Iyini iThangi Lokugcina Amanzi Okuphuza
Kwadalwa ngo 07.14
Iyini iThangi Lokugcina Amanzi Okuphuza?
Ithangi lokugcina amanzi okuphuza (elivame ukubizwa ngokuthi ithangi lamanzi aphuzekayo) liyisakhiwo sobunjiniyela esikhethekile, esivalwe ngokwezempilo esiklanyelwe ukugcina amanzi acutshunguliwe, ahlanzekile ahloselwe ukusetshenziswa ngabantu. Ngokungafani namathangi ajwayelekile ezinsiza noma ezimboni, ithangi lamanzi okuphuza kufanele lakhiwe ngokuphelele ngezinto ezingenazimbotshana, ezingenazo izimbotshana ezihlangabezana nemithetho eqinile yezempilo yomphakathi.
Inhloso eyinhloko yethangi lokugcina amanzi okuphuza ukuhlinzeka ngesivikelo esiqinile somzimba ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi yokusabalalisa kamasipala, ezentengiselwano, noma yendawo yokuhlala. Ivikela umthamo ogciniwe ezingozini zemvelo zangaphandle—ezifana namagciwane abangela izifo, izinambuzane, amanzi emvula agelezayo, kanye nemfucumfucu ephilayo—ngenkathi igcina umfutho wesistimu ongaguquki futhi inikeza izinqolobane ezibalulekile zokusetshenziswa okuphezulu kwansuku zonke kanye nokucisha umlilo.
Yiziphi Izitifiketi Zokulawula Ezichaza Ithangi Lamanzi Okuphuza?
Ngenxa yokuthi amanzi awumuketshezi wemvelo okwazi ukumunca izinto ezilandelwayo zamakhemikhali ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izindawo ezingaphakathi zethangi lokugcina amanzi okuphuza akumele zibe nezakhi ezinobuthi noma ezikwazi ukuchitheka. Kubunjiniyela bomphakathi kanye nokwakha okuchwepheshile, zonke izinto ezithinta amanzi kumele ziqinisekiswe ngokuqinile:
● NSF/ANSI/CAN 61: Lena indinganiso eyisisekelo yomhlaba wonke mayelana nemiphumela yezempilo. Iqinisekisa ukuthi izingxenye ezinjengezinto zokuvikela, amaphaneli ezakhiwo, izinto zokuvala, namagaskethi azikhiphi izinsimbi ezinzima noma ama-volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emanzini.
● NSF/ANSI 372: Lena indinganiso eqinisekisa ngokuqondile ukuthi umkhiqizo awunalo umthofu, igunyaza ukuthi isilinganiso esisindayo somthofu kuzo zonke izindawo ezithintwa amanzi singezi ngaphezu kuka-0.25%.
● AWAWA Standards: I-American Water Works Association inikeza imihlahlandlela eqondene nokwakha (njenge-AWWA D103 yensimbi ebhontshisiwe noma i-D100 yensimbi eyoshwe) elawula ubuqotho besakhiwo kanye nemikhawulo yokuklanywa kwalezi zitsha zokugcina.
Yiziphi Izinto Ezisetshenziswa Ukwakha Amathangi Okugcina Amanzi Okuphuza?
Ukukhetha into yethangi kuncike emandleni okugcina adingekayo, izimo zemvelo zendawo, kanye nesabelomali somsebenzi esikhona. Izinketho ezintathu ezivame kakhulu ezingqalasizinda yesimanje zihlanganisa:
Impahla Yethangi | Common Capacity Range | Primary Advantage | Iphrofayili Yokugcinwa |
Ingilazi ehlanganiswe nensimbi (GFS) | Amalitha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-20 kuya kweziyizigidi eziyi-5 noma ngaphezulu | Ingaphakathi lengilazi elingasebenzi ngamakhemikhali livimbela ukugqwala nokwakheka kwe-scale ngaphandle kwe-liner yepulasitiki. | Iphansi Kakhulu: Akudingekile ukuhlanza ngomhlabathi noma ukufaka upende ngaphakathi esikhathini esingaphezu kweminyaka engu-50. |
I-Polyethylene Yezinga Lokudla (HDPE) | Amalitha ayi-100 kuya kwayi-15,000 | Isebenza kahle, ilula, futhi inezindleko eziphansi kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni ezindlini noma emabhizinisini amancane. | Iphansi: Idinga ukuhlanganiswa okuzinzile nge-UV noma okumnyama ukuze ivimbele ukukhanya kwelanga futhi ivimbele ukukhula kwe-algae. |
Insimbi yeCarbon Eshisayo | Amalitha angu-50,000 kuya kwezingu-10,000,000+ | Izimo zesakhiwo eziguquguqukayo kakhulu; amandla esakhiwo ahlukile emazingeni amakhulu kakhulu. | Phezulu: Kudinga ukuhlanganiswa kabusha kwe-epoxy ngaphakathi nangaphandle njalo eminyakeni eyi-10 kuya kweyi-15 ukuze kunqandwe ukugqwala. |
Amathangi Okugcina Agcina Kanjani Ikhwalithi Yamanzi Okuphuza?
Ukumpompa nje amanzi ahlanzekile ethangini eligunyaziwe akuqinisekisi ukuthi azohlala ephephile. Amanzi amile ngokwemvelo ayonakala. Abaphathi bezimpahla zamanzi basebenzisa amasu athile okuklama ukuze babhekane nezinsongo ezimbili eziyinhloko ekhwalithini yamanzi:
1. Ubudala Bamanzi Nokuncipha Kwezinsalela Zokubulala Amagciwane
Uma amanzi ehlala ethangini isikhathi eside kakhulu, i-chlorine noma i-chloramine eyengezwe ngesikhathi sokwelashwa iyanyamalala ngokwemvelo. Ngaphandle kwalesi sivikelo sezinsalela, amagciwane anethuba afana ne-Legionella anganda. Ukuvimbela ubudala bamanzi obuningi, amathangi anamuhla akalwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umjikelezo wokushintshwa kwamanzi uphelela njalo ezinsukwini ezi-3 kuya kwezi-5.
2. Ukuhlukaniswa Kwezinga Lokushisa
Ukushisa kwelanga kushisisa ungqimba olungaphezulu lwamanzi ethangini, kuyilapho amanzi angaphansi ehlala ebanda futhi eminyene. Lokhu kuhlukana kwezinga lokushisa kudala izindawo ezinganyakazi lapho amagciwane achuma khona. Ukulwa nalokhu, onjiniyela bafaka izinhlelo ezisebenzayo zokuxuba amanzi e-hydrodynamic ezijikeleza amanzi ngokuqhubekayo, ziqinisekisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa nokusatshalaliswa kwezibulala-magciwane kufana ngokuphelele.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa (FAQ)
Umbuzo: Uyini umehluko phakathi kwethangi lamanzi ampunga nethangi lokugcina amanzi okuphuza?
Impendulo: Ithangi lamanzi ampunga ligcina amanzi angcolile asetshenzisiwe, angaphuzeki, avela emifudlaneni, emishinini yokuwasha, noma ezinhlelweni zokuqoqa imvula, aphephe kuphela ukugeza izindlu zangasese noma ukunisela ngaphansi komhlabathi. Ithangi lamanzi okuphuza ligcina amanzi ahlanzwe ngokuqinile, aphathwe, aphephe ngokuphelele ukuphuzwa, ukupheka, nokugeza. Lezi zinhlelo ezimbili akumele zixhunywe ndawonye.
Umbuzo: Kungani amathangi okugcina amanzi okuphuza edinga izimbobo zomoya?
Impendulo: Uma amanzi ekhishwa ngokushesha ethangini, kudala umoya ongaphakathi ongabangela ukuthi umkhumbi uwohloke. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukugcwalisa ithangi kuphoqa umoya ukuba uphume. Amathangi okuphuza asebenzisa izimbobo zomoya ezinamandla amakhulu ukuze alinganisele lo mfutho. Lezi zimbobo kufanele zifakwe izikrini ezingagqwali, ezinamasheya amancane (ngokuvamile ama-24-mesh noma amancane) ukuze kungangeni izinambuzane, izinyoni, uthuli, namagciwane asemoyeni.
Umbuzo: Ingabe u-algae ungakhula ngaphakathi ethangini lokugcina amanzi okuphuza?
A: I-algae ingakhula kuphela uma izimo ezimbili zihlangatshezwana: ukuba khona kwezinhlamvu ze-algae nokuchayeka ekukhanyeni. Amathangi okuphuza amanzi avimbela lokhu ngokusebenzisa izindonga ezingabonakali ngokuphelele (njengamapulasitiki amnyama, avimba i-UV noma amaphaneli ensimbi aqinile) kanye nezindawo zokungena ezivikelekile, ezingenakukhanya ukuze anqamule ngokuphelele ukukhanya kwelanga okudingekayo ekwakhiweni kwe-photosynthesis.
WhatsApp