Iyini Ithangi Lokufuya Izinhlanzi: Ukuklanywa, Ukufakwa Kwamapayipi Nokusebenza Kwezolimo Lwasemanzini
Kwadalwa ngo 07.27
Liyini Ithangi Lokufuya Izinhlanzi: Ukuklama, Amapayipi Nokusebenza Kwezokufuya
Ithangi lokufuya izinhlanzi yisitsha esiyindilinga noma esingumgudu ogcina amanzi afakwe izinhlanzi umjikelezo wokukhiqiza, elinomgudu wokungena, indlela yamanzi ehambayo noma ejikelezayo, phansi okwazi ukukhishwa ngokuphelele nokuhlanjululwa, kanye ne-biofilter ephethe i-ammonia ekhiqizwa yizinhlanzi. Amathangi ayindilinga ayathandwa ngoba ukugeleza okuyindilinga kwenza izinto eziqinile ziqoqane emgodini wokukhishwa ophakathi esikhundleni sokuhlala emakhoneni. Ithangi lensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi linikeza ingaphakathi elingasebenziyo, elibushelelezi ku-Ra engaphansi kuka-0.8 µm elihlanza ngokuphelele futhi elingakhiphi ama-ion ensimbi emanzini, enongqimba lwe-enamel oluhlanganiswe ku-820–930 °C futhi luhlolwe nge-spark ku-1500 V DC.
Ungqongqoshe wokufuywa kwezilwane zasemanzini noma umnikazi wepulazi ohlela indlu entsha uyazi ukuthi ithangi iyimpahla eyodwa okuncike kuyo wonke umkhiqizo: uma ugcwalisa ngokushisa okukhulu, ukugxilisa okukhulu noma ukuhamba kabi futhi i-biomass ilahlekelwe, futhi ithangi elingakwazi ukukhishwa futhi likhuhliwe ngosuku liba inkinga ehlala njalo ye-biofouling. Umkhumbi ngokwawo awuyona into eyivelakancane, kodwa imigomo icacile — ingaphakathi elihlanzekayo ngokuphelele, iphethini yokugeleza egcina izinto eziqinile zihamba, iphansi elikhipha ngokuphelele, kanye nempahla engeke ishintshe ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali amanzi noma ilimale ngemithi ye-chlorine noma i-peroxide esetshenziswa endlini.
Ijiyometri: iyindilinga noma i-raceway
Isimo sinquma umsebenzi wokuhlanza, futhi ithangi eliyindilinga yisizathu esenza libe namandla ekukhiqizeni kwezentengiselwano. Ithangi eliyindilinga noma eliyisiyingi lidala ukugeleza okujikelezayo okuhambisa ukudla okungadliwangayo nendle esiya phakathi nendawo, lapho umsele ophakathi nendawo ukhipha khona ngengxenye encane yevolumu ephelele; i-raceway eyindilinga inamakhona nezindawo ezingasebenzi lapho izinto eziqinile zihlala khona futhi kufanele zikhishwe ngesandla. Isimo esiyindilinga siphinde sinikeze i-wall jet efanayo nokujula kwamanzi okungaguquki, okusho ukuthi wonke umzimba wamanzi ushintshwa ngezinga elilindelekile kunokuba ingxenye yawo ime ngxi. Impikiswano efanayo ivuna ikhona eliyindilinga ku-raceway eyindilinga kanye naphansi okuyindilinga noma iphansi le-cone elide emkhunjini oyindilinga, ngoba wonke amakhona awumsebenzi wokuhlanza. Ububanzi nokujula kuvela kwi-biomass eqondiwe kanye nezinga lokulayisha: ithangi lokukhiqiza ngokuvamile likalwa ngokugcwalisa okuphezulu kanye nokujula okugcina izinhlanzi zisebangeni elikhululekile, kanye ne-freeboard ngaphezu kwezinga elihleliwe lwe-foam, ukusatshalaliswa kanye nezinyoni ezithola indlu.
Ukugeleza kwamanzi, isihlungi sezinto eziphilayo kanye nomkhawulo wokulayisha
Ithangi liyingxenye eyodwa kumjikelezo wamanzi, ngakho-ke ubukhulu balo kufanele buhlolwe ngokumelene ne-biofilter hhayi ngenhlanzi kuphela. Izinhlanzi ezigciniwe zikhiqiza i-ammonia, i-biofilter iyiguqula ibe yi-nitrate, bese amanzi eshiya umjikelezo ezingeni le-ammonia ephelele ne-nitrogen elingamukelekayo yisitoko; ngakho-ke umklamo uqala ohlotsheni, kwi-biomass eqondiwe kanye ne-ammonia nitrogen ephelele evunyelwe, bese ubuyela emuva ekuhambeni kwamanzi okudingekayo kanye nevolumu yefiltha. Indlu yokukhiqiza ejwayelekile isebenza ngomjikelezo ophindaphindayo lapho ingxenye yokuhamba kwamanzi idlula ku-moving-bed noma ku-trickling biofilter kanti enye ingxenye ishintshwa ngamanzi okungeza, futhi ithangi ngokwalo kufanele likwazi ukuletha ukuhamba kwalo emfilthini futhi libuyise amanzi ahlungiwe ngaphandle komoya obambekile. Ithangi ngalinye lidinga indawo yokungena eyakha umjikelezo oklanyelwe hhayi i-jeti eqonde ngqo esitokweni, igridi yokuphuma ebamba izinhlanzi ngaphakathi, kanye nedreyini elinganiselwe ukukhuculula okuphelele — leyo yokugcina iyona eyenza indlu iphenduke ngezinsuku hhayi ngamaviki.
Impahla yangaphakathi kanye nombuzo wamakhemikhali amanzi
Ngethangi lokukhiqiza ingaphakathi liyingxenye yekhwalithi yamanzi, hhayi nje isitsha. Ithangi lensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi linesendlalelo se-enamel esihlanganiswe nensimbi ku-820–930 °C, esingu-0.25–0.45 mm ubukhulu, elinganiselwa ngaphezu kuka-3,450 N/cm², elihlolwa nge-spark ku-1500 V DC, elibushelelezi ku-Ra engaphansi kuka-0.8 µm futhi elikwazi ukumelana ne-pH 1–14, okubalulekile ngezizathu ezintathu: ubuso abusebenzi futhi abufaki ama-ion ensimbi emanzini, ubuso obushelelezi busho ukuthi i-biofilm nezinsalela zokudla zikhukhulwa ngethumbu hhayi ngesikhafu, futhi i-enamel imelana nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali — i-peroxide, i-chlorine, i-ozone kanye nokugezwa nge-asidi noma nge-alkaline okusetshenziselwa ukubulala amagciwane nokulungisa i-pH — okusetshenziswa yindlu yokusebenza ngohlelo oluthile. I-hot-dip galvanising ngokwe-GB/T 13912-2020 isetshenziswa emsebenzini womile namanzi ahlanzekile kodwa ayifaneleki lapho amanzi ane-asidi noma lapho umkhiqizo ungowokudla, ngoba ukufuduka kwe-zinc emanzini akwamukeleki. I-Stainless 316L iyindlela ehlukile lapho amanzi ane-chloride ephezulu olwandle, futhi ithangi lensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi nalo liyisinqumo esivikelekile endaweni yasolwandle ngoba i-enamel imelana ne-chloride kangcono kunensimbi evamile ehlanganisiwe.
Ukucaciswa Kobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Qaphela |
Izinga lokushisa lokuncibilikisa i-enamel | 820–930 °C | Ingilazi ehlanganiswe nensimbi ngomjikelezo owodwa |
Ubukhulu be-enamel | 0.25–0.45 mm | Ngaphezu kuka-3,450 N/cm² |
Ukuhlolwa kwenhlansi | 1500 V DC | Ngaphambi kwe-panel ngayinye ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa |
Ukumelana ne-pH | 1–14 | Ibekezela ukubulawa kwamagciwane nokulungiswa kwe-pH |
Ukuqina kwangaphakathi | Ra < 0.8 µm | Ukuhlanza nge-hose-down |
Isimo | Indilinga iyancanywa; amakhona ayindilinga kuma-raceways | Izinto eziqinile ziya emgodini wokuhambisa ophakathi |
Phansi | Licaba nendawo yokukhipha amanzi phakathi, noma i-cone | Kumele likhiphe wonke amanzi |
Indawo yokungena | I-wall jet edala ukujikeleza okuklanyelwe | Hhayi i-jet eqondile emfuyweni |
Ukukhetha okungenasinyithi esigqwalile | 316L | Amanzi olwandle kanye nensizakalo ye-chloride ephezulu |
I-Galvanising | I-HDG kuya ku-GB/T 13912-2020 | Amanzi omile ahlanzekile kuphela |
Impilo yokuklama | Iminyaka engama-30 nangaphezulu | Igobolondo le-enamel |
Okufanele kuhlolwe ngaphambi kokwamukelwa kwethangi
Ukwamukelwa uhlu olufushane, futhi cishe konke kumayelana nokuxhumana phakathi kwethangi namanzi. Hlola ukuthi indawo yangaphakathi iqhubeka futhi ayinazo izikhala — ukuhlolwa kwe-spark ye-1500 V DC kumaphaneli umbhalo wokugcina, futhi noma yikuphi ukuqhekeka emlonyeni noma ukushayiswa yinqola yesandla kufanele kubhalwe futhi kuhlelwe ukulungiswa kwephaneli. Hlola ukuthi ithangi liyadonsa: vula umsele wokudonsa ophakathi nendawo kanye nengaphansi ephelele ezingeni lokuhlanza futhi uqinisekise ukuthi akukho ichibi elisele, ngoba ichibi liyindawo yokukhiqiza i-biofilm kanye nomgodi wezifo. Hlola indawo yokungena ukuthi kunokujikeleza okuklanyelwe ngokuwisa udayi nokuqinisekisa ukujika okugcwele okukodwa ngaphandle kwekhona elifile. Hlola igridi yokuphuma, ipayipi elimile kanye nomugqa wokudonsa ukuthi kunokugeleza okudingwa yi-biofilter emthwalweni ophezulu. Futhi hlola isimo se-gasket kanye nebhawudi ethangini eliboshiwe, ngokuqinisa kabusha ngemuva kokuthunyelwa kanye nangemuva kwesizini yokuqala, ngoba umhlangano ocwilayo endlini egcwele amanzi uba udonga okufanele luvulwe.
Icala Lomsebenzi
Iphrojekthi | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Ithangi lokufuya kwasolwandle | Shandong, China | Ithangi le-GFS | φ10.7 × 2.4 m, insizakalo yokufuya | ukuhlinzeka nokugada ukwakhiwa |
Ithangi lamanzi aluhlaza lobubanzi obukhulu | Namibia | Ithangi le-GFS | 44,900 m³ | ukuhlinzeka nokugada ukwakhiwa |
Amathangi e- aquaculture wastewater | Yunnan, China | Amathangi e-GFS | 11,603 m³ isiyonke, amayunithi angu-7 | ukuhlinzeka nokugadwa kokwakhiwa |
Amandla Obunjiniyela be-Center Enamel
UCenter Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isungule futhi yakha amathangi okugcina anezibophezelo kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi ensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi angu-300,000 ahlotshiswe nge-enamel ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kukhuliswe umthamo wokukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, i-WRAS, i-FDA, i-LFGB, i-CE (EN 1090), i-ISO 28765, i-FM, i-BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukuklama kubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Kwezolimo lwasemanzini lena ithangi elibhekene nomjikelezo wamanzi: igobolondo nokufakwa kwangaphakathi, idreyini emaphakathi nokuthambeka phansi, igridi yokungena nokuphuma, izimpawu zokuvikela emanzini kuzo zonke izixhumi, kanye nenqubo yokubopha ngezibhawodi nokuhlanza enikezwa kanye nerekhodi lokusebenza.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Yini ithangi lokufuya izinhlanzi?
A1: Umkhumbi ogcina amanzi agciniwe ngesikhathi somjikelezo wokukhiqiza, onendawo yokungena, indlela yokugeleza, phansi okukwazi ukukhipha amanzi kanye nokuxhumana ne-biofilter. Ukukhiqiza okuningi kwezentengiselwano kusebenzisa amathangi ayindilinga, ngoba ukugeleza okuyindilinga kuqoqa udoti phakathi kwendawo yokukhipha amanzi futhi ithangi lingakhishwa futhi lihlanjululwe ngokuphelele.
Q2: Kungani ithangi eliyindilinga likhethwa kunelilandelanayo?
A2: Ngoba ukugeleza okujikelezayo kuhambisa izinto eziqinile endaweni eyodwa yokukhipha amanzi futhi akushiyi makhona lapho udoti uhlala khona, wonke umthamo wamanzi ushintshwa ngendlela elindelekile, futhi ithangi lingafinyelelwa ekuhlanzweni okuphelele ngaphandle kokukhuhla ngesandla izindawo ezingasebenzi.
Q3: Ingabe ithangi le-enamel liphephile kwinhlanzi yokudla?
A3: Yebo. I-enamel iyindawo engasebenzi yengilazi, ebushelelezi ku-Ra engaphansi kuka-0.8 µm, enemibhalo ye-FDA ne-LFGB yokuxhumana nokudla kanye ne-NSF/ANSI 61 ne-WRAS yezingxenye ezithinta amanzi, ngakho ngeke ikhiphe ama-ion ensimbi emanzini okukhulisa.
Q4: Ngingasebenzisa insimbi ye-galvanised kuthangi lokukhiqiza?
A4: Kuphela ensizakalweni yamanzi omile nahlanzekile. I-hot-dip galvanising ku-GB/T 13912-2020 ayifanele amanzi ane-asidi noma ukukhiqizwa kokudla, ngoba i-zinc ingangena emanzini, yingakho i-enamel noma ingaphakathi lensimbi esigqwalile kucacisiwe emanzini anezilwane.
Q5: Ithangi likalwa kanjani?
A5: Kusukela ku-biomass eqondiwe kanye ne-ammonia ne-nitrogen evunyelwe yizinhlobo, sibuyela emuva ekuhambeni okudingekayo bese siya kumthamo wethangi nokujula. Ububanzi obuyindilinga nokujula kube sekusethwa yi-plot, umthamo wepompo kanye nokuphakama kokulayisha endlini.
Q6: Yikuphi ukwelashwa okungathathwa yindawo ye-enamel?
A6: Ukubulala amagciwane okujwayelekile nokulungiswa kwe-pH kulo lonke uhla lwe-pH 1–14, kuhlanganise nokugezwa kwe-peroxide ne-chlorine okusetshenziswa phakathi kwemijikelezo. Ukuxhumana nokwelashwa kusafanele kuqoshwe, futhi noma yikuphi ukuqhekeka komshini esiphundwini kufanele kulungiswe ngesikhathi sokuvalwa okulandelayo.
Ithangi lokufuya izinhlanzi liphumelela emininingwaneni emine: ukuma okuhambisa izinto eziqinile emseleni owodwa, isisekelo esikhama ngokuphelele, ingaphakathi elamukela uhlelo lokubulala amagciwane ngaphandle kokukhiphela noma yini emanzini, kanye nomzila wokugeleza okulinganiswe nesihlungi sezinto eziphilayo hhayi ngomthamo wethangi kuphela. Chaza lezo futhi ithangi liba yimpahla yeminyaka engamashumi amane endlini ejikayo phakathi kwemijikelezo. Thumela uhlobo, ubuningi bezinto eziphilayo kanye nomthombo wamanzi kunjiniyela futhi uzothola ukuhlelwa kwethangi okunomsuka wokukhipha amanzi, amapayipi kanye nobubanzi bokuhlanza.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Thumela uhlobo lwezinto eziphilayo kanye ne-biomass eqondiwe, umthombo wamanzi kanye nezinga lokushisa, ukuhamba kwamanzi kanye nokuhlelwa komoya, ukuthi uhlelo luhamba ngokugcwala noma luyaphindaphinda, imikhawulo yendawo kanye nesimo sasolwandle noma sangaphakathi ezweni. Sizobuyisela ukuhlelwa kwethangi elinobubanzi nokujula, imininingwane yaphansi kanye nedreyini, ukuhlelwa kokungena nokuphuma, ukuvikelwa kwangaphakathi kanye nohlu lokuhlola lokusebenza.
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