Iyini i-Cement Silo: Izinhlobo, Isakhiwo kanye Nobunjiniyela Bokukhipha
Kwadalwa ngo 07.31
Yini i-Cement Silo: Izinhlobo, Isakhiwo kanye Nobunjiniyela Bokukhipha
I-silo likasimende isitsha sokugcina esime mpo sesimende esisakazekayo noma impushana ye-cementitious, esihlinzekwa njenge-cylinder yensimbi eboshiwe noma eshiselwe ene-flat noma i-cone bottom, uphahla oluvaliwe, uhlelo lwe-fluidisation noma lwe-screw discharge kanye ne-baghouse noma i-cartridge filter endaweni yokuphefumula yokugcwalisa. Ngenxa yokuthi usimende impushana encane, ehlikihlayo, ene-alkaline ehamba kahle kodwa enqwabelana ezindaweni ezimanzi, izinto ezibalulekile ekuklanyweni kwesilo ukuhlanganiswa okungangenisi uthuli, izindawo zangaphakathi ezomile, i-bottom geometry evimbela i-rat-holing, kanye ne-lining noma i-corrosion allowance ehlala isikhathi eside ekuxhumaneni okuhlikihlayo kwempushana.
Umenenja wokusebenza kwengxube elungiselelwe noma yokugcwalisa ngaphambili owake wema ngaphansi kwesilo ekhipha iloli uyazi izinto ezimbili ezingahambi kahle: usimende owakha ibhuloho noma umgodi wamagundane phezu komgudu wokuphuma, nothuli lwesilo uqobo oluba yinkinga yemvelo yemboni. Isakhiwo ngokwaso siyisilinda esilula, kodwa isilo sikasimende empeleni siwumshini wokuphatha impushana onegobolondo elizungezile. Umsebenzi wonjiniyela ukwenza ukuziphatha kwempushana, indlela yokuphuma, indlela yothuli kanye nesimo sokugqwala kwangaphakathi kuhlangane ndawonye, ngoba ngakunye kwazo kwehluleka ngokuzimela kwabanye. Ngakho-ke, siyini isilo sikasimende uma igobolondo lisusiwe? Siwumshini wokuphatha impushana onesilinda esivaliwe esizungezile, futhi izigaba ezingezansi zisebenza ngohlobo, ukuma kwengaphansi kanye nomhumbi wothuli onquma ukuthi siyakhipha yini noma simane sibambe.
Izinhlobo ze-silo sikasimende
Imindeni emibili eyinhloko iyisilo esiyindilinga esiboshiwe esihlanganiswa ngamaphaneli asefekthri kanye nesilo esiyindilinga esishiseliwe esakhiwe ngephethini egobhiwe, futhi ukukhetha kulandela umthamo, indawo kanye nesheduli. Isilo esiboshiwe sifika njengamaphaneli acishe abe ngu-1.2 m ububanzi anamajoyinti anamafuleji, ama-gasket kanye namabhawodi ezinga le-8.8, ngakho-ke igobolondo lingamiswa ngokushesha esisekelweni sombuthano olungisiwe, liphinde liqiniswe kabusha, futhi kamuva liphakanyiswe noma landiswe; amajoyinti alo awangenisi uthuli uma i-gasket ihlezi kahle, yingakho isimo se-gasket kanye ne-torque kuyingxenye yohlelo lokuhlola. Isilo esishiseliwe sakhiwe ngephethini enemithungo eqhubekayo, sinikeza umgoqo wegobolondo oqinile emikhawulweni emincane, futhi ngokuvamile kuyindlela eshibhile yomthamo omncane endaweni eyodwa. Womabili imikhumbi yomoya emile phezu kwesisekelo sikakhonkolo esiyindilinga noma esiyisilinda esinemininingwane ye-anchor elinganiselwe umthwalo womoya kanye nokuphakama kwegobolondo elingenalutho.
Ijiyometri yaphansi nokukhipha
Usimende ugeleza kahle kodwa uyanqwabelana, ngakho phansi kanye nendawo yokuphuma kuklanywa ndawonye. Isisekelo esiyisicaba esinomthambeka waphansi noma umsele wokukhipha ophakathi nendawo kufaneleka kusilo elisebenza nge-screw conveyor noma uchungechunge lwezimbobo zokuphuma, futhi iyimpendulo evamile yomthamo omkhulu wevolumu ngoba izindleko zensimbi ziphansi. Isisekelo esiyi-cone esinomthambeka oqondile — oqondile kunekhona kokugeleza kwempuphu — sinikeza indawo eyodwa yokuphuma ephakathi nendawo nokukhipha okuhlanzekile ku-screw noma ku-valve ejikelezayo, futhi iyisinqumo esivamile lapho isilo kufanele sikhanye ngokuphelele noma lapho indawo engaphansi idinga indawo eyodwa yokudla elawulwayo. Isisekelo esiyi-funnel siyisixazululo sokulinganisa sesilo esinobubanzi obulinganiselwe lapho i-cone ephelele ingaba yinde kakhulu; idinga indawo yokuphuma enobubanzi obanele ukuvimbela i-arch eqinile, futhi ububanzi bendawo yokuphuma kufanele bulinganiswe ngokugeleza hhayi ngosayizi we-conveyor. Noma iyiphi i-geometry ekhethiwe, izinga lokukhipha, ububanzi be-screw namandla e-shaft kufanele kubalwe njengohlelo olulodwa, ngoba i-screw encane kakhulu emile iyisizathu esivame kakhulu sokuthi isilo esisha sibonakale singakhiphi.
Uthuli, ukugcwalisa kanye nesikhwama sengcindezi
Ukugcwalisa isilo sikasimende kuwumsebenzi wokuthutha ngomoya, futhi umoya kufanele uphume ngokuhlunga hhayi ngamajoyinti wophahla. Umugqa wokugcwalisa ungena ngokuxhumana okuzungezayo okuvaliwe ophahleni noma egobolondweni eliphezulu, futhi umoya okhishiwe udlula esihlungini sendlu yezikhwama noma esihlungini sekhatriji esilinganiswe nomthamo womoya wokuthutha, kube nesivalo somoya esizungezayo ngaphansi kwesitsha sesihlungi ukubuyisela usimende obanjiwe esilweni. Uma isihlungi sincane kakhulu noma amajoyinti engaqinile, isitshalo sithola uthuli endaweni yokugcwalisa; uma indawo yokuphuma komoya ivaliwe, isilo sicindezelwa futhi siphakamisa uphahla noma siphefumule isihlungi, yingakho indawo yokuphuma komoya enendlela yokukhulula kanye nesihlungi esinesikhombisi sokwehluka kwengcindezi kufanele kube semklamweni. Ingcindezi ngaphakathi ingamakhilopaskali ambalwa ngesikhathi sokugcwalisa futhi ayikho nhlobo ngesikhathi sokukhipha; isilo sisezingeni lomoya futhi akumele neze sisebenze njengomkhumbi wengcindezi.
Ukugqwala nendawo yangaphakathi
Ukhonkolo owomile unomzimba ongathí xaxa futhi uyagqagqala; ukhonkolo omanzi uyinto enamathayo ezokonakalisa futhi ekugcineni ibole umhlabathi wensimbi ongavikelwe. Ngakho-ke umbuzo wokugqwala kwangaphakathi umayelana nokulawulwa komswakama kanye nempahla. Gcina uphahla nengxenye ephezulu yegobolondo yomile futhi kushisa ngokwanele ukuthi kungabi nomjuluko, vala yonke indawo yokungena namalunga ukuze imvula namanzi okugeza kungakwazi ukungena, futhi utshekise uphahla luya emseleni ovaliwe. Lapho umsebenzi uhlanganisa ukugcinwa endaweni enomswakama, iphedi yokuhambisa uketshezi phansi, indlela yomoya wokugcwalisa ohlanjululwe umswakama, noma ingaphakathi le-enamel, impilo yesilo inyuka ngokubonakalayo. Isilo sensimbi esihlanganiswe nengilazi sinesendlalelo se-enamel esihlanganiswe ku-820–930 °C ngobukhulu obungu-0.25–0.45 mm, esilinganiselwe ngaphezu kuka-3,450 N/cm², esihlolwe nge-spark ku-1500 V DC, esibushelelezi ku-Ra engaphansi kuka-0.8 µm futhi esibekezelela i-pH 1–14, sinikeza ingaphakathi elingangenisi lokuphikisa udaka olunomzimba ongathí xaxa futhi elingagezwa phakathi kwemikhankaso; kukhonkolo owomile esimweni sezulu esomile, i-hot-dip galvanising eya ku-GB/T 13912-2020 iyindlela evamile futhi engabizi.
Incazelo yezobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Qaphela |
Uhlobo lwe-silo | Amaphaneli aboshiwe noma ipuleti elishiselwe | Igobolondo lesilinda somkhathi |
Ububanzi bephaneli | ~1.2 m | Iphaneli eboshiwe eyenziwe efektri |
Uhlobo lwaphansi | Isicaba, ikhoni noma ifaneli | Kulinganiswa ngokwe-engeli yokugeleza |
Indawo yokuphuma | I-valve emaphakathi, isikulufu noma i-rotary airlock | Kulinganiswa ngezinga elidingekayo |
Indawo yokuphefumula yokugcwalisa | I-Baghouse noma isihlungi se-cartridge | Kulinganiswa nomthamo womoya wokuhambisa |
Uhlelo lokuhlanganisa | I-Flange, i-EPDM gasket, namabhawodi ezinga le-8.8 | Ayinothuli uma isihlalisiwe futhi iqiniswe nge-torque |
Inketho yangaphakathi | I-Enamel ehlanganiswe ku-820–930 °C, 0.25–0.45 mm | pH 1–14, Ra < 0.8 µm |
Inketho ye-Galvanising | I-HDG kuya ku-GB/T 13912-2020 | Inkonzo yezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezomile, ezingonakali kalula |
Uphahla | Ikhoni eboshiwe noma idome ye-aluminium AWWA D108 / API 650 | Imithwalo ku-ADM 2015 / ASCE 7-10 |
Isisekelo | Indandatho noma isilinda sikakhonkolo esinama-anchor | Umthwalo womoya nokuphakama kwesikhumba esingenalutho |
Ukukhetha okusebenzayo kwephrojekthi yangempela
Qala endleleni yokuletha, ngoba yiyo eqinisa umthamo kanye nendawo yokugcwalisa. I-silo elondliwa nge-conveyor yomoya esuka elolini lwezinto eziningi noma ku-blower yesitshalo idinga indawo yokungena ophahleni kanye nesihlungi somoya esilinganiswe ngalo mthamo womoya; i-silo elondliwa nge-screw noma nge-bucket elevator idinga isivalo sokugcwalisa esivalekile kanye nesihlungi somoya esincane. Bese ulinganisa i-silo ngokusebenzisa ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke kwesitshalo kanye nesikhathi sokulinda phakathi kokulethwa, bese ukhulisa ububanzi nokuphakama kube ngamaphaneli aphelele noma izigaba zamapuleti ukuze umthamo otholakele uhlangabezane nesidingo. Ekugcineni hlola i-crane kanye nendawo: i-silo eboshiwe ingaphakanyiswa ngezigaba ezengeziwe kamuva, okuyinto evamile ukuthi i-precast yard ikhule ngayo, kuyilapho i-silo eshiselwe ingakwazi.
Icala lephrojekthi
Iphrojekthi | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Ithangi lamanzi aluhlaza lobubanzi obukhulu | INamibia | Ithangi le-GFS | 44,900 m³ | ukuhlinzeka nokugadwa kokwakhiwa |
Isitoreji samanzi omlilo, amathangi amabili | ISichuan, eChina | Ithangi lamanzi omlilo le-GFS | 8,930 m³ | ukuhlinzeka nokugadwa kokwakhiwa |
Ithangi lokugcina lobubanzi obukhulu | IBeijing, eChina | Ithangi le-GFS | 9,682 m³ | ukuhlinzeka nokugadwa kokwakhiwa |
Ikhono Lobunjiniyela Lokufaka Uqwembe Lwasekhaya
UCenter Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isungule futhi yakha amathangi okugcina anezibophezelo kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi ensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi angu-300,000 ahlanganiswe ne-enamel ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe umthamo wokukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, i-WRAS, i-FDA, i-LFGB, i-CE (EN 1090), i-ISO 28765, i-FM, i-BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukwakhiwa kubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho isicelo sidinga khona.
Okwensizakalo yezinto ezomile ezisakazwayo kanye neziyimpuphu lokhu kusebenza kumasilo kanye namathangi: ukuhlinzekwa ngamaphaneli noma ngamapuleti kanye ne-gasket ehlanganyelwe ecacisiwe ukuze kube nokuhlanganiswa okungangenisi uthuli, ukuma kwaphansi okuhambisana ne-engeli yokugeleza, ukuxhumana kophahla nendawo yokuphefumula, kanye nomkhakha wesihlungi ne-airlock okuvunyelwene ngawo nohlelo lokuhambisa lwemboni.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Uyini umehluko phakathi kwesilo sikasimende esiboshiwe nesishiseliwe?
A1: I-silo ehlanganiswe ngamabhawodi yakhiwe ngamaphaneli enziwe efektri anamajoyinti aneflange ane-gasket kanye namabhawodi ezinga le-8.8, ihlanganiswa ngokushesha futhi kamuva iyandiswa; i-silo ehlanganiswe ngokushisela yakhiwe ngephepha eligoqiwe elinemithungo eqhubekayo futhi ngokuvamile iyisinqumo esingabizi kakhulu kumadayamitha amancane. Zombili ziyimikhumbi ye-atmospheric.
Q2: Yimuphi umphansi ongcono kakhulu kasimende, oyisicaba noma oyikhowuni?
A2: Umphansi oyisicaba ushibhe kakhulu futhi ulungele indawo enkulu esetshenziswa isikulufu noma izimbobo zokuphuma eziningana; umphansi oyikhowuni unikeza umgudu owodwa ophakathi nendawo nokuphuma okucishe kuphele ngezindleko zensimbi eziphezulu kanye ne-silo ende. I-slope kufanele yeqe i-engeli yokugeleza kwempuphu kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yikuphi okukhethiwe.
Q3: Kungani i-silo kasimende iqhuma noma iphakamisa uphahla lwayo?
A3: Ngokuvamile kungenxa yokuthi isihlungi somoya sivalekile noma i-silo igcwaliswa ngokushesha kunokuba umoya ungaphuma, ngakho umoya okhishiwe wenyusa ingcindezi yangaphakathi. Isihlungi se-baghouse noma se-cartridge esinosayizi ofanele esinegeji yengcindezi ehlukile nendlela yokukhulula kuyayivimbela, futhi i-silo ayilokothi ithathwe njengomkhumbi wengcindezi.
Q4: Ingabe usimende ugqwala i-silo yensimbi?
A4: Usimende owomile unomzimba ophakathi nendawo futhi awunabungozi kakhulu, kodwa umswakama uwuguqula ube yinhlama eqinayo engcolisa indawo futhi ibambe amanzi eduze kwensimbi. Ukugcina ingaphakathi lomile, ukuvala uphahla nezindawo zokungena, nokwengeza i-enamel lining noma ingaphakathi eline-galvanised kwandisa isikhathi sokusebenza kakhulu.
Q5: Ilinganiswa kanjani i-silo yemboni yokuxuba usimende?
A5: Kusukela ekusetshenzisweni kukasimende kwansuku zonke kanye nesitoreji esidingekayo sesikhathi sokulethwa, bese kufinyezwa phezulu kumaphaneli aphelele noma imigqa yamapuleti. Hlola indlela yokugcwalisa kuqala, ngoba inquma indawo yokungena, usayizi womoya wokuphuma kanye nendawo ephezulu yesitoreji.
Q6: Ingabe isilo esiboshiwe singandiswa kamuva?
A6: Yebo. Imigqa eyengeziwe iphakamisa igobolondo, amaphaneli engeziwe andisa indawo yokuma, noma kufakwa esinye isilo, okugwema ukushintshwa okuphelele komhlaba okudingwa isilo esishiseliwe somthamo ofanayo.
I-silo sikasimende isitsha sokusingatha impushana esinegobolondo elizungezile: ukuma kwezansi kulandela i-engeli yokugeleza, izinga lokukhipha lichaza indawo yokuphuma kanye nesikulufu, umoya wokugcwalisa uchaza usayizi wesihlungi, futhi ukoma kwangaphakathi kunquma ukuthi insimbi ihlala isikhathi esingakanani. Chaza lezo zinto ndawonye bese isilo sigcwala, sikhiphe futhi sihlale singangenwa uthuli amashumi eminyaka. Thumela uhlobo lukasimende, umthamo, amazinga okuletha nokukhipha kunjiniyela futhi uzothola ukuhlelwa kwesilo okunezansi, indawo yokukhipha umoya kanye nobubanzi bokugqwala.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Thumela uhlobo lukasimende kanye nokusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke, amazinga okulethwa nokukhipha, indlela yokugcwalisa kanye nomthamo womoya wokuthutha, imikhawulo yendawo nokuphakama, kanye nedatha yomoya neqhwa yendawo. Sizobuyisela ukuhlelwa kwesilo kanye nohlobo lwaphansi, indawo yokuphuma, isihlungi somoya, imininingwane yokuhlangana nokuvikelwa kwangaphakathi, kanye nephakethe yomdwebo nesimiso.
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