Iyini Ithangi Lokufuya Izinhlanzi
Kwadalwa ngo Ngokwamukisa
Uyini Uthangi Lokufuya Izinhlanzi?
Ithangi lokufuya izinhlanzi (elivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-aquaculture tank) iyisitsha esikhethekile, esakhiwe ngobunjiniyela esiklanyelwe ukuzalanisa, ukukhulisa, nokuvuna izinhlobo zasemanzini—ezifana nezinhlanzi, izimfanzi, nezimbaza—endaweni yokwenziwa elawulwayo. Ngokungafani nezintambo ezivulekile zamasheya olwandle noma amachibi emvelo omhlaba, amathangi okufuya izinhlanzi anikeza ukulawula okuphelele kwekhwalithi yamanzi, izinga lokushisa, umoya-mpilo, nemijikelezo yokondla.
Lawomathangi asebenza njengomgogodla we-aquaculture yesimanje esemhlabeni kanye nezinhlelo ze-Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS), enika amandla ukukhiqizwa kwezilwane zasolwandle okusimeme, okunomthamo ophezulu, kuyilapho kuqedwa izingozi zokungcoliswa kwemvelo futhi kuncishiswa ukuba sengozini yezifo zasolwandle zasendle.
Ukuvela Kwezitsha Zokufuya Izilwane Zasemanzini
Ngokomlando, ukufuywa kwezinhlanzi bekuncike kakhulu emachibini obumba noma emambunjini enetha alengisiwe emanzini emvelo. Nokho, imithetho yezemvelo, ukukhathazeka ngokuphepha kwezinto eziphilayo, kanye nesidingo sokonga amanzi kuholele ekushintsheni okukhulu ukuya emathangini asemhlabeni.
Amathangi esimanje okufuya izinhlanzi enziwe ngobuchwepheshe ukuze akwazi ukumelana nokujikeleza kwamanzi okuqhubekayo, imithwalo ephezulu yesakhiwo, kanye nezimo ezinamandla zamakhemikhali noma eziphilayo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi asetshenziselwa izindawo zokufukamela izinhlanzi, izindawo zokukhulisa izinhlanzi ezincane, noma imisebenzi yokukhulisa izinhlanzi ngokugcwele, la mathangi kumele agcine ukungabi nobuthi ngokuphelele nokuqina kwesakhiwo iminyaka eminingi yokusebenza okuqhubekayo.
I-Matrix Yokuqhathanisa: Izinto Zokwakha Amathangi Okufuya Izinhlanzi
Ukukhetha into efanele kubalulekile ekuphepheni kwezinto eziphilayo, empilweni yezinhlanzi, nasezindlekweni zokusebenza zesikhathi eside ekufuyweni kwezinhlanzi okwentengiselwano:
Into Yethangi | Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko | Ukusetshenziswa Okufanele | Ubude Besikhathi Esijwayelekile |
Ingilazi Ehlanganiswe Nensimbi (GFS) | Ukumelana nokugqwala okukhethekile, indawo yengilazi ebushelelezi engenazimbotshana ivimbela ukunqwabelana kwe-algae/biofilm, umklamo obolile othuthukile. | Amathangi amakhulu okukhulisa izinhlanzi, izindawo zikamasipala ze-RAS, kanye nezinhlelo zamanzi anosawoti. | Iminyaka Engaphezu Kwama-30 |
I-Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic (FRP) | Awagwali ukugqwala, alula, anesicoco esibushelelezi se-gelcoat. | Izindawo zokufukamela, izindawo zokukhulisa izilwane ezincane, namathangi amancane akhethekile asolwandle. | Iminyaka eyi-10–15 |
Ukhonkolo Oluthelwa Endaweni | Isisindo esinzima sesakhiwo, silungele ukwakhiwa phansi noma ukucwiliswa ingxenye. | Amachibi amakhulu ayisisekelo kanye nezindawo zokuhlala eziyisisekelo. | Iminyaka engu-15–20 (idinga izivikelo zokugqoka) |
I-HDPE / i-Polypropylene (PP) | Ukumelana namakhemikhali, ukwenziwa kalula kwezinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi zamapayipi. | Ama-Biofilters, ama-protein skimmers, namathangi amancane okuvalela. | Iminyaka engu-10–20 |
Ukuhlanganiswa nezinhlelo zokuphinda usebenzise amanzi ezilwaneni zasemanzini (RAS)
Ukusebenza kahle kwangempela kwamathangi esimanje okufuya izinhlanzi kutholakala lapho ehlanganiswa ne-Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS). Ekuhlelweni kwe-RAS, amanzi angaphakathi ethangini ahlanjululwa ngokuqhubekayo, ahlanzwe, futhi asetshenziswe kabusha kunokuba akhishwe.
Inqubo idlula ezigabeni ezimbalwa ezibalulekile:
1. Ukususwa Okuqinile: Izihlungi ezinjenge-drum filter noma izicupho zokuhlala zisusa ukudla okungadliwanga kanye nendle yezinhlanzi emanzini aphuma ethangini.
2. Ukuhlunga Kwezinto Eziphilayo: I-ammonia enobuthi ekhishwa izinhlanzi iguqulwa ibe ama-nitrate angenabungozi amagciwane e-nitrifying ahlala emathangini akhethekile e-biofilter.
3. Ukufaka Umoya-mpilo Nokungenisa Umoya: Umoya-mpilo omsulwa noma umoya ohlakazekile ufakwa emanzini ngaphambi kokuba abuyele ethangini lokufuya izinhlanzi ukuze kugcinwe amazinga afanele e-oksijini encibilikile (DO).
4. Ukulawula Izinga Lokushisa Ne-pH: Izinzwa ezizenzakalelayo zilungisa ukushisisa, ukupholisa, kanye nezinto ezibambayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe indawo yezinto eziphilayo ezinzile futhi engenakucindezeleka.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa (FAQ)
Umbuzo: Iyiphi indlela engcono kakhulu yethangi lokufuya izinhlanzi, futhi kungani?
A: Amathangi ayindilinga avame ukukhethwa ekufuyweni kwezinhlanzi okunamandla. Ukuma okuyindilinga kukhuthaza ukugeleza kwamanzi okujikelezayo okufanayo, okuhlanganisa imfucumfucu eqinile emgodini ophakathi nendawo, kuqede izindawo ezingasebenzi futhi kuqinisekise ukusatshalaliswa komoya-mpilo okulinganayo kuwo wonke amanzi.
Q: Kungani amathangi e-Glass-Fused-to-Steel (GFS) ethola ukuthandwa emkhakheni wezokufuya izinhlanzi?
A: Amathangi e-GFS ahlanganisa amandla amakhulu esakhiwo sensimbi nendawo engenazimbotshana, ebushelelezi njengengilazi, ehlanganiswe emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Lokhu okungaphakathi okungenazimbotshana kuvimbela ukhula, amagciwane, nezifo ekubambeni, kuqinisekise ukuphepha kwezinto eziphilayo nokuhlanzeka kuyilapho kumelana nemiphumela egqwalisayo yamanzi olwandle namanzi anosawoti.
Umbuzo: Ingabe amathangi okufuya izinhlanzi angasetshenziselwa kokubili izinhlobo zamanzi ahlanzekile nezasolwandle?
A: Yebo, uma izinto zethangi zicaciswe kahle. Nakuba amasistimu amanzi ahlanzekile engenawo umfutho omkhulu wokugqwala, ukufuywa kwezilwane zasemanzini olwandle noma amanzi anosawoti (njengokufuywa kwezimbaza noma i-salmon) kudinga izinto ezingagqwali kalula njenge-Glass-Fused-to-Steel noma i-316L stainless steel ukuze kumelane namazinga aphezulu kasawoti.
Q: Izithangi zokufuya izinhlanzi emhlabathini zivikela kanjani ekuqubukaneni kwezifo?
A: Ngoba izithangi ezisemhlabathini zisebenza ngamasistimu avaliwe noma avalwe ingxenye (njenge-RAS), zihlukanisa ngokomzimba izilwane ezifuywayo kumagciwane asendle, izinambuzane, kanye nokungcola kwemvelo okutholakala olwandle oluvulekile noma emifuleni, okunciphisa kakhulu isidingo sokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kanye nemithi yokulwa namagciwane.
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