Iyini Ithangi Lamanzi Angcolile- Incazelo, Izinhlobo Nokuthi Lisebenza Kanjani
Kwadalwa ngo 05.15
Yini Ithangi Lamanzi Angcolile- Incazelo, Izinhlobo Nokuthi Lisebenza Kanjani
Ithangi lamanzi angcolile iwumkhumbi ovaliwe ogcina indle, imfucuza yezimboni, noma amanzi enqubo ukuze agcinwe, alinganiswe, noma aphathwe ngokwebhayoloji ngaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwayo. Iningi lawo amathangi ensimbi aboshiwe asemkhathini noma anengcindezi ephansi, afakwe ngaphakathi noma agcotshwe ukuze amelane nokugqwala, futhi alinganiswa ngokugeleza kwamanzi nesikhathi sokugcina. Amathangi e-Glass-fused-to-steel (GFS) asetshenziswa kakhulu ngoba i-enamel evuthiwe imelana nobubanzi be-pH yamanzi angcolile angempela kuyilapho isakhiwo esiboshiwe sivumela ukumiswa okusheshayo nokuhambisekayo.
Yonke indawo yokuhlanza amanzi, imvume yokukhipha amanzi yasefektri, kanye nohlelo lokuqoqa lukamasipala ekugcineni ludinga indawo yokugcina uketshezi olungenakudlulela ngqo esinyathelweni esilandelayo. Ukugeleza kuyashintshashintsha usuku lonke, imithwalo ifika ngamaqoqo, futhi izinqubo zebhayoloji zidinga amahora noma izinsuku ukwenza umsebenzi wazo. Ithangi lamanzi angcolile yisakhiwo esimunca lokho kungafani. Ukuqonda ukuthi leli gama lihlanganisa ini, ukuthi izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zihluke kanjani, nokuthi kwenzekani ngempela ngaphakathi kwegobolondo yisinyathelo sokuqala ngaphambi kwanoma yisiphi isinqumo sokucacisa noma sokuthenga mayelana nethangi lamanzi angcolile.
Iyini Ithangi Lamanzi Angcolile
Ithangi lamanzi angcolile lichazwa umsebenzi walo, hhayi ukuma kwalo. Yinoma yisiphi isitsha esakhiwe ngobuchwepheshe noma umgqomo ogcina okwesikhashana, olinganisa, noma ohlanza amanzi athwele izinto ezingantantayo, izinto eziphilayo, imisoco, noma amakhemikhali. Uqweqwe lwalo lungaba yindilinga noma lungaba yisikwele, lungcwatshwe noma luphakanyisiwe, kodwa umsebenzi walo ukugcina ngaphansi kwezimo zomoya noma zokucindezelwa okuncane. Uma ubuza ukuthi liyini ithangi lamanzi angcolile ngomugqa owodwa, impendulo iyilokho kanye: isitsha esigciniwe, esimboziwe okukuphela komsebenzi waso ukugcina amanzi angcolile eqinile ngenkathi inqubo ewuzungezile yenza umsebenzi wangempela.
Umngcele phakathi kokugcina nokuphatha uvame ukungacaci. Ithangi lokulinganisa limane libambe ukugeleza, kuyilapho i-anaerobic digester ihlukanisa ngamandla izinto eziphilayo futhi ikhiqize i-biogas. Womabili ngokufanelekile "amathangi amanzi angcolile" nakuba elinye lingenzi lutho futhi elinye liyi-reactor enophahla oluqoqa igesi.
Izinhlobo Eziyinhloko Ngomsebenzi
Amathangi okulinganisa kanye namabhafa anciphisa ukuhamba nokulayisha. Ahlukanisa ukuhlukahluka kwangaphambili nezigaba zebhayoloji ezingaphansi, avikele izinqubo ezibucayi emithwalweni eshubile yamandla noma yevolumu ebingase igcweze i-biomass.
Ama-digester e-anaerobic aguqula izinto eziphilayo zibe i-biogas. Ukusebenza eduze kuka-35–38 °C wesevisi ye-mesophilic, abamba udaka noma i-effluent enamandla aphezulu ngenkathi amagciwane ekhipha igesi ecebile nge-methane. Igas ngokuvamile ibanjwa uphahla oluguquguqukayo olunamangqamuzana amabili ngamakPa ambalwa ngaphezu kwe-atmospheric.
Amathangi e-aeration ne-activated-sludge ahlinzeka nge-oxygen. Umoya osabalalisiwe noma ama-aerator angaphezulu agcina i-biomass ilenga futhi ixidize i-ammonia ne-carbon. Lawa ngokuvamile ayibhulokhi yevolumu enkulu kakhulu embonini futhi asebenza ngamandla amakhulu kakhulu.
Ama-clarifiers kanye nama-sludge thickeners ahlukanisa izigaba. Izindawo ezithule zivumela i-floc ukuthi ihleleke; umfudlana ocacile uyaphindwa usetshenziswe noma ukhishwe futhi izinto eziqinile ezijiyile ziyiswa ekukhipheni amanzi noma ekugayeni. Amathangi okugcina i-sludge avala igebe phakathi kokukhiqizwa nohlelo lokukhipha amanzi.
Ithangi le-GFS eliboshiwe lisebenza kanjani
Amaphaneli ensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi ashiselwa ukuthi uqweqwe lwengilazi nensimbi kube yinto eyodwa. Amashidi ensimbi afakwa uqweqwe lwe-silica-based enamel futhi ashisiswa ku-820–930 °C, okuhlanganisa ungqimba lwengilazi olungu-0.25–0.45 mm olungeke lusuke nje njengopende. Umphumela uwukuthi ingaphezulu elilinganiselwa ngaphezu kuka-3,450 N/cm² eline-Ra < 0.8 µm, elihlala lihlanzekile futhi limelana nokungcola.
Amabhawodi, hhayi ukushisela, enza ukuthi igobolondo lihlanganiswe endaweni. Amaphaneli enziwe efektri acishe abe ngu-1.2 m ububanzi ayaphakanyiswa futhi aboshwe ngamagasketi, ngakho ithangi lamanzi angcolile lingamiswa, lihanjiswe, noma landiswe ngaphandle kokushisela okusindayo endaweni. Iphaneli ngayinye ihlolwa nge-spark ku-1500 V DC ngaphambi kokuthi ithangi lamukelwe, okubamba izindawo zoqweqwe ezingeke zibonwe ukuhlola ngamehlo.
Izidingo Zezinto Zokwakha Nokugqwala
Amanzi angcolile awavamile ukuba phakathi nendawo. I-pH ingashintsha isuka ekungeneni okune-asidi iye ezigabeni zokuhlanza ezinomgogodla, futhi i-hydrogen sulfide ihlasela kokubili insimbi nokhonkolo. I-enamel evuthiwe ibekezelela ububanzi be-pH 1–14, yingakho i-GFS iyisisekelo esivamile semifudlana ehlanganisiwe yezimboni neyomasipala lapho ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kungalindelekile.
Ukukhethwa kwe-coating kulandela umsebenzi. I-Epoxy powder (FBE, 180–280 µm, >4000 h salt spray) ifaneleka emsebenzini othile wamakhemikhali; i-stainless 304/316L igcinelwe umsebenzi wezinga eliphezulu noma we-chloride ephezulu lapho izindleko zivuma; insimbi ye-galvanized ifanele imifudlana yamanzi ahlanzekile kodwa hhayi amanzi angcolile anolaka. Ukukhetha i-lining kusuka ekwakhekeni kwamanzi kwangempela kuvimbela ukwehluleka kokuqala okuvame ukubonakala ensimbini ependiwe emsebenzini.
Ukucaciswa Kobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ububanzi | Qaphela |
Uhlobo lwethangi | Insimbi ehlanganisiwe enomfutho womoya / ongaphansi | GFS, FBE, insimbi engagqwali, ehlanganisiwe ngokushisela |
Ukumboza (GFS) | 0.25–0.45 mm i-enamel eshisisiwe | kuhlanganiswe ku-820–930 °C |
Ukubekezelela i-pH | 1–14 | umfula wamanzi angcolile obanzi |
Impilo yokuklama | ≥ 30 iminyaka | ngokuhlolwa |
Ukuhlolwa kwesihlansi | 1500 V DC | ukuhlolwa kweholide ngephaneli ngayinye |
Ububanzi bephaneli | ~1.2 m | ukuhlanganiswa endaweni ngamabhawodi |
Amabhawodi | 8.8-grade | nge-EPDM gasket |
Amazinga | AWWA D103-09, ISO 28765, NSF/ANSI 61 | lapho kusebenza khona |
Amachibi e-Wastewater ahlala kuphi embonini
Isitimela esijwayelekile sibeka ithangi lokulinganisa ngemuva kokungena, lilandelwe amathangi ebhayoloji, bese kuba ama-clarifiers, namathangi e-sludge kanye ne-digester asuka emgqeni omkhulu. Ukulinganisa ithangi ngalinye le-wastewater ngesikhathi salo sokugcina—ngokuvamile izinsuku zokugaya, amahora okulinganisa—kugcina uhlelo lonke luzinzile lapho ukungena kungenye into ngaphandle kokungaguquki, futhi kuvumela umsebenzi oyedwa ukuphatha ukukhuphuka kwemithwalo okungenzeka kwephule imikhawulo yemvume.
Icala leProjekthi
Iprojekthi | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Ukuhlanza indle yedolobha | Sichuan, China | Amathangi e-GFS aboshiwe | 17,420 m³ kumathangi angu-10 | ukuhlinzekwa kwamathangi angu-10 afakwe uqweqwe lwe-enamel (φ20.63×8.4 m ×2, φ26.75×7.2 m ×2, φ15.29×7.2 m ×2, kanye namayunithi amancane) |
Ikhono Lobunjiniyela Le-Center Enamel
UCenter Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isungule futhi yakha amathangi okugcina anezibophezelo kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi ensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe umthamo wokukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, i-WRAS, i-FDA, i-LFGB, i-CE (EN 1090), i-ISO 28765, i-FM, i-BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukuklama kubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo lokusetshenziswa ludinga khona.
Okokugcina kukamasipala nezimboni, lokhu kusho ukuthi ithangi lezindle kungacaciswa kusukela kusisekelo esifakazelwe se-enamel-coating futhi lilethwe njengamaphaneli aboshiwe alinganiswe nezidingo zokugcina zemboni.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Uyini umehluko phakathi kwethangi lamanzi angcolile kanye ne-digester?
Impendulo 1: Ithangi lamanzi angcolile iyisigaba esibanzi sanoma yimuphi umkhumbi ogcina amanzi angcolile; i-digester iwuhlobo oluthile oluhlanza ngokwebhayoloji imfucuza enamandla aphezulu futhi lubambe i-biogas. Ama-digester amaningi nawo ngokwawo angamathangi amanzi angcolile.
Umbuzo 2: Ingabe amathangi amanzi angcolile anomfutho?
Impendulo 2: Iningi lawo lingaphansi komfutho womoya noma linomfutho omncane kakhulu. Ngisho nama-anaerobic digester anophahla lwegesi asebenza ngama-kPa ambalwa kuphela. Amathangi e-GFS awazona izitsha ezinomfutho ophezulu.
Umbuzo 3: Kungani kusetshenziswa ingilazi ehlanganiswe nensimbi emanzini angcolile?
Impendulo 3: I-enamel eshisisiwe imelana nobubanzi be-pH kanye nokuqukethwe okuhluphayo nokugqwalayo kwamanzi angcolile angempela kangcono kunopende, futhi isimo esihlanganisiwe sivumela ukumiswa okusheshayo nokunyakazisekayo.
Umbuzo 4: Umthamo wethangi unqunywa kanjani?
A4: Umthamo ulandela izinga lokugeleza kanye nesikhathi sokugcinwa esidingekayo somsebenzi—amahora okulinganisa, izinsuku zokugaya—bese kuqinisekiswa ngokumelene nendawo yesiza kanye nemikhawulo yesisekelo.
Q5: Ingabe ithangi lamanzi angcolile lingandiswa kamuva?
A5: Amathangi e-GFS aboshwe ngamabhawudi angaphakanyiswa noma ahambisane namanye amathangi ngoba amaphaneli asezingeni elilinganayo, okufanele izitshalo ezikhula ngezigaba.
Q6: Ingabe la mathangi ahlangabezana namazinga aseduze namanzi okuphuza?
A6: Lapho i-lining ithinta amanzi okuphuza noma amanzi enqubo, izitifiketi ezifana ne-NSF/ANSI 61 ne-WRAS ziyasebenza; emsebenzini wamanzi angcolile i-coating ikhethwa ukumelana nokugqwala, hhayi ukuphuza.
Q7: Yikuphi ukunakekelwa okudingwa ithangi le-GFS?
A7: Ukuhlolwa ngezikhathi zamabhawudi, ama-gasket, nophahla, kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-holiday kwanoma iyiphi indawo elungisiwe; i-enamel ngokwayo ayisebenzi kakhulu futhi ayidingi ukuphindwa ukugcotshwa ngaphansi kwesevisi evamile.
Ithangi lezindle lezindlu lizwakala kangcono ngomsebenzi walo—ukugcina, ukulinganisa, noma ukwelapha amanzi angcolile—hhayi ngesimo esisodwa. Uhlobo olufanele lulandela isinyathelo senqubo, futhi emifudlaneni exubile yasekhaya neyezimboni, igobolondo lensimbi elihlanganiswe nengilazi linikeza isisekelo esimelana nokugqwala, esiboshwe endaweni, esikhula ngesitshalo. Chaza kusukela esikhathini sokugcina kanye nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali wamanzi kuqala, bese uqinisekisa ukumbozwa kanye nejiyometri.
Khuluma nonjiniyela
Uma uhlela umugqa omusha noma uthuthukisa umcengezi omdala, yabelana ngokugeleza kwakho, umgomo wokugcina, kanye nephrofayili elindelekile ye-pH nezinto eziqinile. I-Center Enamel ingabuyisela isiphakamiso sethangi lezindle lezindlu elilinganisiwe elinokumbozwa, amaphaneli, nezinketho zophahla ezihambisana nomsebenzi wakho.
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