Ayini Amathangi Okugaya Okungena-Moya?
Kwadalwa ngo 07.03
Ayini Amathangi E-Anaerobic Digester?
Ekushintsheni komhlaba wonke kuye emandleni avuselelekayo nokuphathwa kwemfucuza okusimeme, amathangi e-anaerobic digester asebenza njengengqalasizinda ebalulekile. Ngaphezu nje kokugcina uketshezi okujwayelekile, lezi zitsha ezikhethekile zisebenza njengama-reactor ezinto eziphilayo lapho izinto eziphilayo zihlukaniswa khona ngaphandle komoya-mpilo ngokuphelele.
Ngokuphinda ukubola kwemvelo ngaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwa ngokuqinile zokushisa, ukuxuba, nokuvalwa, amathangi e-anaerobic digester aguqulela imfucuza yemvelo ibe yizinsiza ezibalulekile: i-biogas evuselelekayo (ikakhulukazi i-methane ne-carbon dioxide) kanye nomanyolo we-digestate onomsoco.
1. Izigaba Eziyisisekelo Zebhayoloji Ngaphakathi KweThangi Le-Digester
Ukugaya ngaphandle komoya-mpilo kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi yamabhayoloji enezinyathelo eziningi eqhutshwa amaqembu akhethekile ama-microorganism. Ngaphakathi kwethangi le-digester, ukubola kwenzeka ngezigaba ezine ezilandelanayo:
1. Ukuchithwa kwamanzi: Ama-polymer ayinkimbinkimbi—njengamaprotheni, amafutha, nama-carbohydrate avela ekudleni okulahliwe, umquba, noma udaka lwendle—ahlukaniswa abe ama-monomer alula ancibilikayo ngama-enzyme angaphandle kwamaseli.
2. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-asidi (Ukuvutshelwa): Amabhaktheriya akhiqiza i-asidi aguqule lawa ma-monomer alula abe ama-volatile fatty acids (VFAs), ama-alcohol, i-carbon dioxide, ne-ammonia.
3. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-acetate: Amabhaktheriya akhiqiza i-acetate aguqule ama-volatile fatty acids aphakathi nendawo abe i-acetic acid, i-hydrogen, ne-carbon dioxide.
4. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-methane: Ama-archaea akhiqiza i-methane adle i-acetate, i-hydrogen, ne-carbon dioxide esigabeni sokugcina, akhiqize i-biogas enothile nge-methane (CH4).
2. Ukuhlelwa Okubalulekile Kwezinto Zokusabela kanye Nemiklamo Yamathangi
Ukukhetha isakhiwo esifanele sethangi kanye nokwakheka kokuxuba kuncike kakhulu ekugxileni kwe-total solids (TS) kanye nezici ze-feedstock:
● Ama-Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors (CSTR): Asetshenziswa kakhulu ekugayweni okumanzi (ngokuvamile ngaphansi kwe-15% yezinto eziqinile), anezinhlelo eziqinile zokuxuba ngomshini noma nge-hydraulic ukuze kugcinwe ukungaguquguquki kwe-slurry.
● Ama-Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) Reactors: Ama-reactor aphezulu okucubungula amanzi angcolile lapho amanzi angenayo ehamba phezulu esihlabathini se-sludge ephilayo, athandwa kakhulu ekucubunguleni ukudla neziphuzo.
● Izinhlelo Zokugaya Okunamazinga Aphezulu / Okomile: Zenzelwe ukuphatha izingxenye eziphilayo ezingaphezu kwe-15% kuya ku-20% yezinto eziqinile, ezidinga izindlela ezikhethekile ezinzima zokondla nokukhuhla.
I-Matrix Yokughathanisa: Izinga Lokushisa Ekugayweni Kwe-Anaerobic
Ipharamitha | Ukugaywa Kwe-Mesophilic | Ukugaywa Kwe-Thermophilic |
Izinga Lokushisa Lokusebenza | 35°C kuya ku-40°C (95°F–104°F) | 50°C kuya ku-55°C (122°F–131°F) |
Ukuzinza Kwenqubo | Phezulu; akuzweli kakhulu ekuphazamisekeni kokusebenza kanye nokushaqeka kobuthi | Phansi; kudinga ukulawulwa okuqinile kokushisa namakhemikhali |
Ukunciphisa Amagciwane | Okulinganiselayo; ukuhlanzwa okwengxenye kwemfucuza yezinto eziphilayo | Okungcono kakhulu; kufeza ukubulawa okucishe kuphelele kwamagciwane nembewu yokhula |
Isivuno se-Biogas Nokushesha Kwayo | Izinga lokusabela elilinganiselayo kanye nomthamo wokukhiqiza igesi | Ukusheshiswa kokugaywa kanye nesivuno esiphezulu segesi nsuku zonke |
Imibuzo Ejwayelekile (FAQ)
Umbuzo: Liyini ithangi le-anaerobic digester?
Impendulo: Ithangi le-anaerobic digester umkhumbi wezimboni ongenamoya, oklanywe ngobunjiniyela, ocubungula imfucuza ephilayo ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi yamagciwane lapho kungekho umoya-mpilo nhlobo, kukhiqiza i-biogas evuselelekayo kanye nomanyolo ocebile ngezakhi.
Q: Yiziphi izinhlobo zezinto ezingagaywa kuma-anaerobic digesters?
A: Ama-digester agaya imithombo ehlukahlukene yezinto eziphilayo, okuhlanganisa udaka lamanzi angcolile asemadolobheni, umquba wezilwane zasemapulazini, imfucuza yokudla yezentengiselwano, kanye namanzi angcolile anamandla ezimboni avela ezindaweni zokwenza ubhiya nokucubungula ukudla.
Q: Yiziphi imiphumela eyinhloko yohlelo lokugaya i-anaerobic?
A: Imikhiqizo emibili eyinhloko i-biogas (umthombo wamandla ovuselelekayo oqukethe i-methane ne-carbon dioxide ongathuthukiswa ube yi-biomethane/RNG) kanye ne-digestate (umanyolo ophilayo ophilayo, onomsoco ogcwele).
Q: Kungani ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa kubalulekile ngaphakathi kwethangi le-digester?
A: Izinga lokushisa lilawula izinga le-metabolism kanye nokusinda kwama-microorganisms akhiqiza i-methane. Ukugcina amazinga okushisa azinzile e-mesophilic noma e-thermophilic kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza i-biogas futhi kuvimbela ukwehluleka kohlelo.
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