Yini i-Silo Yosawoti: Ukugcinwa Kwesisindo Esikhulu Esigqwalayo, Ukufakwa Kwezinto Zokuvikela Nokuhlelwa Kokugeleza
Kwadalwa ngo 07.29
Iyini i-Silo Kasawoti: Ukugcinwa Kwezinto Ezinkulu Ezilimazayo, Ukufakwa Kwezinto Zokuvikela Nokuhlelwa Kokugeleza
I-silo likasawoti isitsha sensimbi esiyisilinda esigcina usawoti owomile noma i-feedstock ye-brine kasawoti, futhi iqiniso lobunjiniyela elilawulayo ukuthi usawoti yi-chloride, ngakho-ke ingaphakathi le-silo nophahla kufanele kugcine usawoti womile futhi ungathintani nensimbi ye-carbon lapho kungenzeka khona. Usawoti owomile ku-silo evaliwe neyomile ungagcinwa ensimbini ye-galvanised noma egobolondweni eline-enamel; ukusetshenziswa kasawoti omanzi noma ogcwele kanye nokuthintana noma yikuphi ne-brine kudinga ingaphakathi le-enamel le-glass-fused-to-steel noma i-fusion-bonded epoxy lining ku-180–280 µm ngokwe-AWWA C550. I-geometry yaphansi ke ilandela i-engeli yokugeleza kasawoti kanye nezinga lokukhipha.
Isingeniso
Ungunjiniyela wemboni owayegcine isihlabathi noma okusanhlamvu futhi manje okumele agcine usawoti uthola ukuthi isigaba sezinto sesishintshile. Usawoti uletha ama-chloride emkhunjini, futhi i-chloride iyinto eyodwa edla ngokuthula insimbi ngokusebenzisa ukungabi nandaba kwe-coating, ihamba ngasemkhawulweni we-weld futhi ibambe ifilimu emanzi kunoma iyiphi indawo eyithintayo. Ngaphezu kombuzo wokugqwala, usawoti uyathambekela ukumunca umswakama ngokwanele ukuba uqunge futhi uxhume, uhlikihla imishini yokuphuma, futhi ifilimu kasawoti emanzi engaphansi kophahla iphenduka iconso eligqwala lisuka esigabeni esiphezulu liye phansi. Lezo zinto ezintathu zilolonga isilo.
Usawoti owomileyo nowomileyo: ukwehlukaniswa okunquma into esetshenziswayo
Konke mayelana nomklamo kulandela ukuthi usawoti uhlala womile yini. Usawoti ohlanzekile, owomile, ohamba ngokukhululeka esilweni esivalwe kahle kakhulu awunobudlova obukhulu kunalokho okushiwo ukwakheka kwawo kwamakhemikhali, futhi ukugalvanayiza ngokucwilisa okushisayo ngokwe-GB/T 13912-2020 kuyimpendulo evamile futhi engabizi kakhulu yangaphakathi kulo msebenzi, ngoba i-zinc ivikela insimbi ye-carbon ngokuzidela futhi usawoti owomile akusona i-electrolyte enobudlova. Ngesikhathi usawoti uthola umswakama — kusukela esimweni sezulu esinomswakama, uphahla oluvuzayo, umugqa wokudlulisa omanzi noma ukugezwa — une-electrolyte ye-chloride ehlezi ensimbini, futhi leso yisimo esigqobhoza insimbi ye-carbon futhi sihlasele i-zinc. Kuleso simo, ingaphakathi kufanele kube indawo engasebenzi: isilo se-glass-fused-to-steel sinesendlalelo se-enamel esihlanganiswe ku-820–930 °C, esingu-0.25–0.45 mm ubukhulu, esilinganiselwe ngaphezu kwe-3,450 N/cm², esihlolwe nge-spark ku-1500 V DC, esibushelelezi ku-Ra engaphansi kwe-0.8 µm futhi esibekezelela i-pH 1–14, okuyisimo esifunwa ukusebenza kwe-chloride; i-fusion-bonded epoxy lining engu-180–280 µm ebhekiswe ku-AWWA C550 enokusebenza kwe-salt spray ngaphezu kwamahora angu-4000 iyindlela ehlukile lapho ukulungiswa kwe-coating kusebenza kahle kakhulu kunokushintsha iphaneli.
Ukugcina amanzi ngaphandle kuyisu lokulwa nokugqwala
Ukuvikelwa kokugqwala okushibhile kakhulu esilweni sikasawoti yimininingwane yophahla engalokothi ivumele amanzi ukungena. Izilo zikasawoti ziqgwalala zisuka phezulu: umoya wokugcwalisa ofudumele nonomswakama uhlangana nepleyiti yophahla epholile, uyajiya, uncibilikise uthuli lukasawoti oluseployitini, bese kuthi i-brine evelayo igijime phansi odongeni ngokusebenzisa izigaba ezingaphezulu kanye namajoyinti aboshiwe. Ngakho-ke uphahla kufanele lube yisakhiwo esivaliwe, esitshekile esine-gutter ehambisa amanzi iye endaweni yokuphuma evaliwe kunokuwavumela ukuthi aconseke esilweni, konke ukungena kophahla nolwegobolondo kufanele kuvalwe efektri kunokuba kusongwe endaweni, futhi umoya wokugcwalisa kufanele womiswe uma uhlelo lokuhambisa lunomswakama. Isilo sikasawoti esigqwalayo cishe njalo siyinkinga yokudonsa amanzi ngaphambi kokuba kube yinkinga yempahla, futhi ukuhlolwa kufanele kuhlanganise ubuso bangaphakathi bophahla kanye nesigaba esiphezulu, hhayi nje phansi.
Ukugeleza, ukunqwabelana naphansi
Ama-salt bridge namakhekhe uma kumanzi, ngakho phansi kunobukhulu obulinganiselwe isimo esimanzi ngisho noma isimo esomile singegeleza. Usawoti wetshe nosawoti omaholo ane-engeli yokuphumula elinganiselwe futhi azophuma ku-funnel noma phansi oyisicaba onama-outlet aphansi; usawoti ocolekile, usawoti omanzi nanoma yimuphi usawoti ophethe i-mother liquor uhlangana ngoku dikima futhi udinga i-cone ene-slope engaphezu kwe-engeli yokugeleza elinganisiwe kanye ne-outlet enkulu ngokwanele ukuthi akukho-arch eyakheka phezu kwayo. Usawoti ocolekile futhi uhlikihla ama-rotary valve nezikulufu, ngakho imishini yokukhipha kufanele icaciswe nge-wear allowance futhi isebenze ngaphandle kokungena ethangini ngokuphelele. Lapho usawoti ufika nomswakama osele kusuka ekuhlanzeni noma kunqubo ye-brine, i-aeration pad noma usizo lwe-fluidisation ku-cone ngokuvamile umehluko phakathi kwe-silo ekhiphayo naleyo ephulwa nge-bar njalo ekuseni.
Ukucaciswa Kobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Qaphela |
Izinga lokushisa lokuncibilikisa i-enamel | 820–930 °C | Ingilazi encibilikisiwe ensimbi ngomjikelezo owodwa |
Ubukhulu be-enamel | 0.25–0.45 mm | Ngaphezu kuka-3,450 N/cm² |
Ukuhlolwa kwenhlansi | 1500 V DC | Ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa kweqembu ngalinye |
Ukumelana ne-pH | 1–14 | Ibamba usawoti kanye namakhemikhali okusebenza |
Ukuqina kwangaphakathi | Ra < 0.8 µm | Ukugeza phakathi kwamazinga |
Inketho yokufaka i-FBE | 180–280 µm, AWWA C550, ukufafazwa kukasawoti > 4000 h | Inkonzo emanzi noma eduze ne-brine |
Ukukhetha kwe-galvanising | HDG kuya ku-GB/T 13912-2020 | Usawoti owomile kuphela, ingaphakathi elomile elivalelekile |
Phansi | I-Cone noma i-funnel | Kulinganiswa ngokusuka ku-flow angle kanye ne-caking |
Siza | I-Aeration pad noma i-fluidisation ring | Lapho usawoti ufika umanzi |
Uphahla | Iphakethe eligoqiwe eline-gutter evaliwe | Isivikelo esiyinhloko sokugqwala |
Ukusebenzisa i-silo emsebenzini wokushisa kasawoti wangempela
Imisebenzi emine ihlanganisa ingxenye enkulu yemakethe, futhi ngayinye inempendulo yayo yokugqwala. I-silo yekhemikhali eyomile noma yetshe likasawoti endaweni eyomile yisimo se-galvanised, inqobo nje uma uphahla kanye nomsele wophahla kugcina imvula ingaphandle futhi usawoti ulethwa womile ngokuphelele. I-silo kasawoti wezinga lokudla idinga indawo ethinta umkhiqizo enemibhalo ye-FDA ne-LFGB, ngakho-ke ingaphakathi eline-enamel esikhundleni se-galvanising, njengoba ukufuduka kwe-zinc kungena kumkhiqizo wokudla kungamukeleki. Ithangi lokudla lamanzi anosawoti noma i-saturated brine idinga ingaphakathi elimelana ne-chloride odongeni olumanzi, okuyisimo se-enamel noma se-epoxy. I-silo yasogwini noma yendawo enomswakama kufanele icabange usawoti omanzi ngisho nalapho usawoti olethwayo womile, futhi icacise uphahla oluvaliwe, umoya wokugcwalisa owomile kanye nengaphakathi elingasebenzi kusukela ekuqaleni. Kuzo zozine, ithangi li-atmospheric: ingcindezi kuphela esemkhunjini ingcindezi encane ephozithivu evela emoyeni wokugcwalisa, ekhishwa nge-vent, ngakho-ke i-silo akumele neze isetshenziswe njengesitsha sengcindezi.
Icala Leprojekthi
Iprojekthi | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Ithangi lamanzi aluhlaza elinobubanzi obukhulu | INamibia | Ithangi le-GFS | 44,900 m³ | ukuhlinzeka nokugadwa kokwakhiwa |
Ithangi lokugcina elinobubanzi obukhulu | IBeijing, eChina | Ithangi le-GFS | 9,682 m³ | ukuhlinzeka nokugadwa kokwakhiwa |
Amathangi amanzi angcolile ezimbonini, amayunithi angu-27 | IXinjiang, eChina | Amathangi e-GFS | 30,469 m³ isiyonke | ukuhlinzeka nokugadwa kokwakhiwa |
Amandla Okusebenza Kwezobunjiniyela e-Center Enamel
UCenter Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isungule futhi yakha amathangi okugcina anezibophezelo kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi ensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingama-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kukhuliswe umthamo wokukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, i-WRAS, i-FDA, i-LFGB, i-CE (EN 1090), i-ISO 28765, i-FM, i-BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukuklama kubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo lokusetshenziswa ludinga khona.
Kule nsizakalo yosawoti lokhu kuba yisilo esibekwe ngokwe-chloride: uphahla oluvaliwe kanye nomsele wamanzi, ingaphakathi le-enamel noma le-epoxy elingasebenzi, phansi kanye nosizo olulinganiselwe usawoti omanzi, imishini yokuphuma ekw Lagele ukuhuzuka, kanye nohlelo lokuhlola olufaka ubuso bangaphakathi bophahla kanye nezinga eliphezulu ohlwini esikhundleni saphansi kuphela.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Yini isilo sikasawoti?
A1: Isitsha sensimbi esiyisilinda esigcina usawoti omningi — usawoti wamatshe, usawoti ocolisisiwe, usawoti wokudla noma usawoti wokuphakela ukwenza i-brine. Isitsha sokugcina usawoti omningi esakhiwo saso sibuswa ingozi yokugqwala kwe-chloride, ukuthambekela kokunamathela kukasawoti omanzi kanye nesidingo sokugcina amanzi ngaphandle kwangaphakathi.
Q2: Ngingasebenzisa insimbi eqinisiwe (galvanised) yosawoti owomile?
A1: Yebo, kosawoti owomile esilweni esivaliwe esinangaphakathi okomile, i-HDG ngokwe-GB/T 13912-2020 iyisinqumo esivamile esingabizi, ngoba ukuvikelwa kokuzidela kubhekana kahle nosawoti owomile. Akufaneleki uma usawoti usumanzi, lapho kukhona i-brine, noma lapho kukhona ukuthintana nokudla.
Q3: Kungani amasilo kasawoti egqwala kusukela phezulu?
A1: Ngoba umoya wokugcwalisa omanzi ofudumele ujiyisela phezu kophahla olupholile, uncibilikisa uthuli lukasawoti olutholayo, futhi i-brine ye-chloride evelayo ihlehla phansi odongeni futhi idlule emihlanganweni ephezulu. Isivikelo uphahla oluvalelekile olutshekile olune-gutter ehambisa amanzi ngaphandle, kanye nezindawo zokungena ezivalwe efektri kanye nomoya wokugcwalisa owomile.
Q4: Iyiphi i-lining ehlala ibekezelela usawoti omanzi kanye ne-brine?
A1: Ungqimba lwe-enamel oluhlanganiswe ku-820–930 °C ku-0.25–0.45 mm, oluhlolwe nge-spark ku-1500 V DC, olubushelelezi ku-Ra engaphansi kuka-0.8 µm futhi olubekezelela i-pH 1–14, noma i-fusion-bonded epoxy lining ku-180–280 µm kuya ku-AWWA C550 ene-salt spray engaphezu kwamahora angu-4000. Zombili azisebenzi ne-chloride uma ziqhathaniswa ne-carbon steel engalashwanga.
Q5: Ingabe usawoti udinga i-hopper bottom?
A1: Usawoti wamatshe omaholo ugobhoza kahle futhi ungasebenzisa ifaneli noma ngisho nendawo eyisicaba eneziphumeli zaphansi; usawoti ocwebezelayo noma omanzi uyahlangana futhi wakhe amabhuloho, ngakho udinga ikhoni enomthambeka ongaphezu kwe-engeli yokugobhoza, isiphumeli esinosayizi ofanele, futhi ngokuvamile usizo lokungenisa umoya noma lokwenza uketshezi.
Q6: Kufanele ihlolwe kanjani isilo sikasawoti?
A1: Ngokunaka ikakhulukazi ubuso bangaphakathi bophahla kanye nezingqimba eziphezulu, umsele kanye nesiphumeli sawo esivaliwe, isimo samajoyinti aboshiwe kanye namagasketi kugobolondo oluphezulu, kanye naphansi kanye nekhoni yosawoti oqinile. Isikhathi siyafinyezwa noma kuphi lapho usawoti ufika umanzi noma indawo inomswakama.
I-silo likasawoti inkinga yokusingatha i-chloride: gcina usawoti kanye ne-brine kude nensimbi ngophahla oluvaliwe kanye nengaphakathi elomile, khetha i-lining engasebenzi lapho usawoti umanzi noma inkonzo izinga lokudla, linganisa phansi isimo esibi kakhulu sokuhlangana kwesawoti esikhundleni sokugeleza okuhle kakhulu, futhi faka uphahla kanye nekhosi ephezulu ohlwini lokuhlola. Thumela uhlobo lukasawoti, umswakama kanye nomsebenzi kunjiniyela futhi uzothola ukucushwa kwesilo okune-lining, uphahla kanye nobubanzi bokukhipha.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Thumela uhlobo lukasawoti kanye nosayizi wezinhlayiya, okuqukethwe umswakama olethiwe, ukuminyana kwesibopho kanye ne-engeli yokugeleza, umthamo odingekayo kanye nezinga lokukhipha, ukuthi izinga lokudla noma inkonzo ye-brine iyasebenza yini, umswakama wendawo kanye nomthwalo womoya neqhwa, kanye nomkhawulo wokwakha uphahla. Sizobuyisela ukucushwa kwesilo okune-lining, ukudonsa kwamanzi ophahleni, imininingwane yaphansi kanye neyokukhishwa, kanye namadokhumenti emidwebo kanye nephakethe lesipikhi.
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