Iyini i-Hopper Bottom Silo: I-Cone Geometry, Ukukhipha kanye Nomkhuba Wesakhiwo
Kwadalwa ngo 07.30
Yini i-Hopper Bottom Silo: I-Cone Geometry, Ukukhipha kanye Nomkhuba Wesakhiwo
I-silo ene-hopper bottom iyisilo esiyisilinda esinekhoni elide elakhiwe phansi kwaso, elehla liye endaweni eyodwa yokuphuma. Umthambeka wekhoni kufanele weqe i-engeli yokugeleza okuguquguqukayo kwempahla, indawo yokuphuma kufanele ibe nkulu ngokwanele ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwe-arch, futhi amapulangwe ekhoni athwala isisindo esigcwele esigciniwe siye endaweni yokuphuma, okuwenza abe amapulangwe asinda kakhulu esakhiweni. I-hopper bottoms iyimpendulo efanele yempahla enamathelayo noma egeleza kanzima kanye nanoma yisiphi isitshalo okufanele sikhishwe ngokuphelele — futhi zibiza kakhulu, zima zinde futhi zidinga isisekelo esijulile kune-flat noma i-funnel bottom.
Ungqongqoshe wezinto zokwakha ezisetshenziswayo ufinyelela phansi kwe-hopper noma nini lapho into ingavumi ukuphuma endaweni eyisicaba. Ingaphansi kwekhoni noma i-hopper ihlanganisa yonke isisindo esigciniwe endaweni eyodwa yokuphuma, okuyilokho okudingeka ngempela kwimpushana ehlangene, impahla emanzi nanoma yimuphi umkhiqizo ozokwakha ibhuloho phezu kwembobo yaphansi. Lokho kuhlanganisa futhi kuyindleko yokuklama: amapuleti ekhoni enza umsebenzi onzima kakhulu wesakhiwo ku-silo, i-silo ima iphakeme ukuze ithwale umthamo ofanayo, futhi isisekelo sithwala umthwalo ogxilile. Ukuqonda ukuthi lolo hwebo kufanele lwenziwe kuphi ingumbuzo wonke.
Okwenziwa yikhoni ngokwesakhiwo
Ama-cone plate ayinsimbi esindayo kakhulu esetshenziswayo ku-silo, ngoba iguqula yonke inqwaba egciniwe ibe ukugeleza okuphansi endaweni eyodwa. Impahla icindezela ngokuqondile emaplatini amthambeka, ngakho-ke i-plate ngayinye ithwala umthwalo we-radial ovela esitokweni esizungezile kanye nomfutho wayo uqobo ovela phezulu; ngakho-ke amaplati zikhulu kakhulu kunodonga lwesilinda olungaphezulu, futhi izihlanganisi ezisendaweni yokuhlangana kwe-cone ne-cylinder kanye nasencotsheni ye-cone yizinto ezimbili ezingemininingwane okufanele zichazwe kahle. Ku-silo eliboshiwe lezo zinguquko ziyizihlanganisi ezinama-flange ezinama-gasket kanye nama-bolts ezinga le-8.8 ezingahlolwa futhi ziphinde ziqiniswe ngesikhathi sokuvalwa; ku-silo elidayisiwe ziyimithungo ehlolwa ngendlela okuvunyelwene ngayo kunkontileka. Ngaphansi kwencopho kukhona umgudu wokuphuma kanye ne-valve yawo, okubona ukukhishwa okuphelele futhi okuyingxenye eguga kuqala futhi okufanele kucaciswe njengendawo yokuxhumana eshintshwayo kunokuba kube into yokufakwa edayisiwe.
I-Geometry: umthambeka, indawo yokuphuma kanye nombuzo wokusiza
I-hopper bottom isebenza lapho izinombolo ezimbili zilungile: i-slope engaphezu kwe-flow angle kanye ne-outlet engaphezu kwe-arching threshold. I-slope kufanele yeqe i-dynamic flow angle yempahla uma isivele igciniwe futhi icindezelwe, hhayi i-repose angle yayo elinganiswa enqwabeni, futhi umkhawulo ubalulekile ngoba i-silo ekhipha ku-cycle yokuqala bese ivale ku-eyesihlanu yimbi kunelelo engakhiphi nhlobo. I-outlet ilinganiswa ngokususelwa emandleni okubopha empahla kanye ne-bulk density yezinga lokukhipha elidingekayo; izimpushana ezicolekile kanye nezinto eziswakeme zenza ama-arches ezindaweni ezincane zokungena, ngakho i-powder hopper ivamise ukubonakala inkulu kunalokho umqondo ongakucabanga. Lapho noma yisiphi salezi zilinganiso sincane, isixazululo i-assist eklanyelwe ngaphakathi kwe-hopper — i-aeration pad noma i-fluidisation ring ezindongeni ze-cone, i-pulse noma i-vibration outlet, noma i-mechanical agitator — hhayi udonga oluqonde kakhulu kunalokho isakhiwo esingakuvumela.
I-Hopper ngokumelene ne-funnel ngokumelene nangaphansi okuyisicaba
Izinhlobo ezintathu zaphansi, ezikhethwa ngokuziphatha kwempahla nendawo yokuphefumula kunokokujwayela. Ingaphansi eyisicaba iyona eshibhile futhi elula kodwa ishiya ungqimba olusalayo futhi idinga ukukhishwa okushaneliwe; ifanele impahla egeleza ngokukhululekile endaweni enkulu yepulani. Ingaphansi eyifaneli iyisihlambi esiyiphiramidi engajulile esibuyisela inzuzo enkulu yokukhipha ekuphakameni okuphansi nesisindo sephelethi esiphansi, futhi ifanele izinto ezisemngceleni esakhiweni esinendawo encane yokuphefumula. Isihlambi noma ingaphansi eyikhowuni ihamba yonke indlela iye emthambekeni osebenzayo oqine kakhulu wempahla kusukela odongeni lwesilo, inikeza ukukhishwa okucishe kube ngokuphelele ngesiphuma esisodwa esilawulwayo, ngezindleko zesakhiwo eside kakhulu, isisekelo esijulile kakhulu namapuleti ekhowni asindayo kakhulu. Umthetho wesandla osebenza emkhubeni: uma impahla igeleza njengokhlamvu, isihlambi noma ingaphansi eyisicaba kwanele; uma ima iyinqwaba futhi idinga ukuhlukaniswa, ikhowni emthambeka kakhulu, ingcono kakhulu.
Ukucaciswa Kobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Qaphela |
Isimo sangaphansi | Ikhoni eliqondile ukusuka odongeni lwesilo kuya endaweni eyodwa yokuphuma | Isici esichazayo sangaphansi kwehopper |
Umthambeka wekhoni | Ngaphezu kwe-engeli yokugeleza okuguquguqukayo kwempahla, enomkhawulo | Kushayela ukuphakama nesisindo seplate |
Iplate yekhoni | Isinda kunodonga lwesilinda | Ithwala umthwalo ogciniwe uwonke ukuya endaweni yokuphuma |
Indawo yokuphuma | Ilinganiswe ngamandla okubopha kanye nezinga elidingekayo | Iphakela i-valve ejikelezayo noma isikulufu |
Izinketho zokusiza | Iphedi yokungenisa umoya, indandatho yokuncibilikisa, indawo yokuphuma ye-pulse noma yokudlidliza | Kucaciswa esigabeni sokuklama |
Ububanzi bephaneli | ~1.2 m | Ukukhetha kwamaphaneli ahlanganisiwe enziwe efektri |
Uhlelo lokuhlanganisa | I-flange, i-EPDM gasket, amabhawodi ezinga le-8.8 | Kungenziwa kabusha nge-torque ezindaweni zokushintsha kwekhoni |
I-interior lining | I-Enamel ehlanganiswe ku-820–930 °C, 0.25–0.45 mm | Ra < 0.8 µm, pH 1–14, iminyaka engu-30 nangaphezulu |
Uphahla | Ikhoni eboshiwe noma idome ye-aluminium AWWA D108 / API 650 | Imithwalo ku-ADM 2015 / ASCE 7-10 |
Isisekelo | Iringi noma isicaba esinezibophezelo | Umthwalo ogxilile ngaphansi kwe-cone |
Ukusebenzisa i-hopper bottom kuphrojekthi yangempela
Qala ngokuhlolwa kokugeleza ezintweni zangempela, bese udizayina i-cone, i-outlet kanye nemishini yokukhipha njengohlelo olulodwa. I-funnel emelekile kanye ne-outlet ehlolwe ngempahla yangempela kuzoxazulula umthambeka kanye nosayizi we-outlet ngokuthembeka okukhulu kune-angle of repose evamile, futhi kubiza kancane kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa ne-silo evimbekayo ngenyanga yayo yokuqala. Uma umthambeka ne-outlet sekunqunyiwe, linganisa i-rotary valve noma isikrufu ngokushona kwempahla kanye nezinga elidingekayo, kuhlanganise nendawo yekhanda edingwa imishini yokukhipha ngaphansi kwe-apex — i-valve kanye nedrayivu yayo yizinto eziphakeme kakhulu kudayagramu yokuhlelwa kwe-silo futhi zivame ukukhohlakala kuze kube yilapho kucaciswa insimbi. Bese ucacisa usizo, ukuqoqwa kothuli e-outlet, kanye nokufinyelela kokuhlola ku-cone: i-manway odongeni lwe-cone ebangeni eliphakathi nendawo ishibhile esigabeni sokudizayina futhi kubiza ukwengezwa kamuva, futhi iwumbono otshela umsebenzisi ukuthi ingabe umzila wokugeleza uyakheka yini.
Icala Leprojekthi
Iprojekthi | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Ithangi lamanzi aluhlaza elinobubanzi obukhulu | INamibia | Ithangi le-GFS | 44,900 m³ | ukuhlinzeka nokugadwa kokwakhiwa |
Ithangi lokugcina elinobubanzi obukhulu | IBeijing, eChina | Ithangi le-GFS | 9,682 m³ | ukuhlinzeka nokugadwa kokwakhiwa |
Amathangi amanzi angcolile ezimbonini, amayunithi angu-27 | IXinjiang, eChina | Amathangi e-GFS | 30,469 m³ isiyonke | ukuhlinzeka nokugadwa kokwakhiwa |
Ikhono Lobunjiniyela be-Center Enamel
UCenter Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isungule futhi yakha amathangi okugcina anezibophezelo kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi ensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ehlanganiswe ne-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe umthamo wokukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, i-WRAS, i-FDA, i-LFGB, i-CE (EN 1090), i-ISO 28765, i-FM, i-BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukwakhiwa kubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, i-AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo lokusetshenziswa ludinga khona.
Kule silo enomgodi ongaphansi, lokhu kuhlanganisa izingcwecwe zekhoni kanye nemininingwane yenguquko eyakhiwe kanye nogobolondo, indawo yokuphuma kanye nokuxhumana kwe-valve, izinhlinzeko zokusiza, ingaphakathi elibushelelezi le-enamel lapho into kufanele ikhululeke kahle noma umgodi kufanele ugezwe phakathi kwemikhiqizo, kanye nerekhodi lokubopha nokuhlola lamajoyinti acindezelwe kakhulu esakhiweni.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Yini isilo enomgodi ongaphansi?
A1: I-silo eyisilinda enekhoni ewukuthiwe eyakhiwe phansi kwayo ethambekela endaweni eyodwa yokuphuma. Ikhoni iqoqa yonke impahla egciniwe futhi iyikhiphe ngendawo eyodwa elawulwayo, okuyikho okwenza kube yimpendulo ejwayelekile yempahla enamathelayo kanye nezitshalo okufanele zikhishwe ngokuphelele.
Q2: Iphakeme kangakanani i-hopper bottom kune-flat bottom?
A1: Kakhulu, kuye ngokuthambekela kwekhoni nobubanzi be-silo. Ikhoni ethambekela kakhulu idinga ubude obengeziwe endaweni efanayo yepulani, futhi imishini yokukhipha engaphansi kwesiqongo yengeza okwengeziwe; lobo bude buqhubela ikhreni, isakhiwo sensimbi kanye nesisekelo, ngakho kufanele kuhlolwe ngesakhiwo kusenesikhathi.
Q3: Yikuphi ukuthambekela okudingwa yikhoni?
A1: Ngenhla kwe-engeli yokugeleza okuguquguqukayo kwempahla enomkhawulo. I-engeli eguquguqukayo ngemva kokugcinwa okucindezelayo iphakeme kune-engeli yokuphumula elinganiswe enqwabeni ekhululekile, ngakho umthambeka odlula ebhokisini lokugeleza laselabhorethri usengagcina impahla ku-silo yokusebenza.
Q4: Kungani amapuleti ekhoni awukhuni kunodonga?
A1: Ngoba amapuleti amthambeka athatha ingcindezi yezinto eziqinile ezigciniwe ezijwayelekile endaweni yawo kusuka kukholomu yonke yempahla engenhla futhi ayithwalele phansi endaweni yokuphuma, ngakho ikhoni iyingxenye esindayo kakhulu ye-silo futhi ukuhlolwa okuseduze kakhulu kwenziwa emihlanganweni yokushintsha kanye neyaphezulu.
Q5: Kunini lapho isisekelo se-hopper siyisinqumo esingalungile?
A1: Lapho impahla ihamba ngokukhululekile futhi ingaphansi oyisicaba noma oyisihluthu kungayithulula ngendlela eyamukelekayo, noma lapho isiza singenayo indawo yokuma yekhoni eqondile. Kuzo zombili lezi zimo insimbi eyengeziwe nokuphakama kuthenga ukuthembeka inqubo engakudingi.
Q6: Ingabe isilo se-hopper bottom singaboshwa?
A1: Yebo. I-hopper bottom eboshiwe isebenzisa amajoyinti aflangiwe, ama-gasket kanye namabhawudi e-8.8-grade njengogobolondo, namapuleti ekhoni enziwe njengamaphaneli; amajoyinti ekuguqukeni kwekhoni-kuya-kusilinda kanye nasephuzwini angaphinde aqiniswe ngesikhathi sokuvalwa kunokulungiswa ngokushisela endaweni.
I-silo ene-hopper bottom ishintsha ukuphakama, insimbi kanye nezindleko zesisekelo ukuze kube nokuthembeka kokukhipha: umgodi owodwa wokuphuma, ukukhishwa cishe okuphelele, kanye nekhono lokusingatha impahla ebingasoze iphume phansi okuyisicaba. Umklamo uncike emthambekeni ongaphezu kwe-engeli yangempela yokugeleza, umgodi wokuphuma ongaphezu komkhawulo we-arching, kanye nosizo olucacisiwe eduze kwazo. Hlola impahla kuqala, bese uchaza i-cone ngemishini yokukhipha kanye nokufinyelela kokuhlola. Thumela idatha yempahla kanye nomkhawulo wokuphakama kunjiniyela futhi uzothola i-geometry ye-cone, umgodi wokuphuma kanye nobubanzi bosizo.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Thumela impahla egciniwe kanye nobukhulu bayo obukhulu, i-engeli yokugeleza okuguquguqukayo namandla okubopha, umthamo odingekayo nezinga lokukhipha, ukuphakama okutholakalayo ukusuka phansi kuya ezindongeni, kanye nomthwalo womoya neqhwa wendawo. Sizobuyisela ukuqhathanisa kwe-hopper ne-funnel ne-flat bottom kanye nomthambeka we-cone, ukulinganisa kokuphuma, izinketho zokusiza kanye nephakethe lemidwebo nesicaciso.
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