Yini I-Silo Yefulawa: Ukugcinwa Kokudla Okuthintwayo, Ukugeleza Nokuhlanjululwa
Kwadalwa ngo 07.29
Yini iSilo Yefulawa: Ukugcinwa Kokudla, Ukugeleza Nokuhlanjululwa
I-silo likafulawa isitsha sensimbi esiyisilinda esigcina ufulawa noma umkhiqizo ogayiwe ngaphansi kwezimo zokuthintana nokudla, ngakho-ke izidingo zokulawula iwukuthi ingaphakathi libe bushelelezi futhi lihlanzeke, phansi nokuphuma kukhiphe ngaphandle kokushiya umkhiqizo, ukulawulwa kothuli ezindaweni zokugcwalisa nokuphuma, kanye nendawo engaphakathi engeke ikhiphe into efakwa ekudleni. I-silo lensimbi elihlanganiswe nengilazi linikeza lokho ngongqimba lwe-enamel oluhlanganiswe ku-820–930 °C, olungu-0.25–0.45 mm ubukhulu, oluhlolwe nge-spark ku-1500 V DC futhi lubushelelezi ku-Ra engaphansi kuka-0.8 µm, nemibhalo yokuthintana nokudla ye-FDA ne-LFGB kanye ne-NSF/ANSI 61 ne-WRAS yezingxenye ezithintana namanzi.
Umenjiniya wemill noma wesitshalo sokudla ocacisa i-silo kafulawa usebenza ngemithetho ehlukile kuneyomenjiniya wesamente noma wokusanhlamvu. Ufulawa uyimpuphu encane, enesisindo esiphansi, enamathelayo, ekhipha uthuli, ekhonkothayo uma kumidile futhi ethwala ingozi yangempela ye-allergen kanye nobuqotho bomkhiqizo, ngakho i-silo kufanele ihlanzeke ezingeni i-silo lokusanhlamvu elingasoze layidinga, futhi zonke izingxenye zangaphakathi kufanele zibe semthethweni wokuthintana nokudla. Lezo zimfuneko ezimbili ndawonye zinciphisa ukukhethwa kwezinto futhi ziqhuba ukuqedwa kwendawo, i-geometry yaphansi kanye nendlela yothuli, futhi yiso leso sizathu esenza i-silo kafulawa sibe umkhumbi ocaciswe ngokuqinile kunalokho okubonakala ngokuma kwaso okulula. Uma kufundwa kanjalo, iyini i-silo kafulawa? Akuyona i-hopper yempuphu kodwa isibambi esihlanzekayo, esilinganiselwe ukuthintana nokudla esindawo yaso yangaphakathi eyingxenye yecala lokuphepha komkhiqizo, futhi izigaba ezingezansi zihlukanisa leyo ncazelo ibe ukuqedwa kwendawo, i-geometry yaphansi kanye nendlela yothuli.
Ukuthintana nokudla nendawo yangaphakathi
Ingaphakathi liyindawo ethinta umkhiqizo, ngakho-ke umbuzo wezinto zokwakha uwumbuzo wokuhambisana nemithetho kuqala. Izindawo ezithinta ufulawa akumele zidlulele emkhiqizweni, kumele zihlanjululwe phakathi kwemikhankaso engase ibe nemikhiqizo ehlukene noma amazinga ahlukene e-allergen, futhi kumele zihlolwe. Isilo sensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi sihlangabezana nalezi zidingo ngokusebenzisa ungqimba lwe-enamel okuyindawo yengilazi ehlanganisiwe hhayi i-coating: ehlanganiswe ku-820–930 °C, ukujiya kwe-0.25–0.45 mm, kulinganiselwa ngaphezu kwe-3,450 N/cm², kuhlolwe nge-spark ku-1500 V DC ukuthola izimbobo ezincane, kubushelelezi ku-Ra engaphansi kwe-0.8 µm futhi kubekezelela i-pH 1–14, nemibhalo yokuthinta ukudla ye-FDA ne-LFGB kanye nemibhalo ye-NSF/ANSI 61 ne-WRAS lapho kusebenza izingxenye ezithinta amanzi. Umphumela ongokoqobo yisilo esingaphakathi laso elingagezwa futhi lihlolwe esikhundleni sokukhuhulwa futhi sipendiwe kabusha, futhi izindonga zaso ngeke zibe umthombo wezinto zangaphandle emkhiqizweni wokudla. I-hot-dip galvanising ayifaneleki lapha, ngoba ukudlulela kwe-zinc emkhiqizweni wokudla akwamukeleki, okuwumthetho owusizo kakhulu kulesi sigaba.
Ukugeleza, ukunqwabelana nendawo engezansi
Ufulawa ugeleza njengoketshezi uma uthule kodwa uyahlangana futhi ube yinkomishi uma uthola umswakama, futhi ingxenye engezansi kufanele yakhelwe isimo esibi kakhulu. Isilo sikafufulawa ngokuvamile siyisilinda esinengxenye engezansi eyikhowuni noma ifaneli, ngoba ukuziphatha kokugeleza kwento kanye nokuthambekela kwayo kokushiya insalela kuphikisana nendawo eyisicaba; umthambeka wekhowuni kufanele weqe i-engeli yokuphumula kukafufulawa ngomkhawulo, futhi indawo yokuphuma kufanele ibe nkulu ngokwanele ukuthi i-arch ezinzile ayikwazi ukwakheka kuyo. Ingxenye engezansi eyisicaba iyenzeka ekugcineni kwesikhashana nge-screw discharge kanye nendawo yokushanela, kodwa ishiya umkhiqizo omningi kanye nomsebenzi omningi wokuhlanza endaweni yokudla, lapho ukuhlanza kuyinqubo evunyiwe kunokuba kube ukuzikhethela. Noma iyiphi i-geometry, indawo yokuphuma, i-valve ejikelezayo noma i-screw, kanye nokudlulisa okuya phansi kukalwa njengohlelo olulodwa, ngoba ukuminyana kobuningi bukafufulawa kuphansi futhi i-screw ekalwe enye impushana izomile kufufulawa.
Uthuli, ukugcwalisa kanye nomzila wokuhlanjululwa
Ithuli likafulawa ingozi yokusebenza kanye nenkinga yokuhlanza, futhi kokubili kubhekwana nakho ezindaweni zokugcwalisa nokukhipha. Ukugcwalisa kwenziwa ngokuxhuma okuzungezayo okuvaliwe noma ngomlomo wokugcwalisa onwebekayo onengxenye yokuqoqa uthuli, futhi umoya okhishiwe udlula esihlungini esine-airlock ezungezayo ebuyisela ufulawa obanjiwe esilweni; ngaphandle kwalokho, indawo engaphezulu igcwala uthuli futhi njalo lapho kuvulwa umnyango olandelayo uthuli lukhishwa lungene emshinini wokugaya. Ukukhipha ngokuvamile kudinga ukuxhumana kokuqoqa uthuli ku-valve ezungezayo futhi, ngoba ukukhipha ufulawa okugxilile noma ngesikrufu kukhiqiza ifu lothuli endaweni yokuphuma. Phakathi nemikhankaso isilo kufanele sikwazi ukugezwa noma ukushaywa ngomoya ngendawo yokungena evaliwe kanye nomsele endaweni ephansi, yingakho ukubekwa kwendlela yomuntu, ukuma kwaphansi kanye nokuphela kwangaphakathi konke kudinga ukucatshangelwa ngaphambi kokuba amaphaneli akhishwe.
Ukucaciswa Kobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Qaphela |
Izinga lokushisa lokuncibilikisa uqweqwe | 820–930 °C | Ingilazi encibilikisiwe ensimbi ngomjikelezo owodwa |
Ubukhulu boqweqwe | 0.25–0.45 mm | Ngaphezu kuka-3,450 N/cm² |
Ukuhlolwa kwenhlansi | 1500 V DC | Iphaneli ngayinye ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa |
Ukungaphatheki kahle kwangaphakathi | Ra < 0.8 µm | Indawo yokuxhumana nokudla egezwayo |
Imibhalo yokuxhumana nokudla | FDA, LFGB | Kanye ne-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS lapho kusebenza khona ukuxhumana namanzi |
Ukumelana ne-pH | 1–14 | Ibekezela ikhemistri yokuhlanza |
Phansi | I-cone noma i-funnel, umthambeka ongaphezu kwe-engeli yokugeleza | Isitezi esiyisicaba kuphela sokubamba isikhashana |
Indawo yokuphuma | I-valve ejikelezayo noma isikulufu, esilinganiswe nobukhulu obuphansi be-bulk density | Kulinganiswe ne-conveyor yangaphansi |
Ukulawulwa kothuli | Isiphundu sokugcwalisa esivaliwe, umoya ohlungiwe one-rotary airlock | Ekugcwaliseni nasekuphumeni |
Uhlelo lokuxhumana | Ama-flange, i-gasket ye-EPDM, amabhawodi ezinga le-8.8 | Ubuso be-gasket obungaphinde buqiniswe, obuhlanzekayo |
Ukusebenzisa isilo sempuphu nsuku zonke
Imininingwane ebalulekile ekusebenzeni yileyo egcina umkhiqizo uhlanzekile futhi isitshalo sihlanzekile. Gcina ingaphakathi lomile: ufulawa udonsa umswakama odongeni olumanzi namabhokisi asondelene nawo, ngakho uphahla, umsele wamanzi kanye nakho konke ukungena kophahla kufanele kuvalwe, futhi uphahla oluvuzayo esilweni sikafufulawa luyinto yokulahlekelwa umkhiqizo hhayi into yokulungisa. Gcina uthuli lwendawo ephezulu luncane: isihlungi esinesikhombisi sokuhluka kwengcindezi kanye nomjikelezo ohleliwe wokushintsha noma wokuxukuza yikho okugcina isilo singabi umthombo wothuli womshini wokugaya. Gcina ukuphuma kuthembekile: qapha indawo yokuphuma ukuze uthole ukuxhumana futhi ucacise usizo esigabeni sokuklama hhayi ngemva kokuma kokuqala kokukhiqiza. Futhi gcina irekhodi: inqubo yokuhlanza, umkhiqizo wokugcina owawusetshenziswa, kanye nokuhlolwa koqweqwe lwangaphandle emibhobhoni nasezindaweni zokungena abantu yikho umcwaningi wamabhuku azokubuza ngakho esikhungweni sokudla, ngakho kufanele kube sefayeleni lokugunyazwa hhayi edroweni.
Icala Leprojekthi
Iprojekthi | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Ithangi lamanzi aluhlaza elinobubanzi obukhulu | INamibia | Ithangi le-GFS | 44,900 m³ | ukuhlinzeka nokugadwa kokwakhiwa |
Ithangi lokugcina elinobubanzi obukhulu | IBeijing, eChina | Ithangi le-GFS | 9,682 m³ | ukuhlinzeka nokugadwa kokwakhiwa |
Amathangi emanzini angcolile e-Brewery | ISichuan, eChina | Amathangi e-GFS | 14,655 m³ | ukuhlinzeka nokugadwa kokwakhiwa |
Ikhono Lobunjiniyela Be-Center Enamel
UCenter Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isungule futhi yakha amathangi okugcina anezibophezelo kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi ensimbi ahlanganiswe nengilazi (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi angu-300,000 ahlanganiswe ne-enamel ngonyaka, isiqedile imisebenzi efakiwe engaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukukhulisa umthamo wokukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, i-WRAS, i-FDA, i-LFGB, i-CE (EN 1090), i-ISO 28765, i-FM, i-BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukwakhiwa kubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho isicelo sidinga khona.
Kule flour kanye nokugcinwa kokudla okuningi lokhu kuyisilo esilethwa nobufakazi bokuxhumana nokudla, ingaphakathi elibushelelezi elihlanzeleka kalula, isisekelo se-cone noma se-funnel esifanele ukuhamba kwe-flour, imininingwane ephumelelayo evaliwe, indlela yokugcwalisa nokukhipha ehlungiwe, kanye nenqubo yokuhlanza nokuhlola njengengxenye yokunikezwa.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Yini eyenza isilo se-flour sihluke kwisilo sokusanhlamvu?
Impendulo 1: Umkhiqizo. I-Flour iyimpushana encane enokuminyana okuphansi kobuningi, ingozi yangempela yothuli kanye nesidingo sokuxhumana nokudla, ngakho-ke ukuqedwa kwangaphakathi, ukuqoqwa kothuli ekugcwaliseni nasekukhipheni, ukulinganisa okuphumayo kanye nomzila wokuhlanza konke kucaciswa ngokwezinga lokudla hhayi ngokwezinga lobuningi.
Umbuzo 2: Ingabe insimbi eqinisiwe ingasetshenziswa ngaphakathi kwisilo sikafufula?
Impendulo 2: Cha. Ukufuduka kwe-zinc kungena emkhiqizweni wokudla akwamukeleki, ngakho-ke ingaphakathi kufanele kube uqweqwe lwe-enamel noma enye indawo esemthethweni yokuthinta ukudla. Ukugalvanisha ngokucwilisa okushisayo ngokwe-GB/T 13912-2020 kungasetshenziswa kwangaphandle noma ekusebenzeni okomile okungathintani nokudla kuphela.
Umbuzo 3: Iyiphi indawo yaphansi efanele kakhulu ufufula?
Impendulo 3: Isisekelo esiyi-cone noma i-funnel esinomthambeka ongaphezu kwe-engeli yokugeleza elinganisiwe kanye nendawo yokuphuma enkulu ngokwanele ukuthi akukho khothamo elizinzile elingakheka. Isitezi esiyisicaba samukelekile ekubambeni kwesikhashana ngesitezi esishaneliwe kanye nesikrufu, kodwa sishiya umkhiqizo omningi okufanele uhlanzwe embonini yokudla.
Umbuzo 4: Isilo sikafufula sihlanzwa kanjani phakathi kwemikhiqizo?
A4: Ingaphakathi kufanele lihlanjululwe noma liphuhliwe ngendawo yokungena evaliwe, enomsele endaweni ephansi kanye nendawo ebushelelezi ye-enamel ku-Ra engaphansi kuka-0.8 µm ukuze izinsalela zikhukhuliseke kunokuba zikhweshwe. Inqubo yokuhlanza kufanele ibhalwe phansi njengengxenye yohlelo lokushintsha umkhiqizo lwesikhungo.
Q5: Yiluphi ugunyaziwe odingekayo kusilo yokudla?
A5: Imibhalo ye-FDA ne-LFGB yezindawo ezithinta ukudla, i-NSF/ANSI 61 ne-WRAS yezingxenye ezithinta amanzi, kanye ne-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001 yohlelo lwekhwalithi nokuphepha kokukhiqiza, kanye ne-CE (EN 1090) lapho ububanzi besakhiwo bukudinga khona.
Q6: Uthuli lulawulwa kanjani ngesikhathi sokugcwalisa?
A6: Ngokuxhunywa okujikelezayo okuvaliwe noma umlomo wokugcwalisa okhunwebayo, isihlungi emoyeni ophumayo esilinganiswe nomthamo womoya okhishiwe, kanye nesivalo somoya esijikelezayo esibuyisela ufulawa obanjiwe ku-silo, kanye nokuxhumana kokuqoqa ku-valve ejikelezayo yokukhipha.
I-silo kafulawa iyisitsha esithintana nokudla: ingaphakathi kufanele lingasebenzi, libe bushelelezi futhi lihlanjwe, phansi nokuphuma kufanele kukhiphe futhi kuhlanzeke ngaphandle kokushiya umkhiqizo, futhi izindawo zokugcwalisa nokukhipha kufanele zigcine uthuli ngaphakathi ku-silo. I-silo ehlanganisiwe ene-enamel eboshiwe iletha konke lokhu kathathu ngendawo ebhaliwe kanye nokuxhumana okuphindaphindwayo. Thumela uhlobo lukafulawa, umthamo kanye nezinga lokukhipha kunjiniyela futhi uzothola ukucushwa kwe-silo okunobufakazi bokuthintana nokudla, i-geometry yaphansi kanye nobubanzi bothuli.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Thumela uhlobo lwempuphu noma umkhiqizo ogayiwe kanye nokuminyana kwesibalo, umthamo kanye nezinga lokukhipha, indlela yokugcwalisa, izinga lokuxhumana nokudla elisebenzayo, iwindi lokuhlanza phakathi kwemikhankaso, kanye nomthwalo womoya neqhwa wendawo. Sizobuyisela ukucushwa kwesilo okunokuvikelwa kwangaphakathi, phansi kanye nokuphuma, ukuqoqwa kothuli kanye nemininingwane yokuhlanza, kanye namadokhumenti emidwebo kanye nephakethe.
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