile zivalwa ukuze zibambe i-methane (CH4) ephumayo ukuze kukhiqizwe amandla avuselelekayo.
2. I-Matrix Yokukhetha Izinto
Imbangela ejwayelekile kakhulu yokwehluleka kwengqalasizinda yamanzi angcolile ukukhethwa kwezinto ezingalungile okuholela ekugugulekeni. Ubunjiniyela besimanje buthembele ezintweni eziningana ezihlukene, ezihlolwa ngokwezindleko zokutshala izimali (CAPEX) uma kuqhathaniswa nokuphila kokusebenza (OPEX).
Uhlobo Lwezinto | Ukumelana Nokugqwala | Isivinini Sokufakwa | Isikhathi Sokusebenza / Ukugcinwa |
I-Glass-Fused-to-Steel (GFS) | Okukhethekile (Isithiyo se-ceramic esingasebenzi) | Okusheshayo (Ukuhlanganiswa kwamamojuli anezikulufo) | Iminyaka engu-30+, ukugcinwa okuncane kakhulu |
Insipho Yensimbi Eboshwe Nge-Epoxy | Phezulu (I-polymer eboshwe ngokushisa) | Ngokushesha (Ukuhlanganiswa okuboshiwe okuyimodular) | Iminyaka engu-20+, ukuphinda upende ngezikhathi ezithile |
Insipho Yensimbi Ye-Carbon Eyenziwe Ensini | Emaphakathi (Kuncike ngokuphelele kupende wenkambu) | Kancane (Umsebenzi omkhulu oshisayo/ukushisela) | Iminyaka engu-15-20, ukuphinda upende njalo |
Ukhonkolo Othelelwe Endaweni | Kancane (Kubuthakathaka ekuhlaselweni yi-H2S acid) | Very Slow (Rebar and curing times) | Iminyaka engu-20-30, idinga izendlalelo/ama-epoxy |
I-Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic | Phezulu (i-matrix ehlala amakhemikhali) | Ngokushesha (Izitsha ezakhiwe ngaphambili) | Iminyaka engu-20+, ubukhulu bukhawulwe ukuthuthwa |
Ukuqonda okubalulekile: Ukhonkolo oluqheshiwe kanye nensimbi eyenziwe ngomlilo kusebenza kakhulu kuthathwa izinhlelo ezihlanganiswe ezimbonini (njenge-GFS noma i-FBE) ngenxa yokumelana kwayo okungcono nokugqwala okubangelwa amagciwane (MIC) kanye nokusetshenziswa okusheshayo esizeni.
3. Izindinganiso Ezibalulekile zobunjiniyela
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuvikelwa kwemvelo futhi kuvinjwe ukuvuza okukhulu kokudonswa okuyingozi, amathangi amanzi angcolile kumele akhelwe futhi akhelwe ngokuhambisana neziqondiso zobunjiniyela zamazwe ngamazwe:
● AWWA D103-09: Izinga lomhlaba wonke elilawula ukuklama, ukukhiqiza, nokwakhiwa kwamathangi ensimbi eqinile enezikulufo, enezicelo zokugqoka.
● ISO 28765: Isilinganiso sekhwalithi esinqumayo sokukhiqizwa kwamathangi okugcina enziwe nge-vitreous enamel (ingilazi-eqinile) asetshenziswa ezindaweni eziyingozi.
● AWWA D110: Izinga lamathangi amanzi ensimbi eyenziwe ngocingo nentambo eyenziwe ngocingo.
● API 650: Ngenkathi ngokwesiko isetshenziselwa uwoyela negesi, imihlahlandlela yayo yesakhiwo ivame ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso zamathangi amanzi amdaka agcwaliswe ensimbi, anezansi eyisicaba asebenza ngaphansi kwengcindezi yomoya.
Ekugcineni, incazelo yethangi lamanzi amdaka idlulela kude kakhulu kunemane iyisiqukathi esibambayo; kuyi-reactor esebenzayo, eyakhelwe injongo ebaluleke kakhulu ekuhlanzeni imvelo yomhlaba kanye nokuhambisana kwezimboni.
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