Iyini i-Sewage Water Tank futhi Isebenza Kanjani?
Kwadalwa ngo 07.13
Liyini Ithangi Lamanzi Engcolile Futhi Lisebenza Kanjani?
Ithangi lamanzi elindle (noma isitsha sokuhlanza amanzi angcolile) iyisitsha sezimboni esakhiwe ngobuchwepheshe obuphezulu esenzelwe ukuqoqa, ukuxuba, nokuhlanza amanzi angcolile. Esikhundleni sokugcina amanzi nje, amathangi esimanje okuhlanza amanzi asebenza njengezihlukanisi zemishini ezisebenzayo kanye nama-reactor ebhayoloji. Akha izindawo ezilawulwayo lapho amandla adonsela phansi, amakhemikhali, kanye namagciwane amancane kungakhipha izinto eziphilayo, izinsimbi ezisindayo, kanye namagciwane emanzini ngaphambi kokuba akhishwe noma asetshenziswe kabusha ngokuphephile.
Ngenxa yokuthi ukuhlanza amanzi angcolile kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi enezigaba eziningi, isikhungo asivamisile ukusebenzisa ithangi elilodwa kuphela. Esikhundleni salokho, amanzi ageleza ngohlelo lokulandelana kwamathangi akhethekile, ngalinye lakhelwe indlela ehlukile yomzimba noma yebhayoloji.
Ukusebenza Kwayo: Izigaba Ezi-4 Zokuhlanza Ngamathangi
Ukuze uqonde ukuthi ithangi lamanzi elindle lisebenza kanjani, kufanele ubheke indima yalo ethile kwezamanzi nezebhayoloji ohlelweni oluphelele "lokuhlanza".
1. Ukulinganisa Ukugeleza (Isigaba Sokubamba)
Ezinhlelweni zikamasipala nezamabhizinisi, ukugeleza kwamanzi angcolile akulindelekile kakhulu. Isiphepho esingazelelwe noma ukugezwa kwemboni kungagcwalisa uhlelo. Amathangi okulinganisa asebenza njengezinto ezinkulu zokumunca ukushaqeka. Aqoqa indle engcolile engenayo, ayixube ngokuqhubekayo ukuze avimbele izinto eziqinile ukuthi zingahlali phansi, bese eyikhipha ngezinga elilinganiselwe, elilawulwayo. Lokhu kuvikela ama-reactor ebhayoloji abucayi angaphansi ekugcwalisweni ngokweqile ngenxa yevolumu eyedlulele noma ukukhuphuka kwamakhemikhali.
2. Ukwelashwa Kokuqala (Ukuhlukaniswa Ngomshini)
Okulandelayo, amanzi ageleza angene emathangini okuhlanza (noma izitsha zokuhlehla). I-physics lapha ilula kodwa ibalulekile: ithangi lakhelwe ukunciphisa kakhulu isivinini samanzi.
● Izinto eziqinile ezisindayo (udaka) zicwila phansi ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi, lapho zikhuhlanwa khona.
● Izinto ezilula (scum), njengamafutha namafutha, zintanta phezulu futhi ziyasuswa.
● Uketshezi olucwebezelisiwe olusendaweni ephakathi nendawo lube seludlulela esigabeni sokwelashwa kwebhayoloji.
3. Ukwelashwa Kwesibili (Ukucutshungulwa Kwebhayoloji)
Yilapha lapho "ukuhlanza" kwangempela kwenzeka khona, kuncike ngokuphelele ezintweni eziphilayo.
● Amathangi Okungenisa Umoya: Kulezi zitsha, ama-blower amakhulu ampompa umoya-mpilo (O2) emanzini. Lokhu kusekela "i-activated sludge"—amakholoni amabhaktheriya e-aerobic adla ngokushesha ukungcola okuphilayo okuncibilikile.
● Ama-Membrane Bioreactors (MBR): Okuyisimo esivame kakhulu ngo-2026, lawa mathangi ahlanganisa ukwelashwa kwamabhaktheriya kwendabuko nokuhlunga nge-membrane encane kakhulu, okuthola amanzi ahlanzekile kakhulu endaweni encane kakhulu.
4. Ukucutshungulwa Kodaka (I-Anaerobic Digestion)
Indle yangcolile ekhishwe ezinyathelweni zangaphambili kufanele incishiswe amandla. Iphonswa emathangini e-anaerobic digester avaliwe angenawo umoya-mpilo. Lapha, amabhaktheriya akhethekile e-anaerobic abola udaka oluyinkimbinkimbi lwezinto eziphilayo. Umkhiqizo obaluleke kakhulu wale nqubo i-biogas, ikakhulukazi i-methane (CH4), leyo izikhungo zesimanje eziyibambayo futhi ziyishise ukuze zikhiqize ugesi wazo ovuselelekayo.
Ukwakhiwa Kwethangi: Ukushintsha Kuya Kubunjiniyela Be-Modular
Indle itholakala izinto ezigqwala kakhulu. Njengoba izinto eziphilayo zibola, zikhipha igesi ye-hydrogen sulfide ($\text{H}_2\text{S}$), eguquka ngokushesha ibe i-sulfuric acid emgqeni womhwamuko, yonakalise ukhonkolo lwendabuko nensimbi ekhabhoni eluhlaza.
Ngenxa yalokhu, onjiniyela bezikhungo zesimanje bathanda kakhulu izinto ezithuthukisiwe ze-modular:
Uhlobo Lwezinto | Isimo Esisetshenziswa Kakhulu | Inzuzo Eyinhloko Yezobunjiniyela |
Ingilazi Exutshwe Nensimbi (GFS) | Ama-digester angena-moya-mpilo, amanzi angcolile ezimboni ezinzima | Ukumelana namakhemikhali okuphezulu; amaphaneli awadingi ukushisela endaweni noma ukuphinda agcotshwe. |
Insizimbi Engagqitshiwe Eboshiwe | Amachibi okungenisa umoya, amanzi angcolile okudla | Inhlanzeko ephezulu, ukuhambisana nensimbi engenalutho, nokuhlanganiswa okusheshayo. |
Insizimbi Egcotshwe nge-Epoxy | Ukugcinwa kukamasipala, amathangi okulinganisa | Amandla esakhiwo abiza kancane anokuvikelwa okuthembekile kokugqwala okuncane. |
Ukhonkolo Oqinisiwe | Izitshalo ezinkulu ezisendaweni eyodwa zakudala | Isikali esikhulu, nakuba sisengozini enkulu yokuqhekeka nokuhlaselwa yi-asidi ngaphandle kwama-liners. |
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa (FAQ)
Umbuzo: Ingabe amathangi endlayo ahlanza amanzi ngokuphelele?
Impendulo: Alikho ithangi elilodwa elihlanza amanzi ngokuphelele. Kudinga uhlelo lwamathangi asebenza ngokulandelana. Kodwa-ke, ekupheleni kokwelashwa kwesithathu, amanzi avame ukuba ahlanzekile ngokwanele ukunisela kwezolimo, ukupholisa kwezimboni, futhi—ezinhlelweni ezivaliwe ezithuthukile—ngisho nokusetshenziswa kabusha okuphindile njengamanzi okuphuzwayo.
Umbuzo: Kungani amathangi esimanje okuhlanza amanzi engcolile akhiwa ngokuqondile phezulu esikhundleni sokumbiwa phansi?
A: Ama-tanki amile, ayisilinda (ngokuvamile amadizayini ensimbi eboshiwe) adinga ingxenye encane yesikhala somhlaba. Lokhu kusetshenziswa kwendawo encane kubalulekile ezindaweni zemboni eziminyene nasezindaweni zasemadolobheni. Amadizayini amile futhi akha umfutho wamanzi ophakeme, okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuxuba nokufaka umoya.
Umbuzo: Izingadi zokuhlanza zilawula kanjani iphunga elivela kula ma-tanki?
Impendulo: Ukulawulwa kwephunga kufinyelelwa kakhulu ngokugcinwa okuqinile nokuphathwa kwezinto eziphilayo. Izitsha ezinamaphunga aphezulu njengama-anaerobic digesters zivalwa ngokuqinile (ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa uphahla lwe-double-membrane). Ngaphezu kwalokho, umoya ophumayo ovela kuma-tanki okufaka umoya uvame ukuhanjiswa ngezihlanzi zamakhemikhali noma ama-biofilters ukuze kuncishiswe izinto eziphilayo eziguquguqukayo ngaphambi kokukhululwa.
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