Yini i-Biomass Storage Silo Design Material and Handling Practice
Kwadalwa ngo 07.30
Uyini Umklamo Wesilo Sokugcina I-Biomass, Izinto Zokwakha kanye Nezinqubo Zokuphatha
I-silo yokugcina i-biomass iyisitsha sensimbi esiboshwe noma esishiselwe esibamba impahla enkulu yemvelo — ama-chip okhuni, utshani, izinsalela zasezindaweni zokugaya, ama-pellet noma ama-slurry — isikhathi eside ngokwanele ukuze isitshalo sisebenze ngokuqhubekayo. Izinkinga ezilawulayo azizona ezakhiwo kodwa ukuziphatha kwempahla: ukwakheka kwama-arch nokuxhumana, ukujiya kwamanzi ophahleni, ingozi yokuqhuma kothuli, kanye nokugqwala kwangaphakathi okuvela kuma-condensate ane-asidi akheka ku-biomass emanzi. I-silo yensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi enongqimba lwe-enamel olungu-0.25–0.45 mm ubukhulu, oluhlanganiswe ku-820–930 °C futhi lwahlolwa nge-spark ku-1500 V DC, inikeza ingaphakathi elingenzi lutho, elibushelelezi elimelana ne-condensate ene-asidi futhi elihlanza kalula; i-geometry yaphansi ibe isikhethwa ngokwezinga lokukhipha kanye ne-angle yokugeleza kwempahla.
Ungqongqoshe wemboni yezitshalo ocacisa i-silo yokugcina i-biomass akavamile ukukhathazeka ngokuthi ugobolondo luzokuma lwedwa; i-silo iyisilinda eside futhi imithwalo iqondwa kahle. Okukhathazayo kuyo yonke enye into: ukuthi ingabe impahla izogeza lapho isikulufu siqala, ukuthi uphahla luzojuluka futhi lwehlele esitokisini esimanzi, ukuthi uthuli luzothola umthombo wokushisa, nokuthi ingaphakathi lomkhumbi lizogqwala liphume ngaphansi kwesembozo esivikelayo phakathi nezinkathi ezintathu. Le mibuzo emine inquma ukuma kwe-silo, isu lokumboza kanye nempahla yokwakha, futhi akukho kuyo evela ekubalweni komthamo. Ukuthi iyini i-silo yokugcina i-biomass akuwona umbuzo womthamo kunombuzo wokuphathwa kwempahla nokujiya, ophendulwa ngaphambi kokuba ububanzi bunqunywe.
Okwenziwa yinto egciniwe ngempela ngaphakathi kwesilo
Ukuziphatha kobuningi kusetha i-geometry, futhi i-engeli yokugeleza iyinombolo ebalulekile. Ama-chip okhuni, utshani, i-bagasse kanye nezinsalela ze-mill ziyahluka kakhulu nge-engeli yokuphumula, ukuminyana kobuningi kanye nokuthambekela kokuhlanganisa; into ebamba i-engeli ephezulu yokuphumula ngeke ikhupheke ku-cone eklanyelwe umkhiqizo oyisihluzi ogeleza ngokukhululekile, futhi into enemicu emide izokwanda phakathi kwamalungu esakhiwo alula futhi yakhe i-arch phezu komlomo we-hopper. Indlela esebenzayo ukuthatha i-engeli yokugeleza ekaliwe kanye nokuminyana kobuningi besitoko esithile, bese ukhetha phansi: i-flat bottom ene-sloped floor noma i-central discharge yezinto ezigeleza kahle nalapho umthamo mkhulu, noma i-cone noma i-funnel bottom enomlomo olinganiselwe izinga langaphansi lezinto ezidinga usizo. I-silo eyakhiwe yaphakama futhi yancipha ifanele into elula enokuminyana okuncane kobuningi; umthamo ofanayo esimweni esibanzi futhi esingajulile ufanele isitoko esinzima esimanzi esingadala umthwalo omkhulu wodonga uma siphezulu.
Ukujiya, uthuli kanye nombuzo wokugqwala
I-biomass emanzi esesilweni sensimbi ikhiqiza i-condensate ene-asidi, futhi leyo condensate, hhayi into eqinile eyomile, iyona ehlasela udonga. Umoya ofudumele onomswakama ongena kanye nezinto ezigciniwe uyakhuphuka, uhlangane nophahla olubandayo nepuleti lophahla, bese ujiya ebusweni bangaphakathi; kuhlangene nama-asidi akhishwayo avela okhunini notshani, kwakha ifilimu eludlamekayo ehlasela insimbi ye-carbon, i-galvanising kanye nama-weld angavikelwe ngokushesha okukhulu kunokugcinwa okomile. Izimpendulo ezimbili zokuklama zihambisana: gcina uphahla negobolondo eliphezulu kufudumele futhi kukhipha amanzi ukuze i-condensate igeleze iye emseleni ovaliweyo esikhundleni sokuthi iconselise ezintweni ezigciniwe, futhi faka i-lining emelana nokugqwala ngaphakathi. Yilapho isilo sensimbi esihlanganiswe nengilazi sithola indawo yaso khona: ungqimba lwe-enamel luhlanganiswa ku-820–930 °C ngobukhulu obungu-0.25–0.45 mm, lukalwa ngaphezu kuka-3,450 N/cm², luhlolwa nge-spark ku-1500 V DC, lubushelelezi ku-Ra engaphansi kuka-0.8 µm futhi lubekezelela i-pH 1–14, ngakho i-condensate ene-asidi kanye nezinto ezigciniwe ezimanzi kuhlala endaweni engasebenzi engagezwa phakathi kwemikhankaso.
Ijiyometri yaphansi: isicaba, ikhoni noma ifaneli
Ukukhetha okungezansi kuwukuhwebelana phakathi kwezinto ezisele, izindleko zempahla kanye nokuthembeka kokukhipha. Isisekelo esiyisicaba sinikeza izindleko eziphansi kakhulu zensimbi kanye nesisekelo esilula kunazo zonke, futhi sifanele umthamo omkhulu wamavolumu lapho impahla ikhishwa khona ngomsele waphansi, isidluliseli esihudulayo noma uchungechunge lwezimbobo ze-auger; izindleko zaso yizinto ezisele phansi kanye nokuhlanza okuthathe isikhathi eside. Isisekelo esiyisigaxa — isigaxa sangempela esinomthambeka okhephuzayo ngokwanele ukudlula i-engeli yokugeleza kwempahla — sinikeza ukukhishwa okucishe kuphelele kanye nendawo ehlangene ngaphezulu komsele, ngezindleko zensimbi eyengeziwe, isilo eside kanye nesisekelo esiyinkimbinkimbi. Isisekelo esiyifaneli siyisixazululo esisebenzayo sezinto ezinemicu: ifaneli eyiphiramidi engajulile enomsele omncane kanye nosizo lokuxukuza noma lokudlidliza, okuyinto izitoko eziningi ze-biomass namapellethi ezikudingayo. Noma iyiphi i-geometry, umsele kanye nesidluliseli esingezansi kufanele kulinganiswe ndawonye, ngoba isilo silungile kuphela ngokwamandla aso okuletha ngesilinganiso esisetshenziswa yisitshalo.
Ukucaciswa Kobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Qaphela |
Izinga lokushisa lokuncibilikisa i-enamel | 820–930 °C | Ingilazi encibilikisiwe ensimbi ngomjikelezo owodwa |
Ubukhulu bongqimba lwe-enamel | 0.25–0.45 mm | Ngaphezu kuka-3,450 N/cm² |
Ukuhlolwa kwenhlansi | 1500 V DC | Ngaphambi kwephaneli ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa |
Ukumelana ne-pH | 1–14 | Iphatha i-biomass condensate ene-asidi |
Ubulukhuni bangaphakathi | Ra < 0.8 µm | Ukugeza phakathi kwemikhankaso |
Inketho ye-galvanising | HDG kuya ku-GB/T 13912-2020 | Okugcwele okomile, okuncane kokugqwala kuphela |
Ububanzi bephaneli | ~1.2 m | Iphaneli ehlanganisiwe eyenziwe efektri |
Uhlelo lokuhlanganisa | Flanged, EPDM gasket, 8.8-grade bolts | I-torque engaphinde isetshenziswe |
Uhlobo lwaphansi | Isicaba, ikhoni (i-hopper) noma ifaneli | Kukhethwe kusukela ku-engeli yokugeleza |
Uphahla | I-cone eboshiwe, noma i-aluminium dome AWWA D108 / API 650 | Imithwalo ku-ADM 2015 / ASCE 7-10 |
Uthuli, ugesi ongashintshi kanye nohlaka lokuphepha
I-silo ye-biomass iyisitsha sokusingatha uthuli, futhi imininingwane yokuphepha kufanele ibe sekwakhiweni hhayi enkambisweni yokusebenza. Uthuli olucolekile lwe-biomass olulengayo lunamandla okushisa aphansi, ngakho-ke i-silo idinga uhlelo lokuqoqa uthuli endaweni yokugcwalisa, indlela yokuhambisa neyokwehlisa eboshiwe noma ephansi, indawo yokuphuma komlilo noma ilungiselelo lokucisha okuvunyelwene ngalo nesiphathimandla, kanye nezinga lokugcwalisa elingaphonsi ifu lothuli endaweni yekhanda. Lapho isikhala segesi se-silo sisetshenziselwa ingcindezi enhle evela emoyeni wokugcwalisa, leyo ngcindezi ihlala kumakhilopaskali ambalwa ngendlela yokukhulula; isitsha sisezingeni lomkhathi, hhayi isitsha sengcindezi. Futhi ukukhishwa kokuqoqwa kothuli kufanele kubuyele ku-silo ngokusebenzisa i-valve ejikelezayo evaliwe hhayi umsele ovulekile, okuwumehluko phakathi kwe-silo egcina ingcindezi engemihle naleyo ekhipha yonke imithwalo yamaloli ibheke esakhiweni.
Icala Leprojekthi
Iprojekthi | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Ithangi lamanzi aluhlaza elinobubanzi obukhulu | INamibia | Ithangi le-GFS | 44,900 m³ | ukuhlinzeka nokugadwa kokwakhiwa |
Isitoreji samanzi omlilo, amathangi amabili | ISichuan, eChina | Ithangi lamanzi omlilo le-GFS | 8,930 m³ | ukuhlinzeka nokugadwa kokwakhiwa |
Ithangi lokugcina elinobubanzi obukhulu | IBeijing, eChina | Ithangi le-GFS | 9,682 m³ | ukuhlinzeka nokugadwa kokwakhiwa |
Ikhono Lobunjiniyela be-Center Enamel
UCenter Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isungule futhi yakha amathangi okugcina anezibophezelo kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi ensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi angu-300,000 ahlanganiswe ne-enamel ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kukhuliswe umthamo wokukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, i-WRAS, i-FDA, i-LFGB, i-CE (EN 1090), i-ISO 28765, i-FM, i-BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukuklama kubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho isicelo sidinga khona.
Okwezinto ezomile ezisetshenziswayo kanye ne-biomass eziba umkhakha we-silo ngokufakwa kwangaphakathi, imininingwane yophahla nomsele, ukuma kwaphansi okufanele i-engeli yokugeleza elinganisiwe, ukuxhumana kokukhishwa kothuli kanye nokwenziwa kwephaneli noma kwepuleti lekhoni lokulethwa okuboshiwe noma okushiseliwe.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-silo ye-biomass kanye nethangi loketshezi?
A1: Ithangi loketshezi lakhiwe ngokwesilinganiso samanzi angaphansi nengeni loketshezi; isilo se-biomass sakhiwe ngokwesilinganiso sokuminyana kobuningi, i-engeli yokugeleza, ukunqwabelana nokuxhuma, kanye nothuli nokujiya. Uqweqwe luyafana, kodwa i-geometry yaphansi, indawo yokuphuma, ukudonsa kwamanzi ophahleni nokuphathwa kothuli kuwumsebenzi wangempela.
Q2: Ingabe isilo se-biomass kufanele sibe ne-cone noma phansi oyisicaba?
A2: Khetha kusukela ku-engeli yokugeleza elinganisiwe yento. Isisekelo esiyisicaba sishibhile futhi silungele into egeleza ngokukhululekile kanye nomthamo omkhulu; i-cone noma isisekelo se-funnel siyadingeka lapho into esele nokukhipha okuthembekile kubaluleke kakhulu kunembizo yokuqala, futhi umthambeka kufanele weqe i-engeli yokugeleza yento.
Q3: Kungani ingaphakathi lesilo sensimbi se-biomass ligqwala ngokushesha kangaka?
A3: Ngoba i-biomass emanzi ikhipha ama-asidi ashintshashintshayo futhi umoya ofudumele nongomile uyajiya ophahleni olubandayo nasegobolweni eliphezulu. I-condensate iyahlasele ngisho nalapho into eqinile ngokwayo inobungozi, yingakho i-lining yangaphakathi engasebenzi kanye nokudonswa kwamanzi, kanye nemininingwane yophahla oluvaliwe kuhamba ndawonye.
Q4: Ingabe insimbi ye-galvanised ifanele i-biomass?
A4: I-HDG ku-GB/T 13912-2020 iyasebenza ku-bulk ehlanzekile, eyomile endaweni engaphakathi enokugqwala okuphansi, kodwa ayifanele lapho i-condensate ine-asidi noma lapho ukuthintana nokudla noma ukudla kwezilwane kusebenza khona. Ku-biomass emanzi ene-condensate ene-asidi, igobolondo elihlanganiswe nge-enamel noma uhlelo oluhlanganisiwe olune-corrosion allowance ebhaliwe iyisinqumo esiphephile.
Q5: Ingabe ingozi yokuqhuma kothuli ibhekwa kanjani?
A5: Ngokuqoqwa kothuli endaweni yokugcwalisa, indlela yempahla ehlanganisiwe futhi eboshiwe, indawo yokukhipha umoya noma ilungiselelo lokucindezela okuvunyelwene nayo nesiphathimandla, kanye ne-valve eyindilinga evaliwe phakathi kwesistimu yokuqoqa kanye nesilo esikhundleni somsele ovulekile.
Q6: Ingabe isilo esiboshiwe singakhuliswa kamuva?
A6: Yebo. Isilo esiboshiwe singaphakanyiswa ngamakhosi engeziwe, sandiswe ngamaphaneli engeziwe, noma kufakwe enye iyunithi, okugwema ukushintshwa okuphelele kwezokwakha okudingwa isilo esishiseliwe esinomthamo ofanayo.
I-silo yokugcina i-biomass ichazwa yinto ewugcinayo: i-engeli yokugeleza inquma phansi, ukuminyana kwengqimba inquma ukuma, umswakama kanye ne-condensate ene-asidi inquma ingaphakathi elihlanganisiwe, futhi izici zothuli zinquma imininingwane yokugcwalisa nokukhipha. Thola lezi zine ngendlela efanele bese isilo sisebenza amashumi eminyaka ngokuhlanza phakathi kwemikhankaso; uma ungazitholi ngendlela efanele, isakhiwo siba sihle kodwa isitsha siyeka ukukhipha. Thumela idatha yempahla, umthamo kanye nezinga lokukhipha kunjiniyela futhi uzothola ukuhlelwa kwesilo okuhlanganisa ingaphakathi, uphahla kanye nobubanzi bothuli.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Thumela uhlobo lwe-biomass, ukuminyana kwayo, i-engeli yokugeleza, izinga lomswakama kanye ne-asidi ye-condensate elindelekile, umthamo odingekayo kanye nezinga lokukhishwa ngehora, imikhawulo yendawo nokuphakama, kanye nohlelo lokuqoqwa kothuli. Sizobuyisela ukucushwa kwe-silo okuhlanganisa uhlobo lwaphansi, i-lining, uphahla kanye nemininingwane ye-dust interface kanye namadrowa kanye nephakethe le-specification.
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