Iyini Ithangi Lamanzi Le-Vitreous Enamel Incazelo Yokwakhiwa Nomsebenzi
Kwadalwa ngo 09.16
Iyini Ithangi Lamanzi Le-Vitreous Enamel Incazelo Yokwakhiwa Nomsebenzi
Ithangi lamanzi le-vitreous enamel yithangi lensimbi elingaphezulu langaphakathi linengqimba yengilazi ehlanganiswe nensimbi ku-820–930 °C, ngokuvamile engu-0.25–0.45 mm ubukhulu. I-enamel ayisebenzi, ikwazi ukumelana ne-pH 1–14, ibushelelezi ku-Ra engaphansi kuka-0.8 µm futhi ilinganiselwa eminyakeni engu-30 nangaphezulu, futhi wonke amaphaneli ahlolwa nge-spark ku-1500 V DC ngaphambi kokuhlanganiswa. Ekwakhiweni okuboshiwe uqweqwe lufika njengamaphaneli enziwe efektri anamajoyinti anamaflange, ama-gasket e-EPDM kanye namabhawudi e-8.8-grade, ngakho-ke ithangi umkhumbi we-atmospheric ongaphinde uqiniswe, unwetshwe futhi ulungiswe ngokushintsha amaphaneli esikhundleni sokuphinda upendwe.
Umenzi noma unjiniyela oke wacacisa kuphela amathangi ensimbi yekhabhoni ashiselwe, uhlangana okokuqala ne-vitreous enamel lapho iphrojekthi yamanzi noma yamanzi angcolile iphoqa umbuzo: yini ngempela engaphakathi ethangini ethinta amanzi, futhi kwenzekani kuyo ngonyaka wesishiyagalombili. I-vitreous enamel iphendula lowo mbuzo ngqo, ngoba indawo ethinta amanzi iyingilazi hhayi upende noma insimbi engenalutho. Leli gama lidala futhi alikhangi, kodwa ubunjiniyela obungemuva kwethangi lamanzi le-vitreous enamel lesimanje bunemba: ungqimba lwengilazi oluhlanganiswe nensimbi emjikelezweni wokushisa okuphezulu, amaphaneli akhiqizwa efektri, izihlanganisi zivalwa nge-gasket, futhi impilo yesevisi ilinganiswa ngamashumi eminyaka hhayi imijikelezo yokupenda. Ngakho-ke, iyini ithangi lamanzi le-vitreous enamel empeleni iyingubo yensimbi eboshiwe ephethe ingaphakathi lengilazi elihlanganisiwe, ecaciswa ngokuvunywa kwe-lining, i-gasket kanye ne-vent njengephakethe elilodwa.
Ukuthi igama elithi vitreous lisho ukuthini ngempela lapha
I-Vitreous isho imvelo efana nengilazi, engeyona eyekristalu yokumboza, futhi lelo qiniso elilodwa liqhubela wonke umklamo. Ingaphezulu langaphakathi liyisendlalelo sengilazi esincibilikisiwe ensimbi futhi esihlanganiswe nayo emjikelezweni owodwa wokushisa okuphezulu ku-820–930 °C, yingakho ukumboza kubambelela esisekelweni esikhundleni sokuhlala phezu kwaso, nokuthi kungani inhlanganisela iziphatha njengento eyodwa kunokuba njengopende ensimbi. Ngenxa yokuthi iyingilazi, ayisebenzi ngamakhemikhali emanzini ewabambayo, ayikhiphi into emanzini okusetshenziswayo, futhi ibekezelela ububanzi be-pH obusuka ku-1 kuye ku-14, obuhlanganisa amanzi ezimboni ane-asidi ne-alkaline, amanzi okuphuza kanye nesigaba se-septic sethangi lokulinganisa lamanzi angcolile. Ukujiya kwesendlalelo kuma-0.25–0.45 mm futhi kulinganiselwa ngaphezu kwe-3,450 N/cm².
Indlela ithangi lamanzi le-vitreous enamel elakhiwa ngayo
Indlela yokwakha inquma ukuthi ithangi limiswa kanjani, lihlolwe kanjani futhi landiswe kanjani kamuva. Indlela evamile iyithangi lensimbi elihlanganiswe ngengilazi eliboshwe ngamabhawudi: amaphaneli akhiqizwa efektri acishe abe ngu-1.2 m ububanzi, ngalinye lifakwe i-enamel futhi lihlolwe nge-spark ku-1500 V DC ukuthola izimbobo ezincane ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa, lilethwa njenge-flat pack futhi lihlanganiswa phezu kweringi kakhonkolo noma isisekelo esiyisicaba ngamajoyinti ane-flange, ama-gasket e-EPDM kanye namabhawudi e-8.8-grade. Umsebenzi wasensimini ukubhawuda ngokulawula i-torque hhayi ukulandelana kwama-weld asensimini, okunciphisa uhlelo esizeni esimanzi noma esikude futhi kubeka umsebenzi obalulekile wokukhiqiza endaweni elawulwayo eqhuba cishe ama-300,000 amapulangwe ensimbi ane-enamel-coated ngonyaka. Enye indlela iwukuba iqokobhe elidayiwe eline-enamel lining efakwe njengamaphaneli noma i-weldable lining elungele i-lagging; kukho kokubili, ithangi iyisitsha se-atmospheric, hhayi isitsha somfutho, futhi uphahla luyi-cone ejulile kancane, isembozo esiboshwe ngamabhawudi noma idome ye-aluminium ebhekiswe ku-AWWA D108 kanye ne-API 650 nemithwalo yomoya neqhwa evela ku-ADM 2015 noma i-ASCE 7-10.
Kungani ukuqedwa kwendawo kubalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kwamanzi
Ingaphezulu le-enamel elibushelelezi liyisici sekhwalithi yamanzi nesondlo, hhayi isici sobuhle. Ingaphezulu le-vitreous enamel linokukhululeka okungaphansi kwe-Ra 0.8 µm, okusho ukuthi inzika, i-biofilm kanye nodaka akukho okuningi abangakubamba, ngakho ithangi lingagezwa ngethumbu nangomjikijeli hhayi ngokuklwebha. Ekusetshenzisweni kwamanzi okuphuzwayo i-enamel igcina ukunambitheka kwamanzi kuzinzile futhi, ngemibhalo ye-NSF/ANSI 61 ne-WRAS mayelana nezinto ezithintana namanzi, iyanelisa imfuneko yamanzi okuphuzwayo ngaphandle kwesembozo esidinga ukufakwa kabusha. Ekusetshenzisweni kwamanzi angcolile ukubushelelezi okufanayo kunciphisa uqweqwe lodaka olwakheka endaweni emangelengele, okugcina ungqimba lwenhlaka luncane futhi ithangi libe lula ukulikhama. Izindlela zokwehluleka okufanele kucaciswe ngokumelene nazo ukuhlukaniswa emaphethelweni ahlanganiswe kabi kanye nezimbobo ezincane ezivela eholidini eligejiwe, futhi zombili zixazululwa inqubo yokuhlanganisa kanye nokuhlolwa kwenhlansi ye-1500 V DC hhayi ngokwengeza ukujiya kodonga.
Ukucaciswa Kobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Qaphela |
Izinga lokuncibilika kwe-enamel | 820–930 °C | Ingilazi ehlanganiswe nensimbi ngomjikelezo owodwa |
Ubukhulu bongqimba lwe-enamel | 0.25–0.45 mm | Ngaphezu kuka-3,450 N/cm² |
Ukuhlolwa kwenhlansi | 1500 V DC | Ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa kwephaneli ngayinye |
Ukumelana ne-pH | 1–14 | Ububanzi obukhulu bemichachazo yamanzi |
Ukuqina kobuso | Ra < 0.8 µm | Ukungcola okuphansi, kulula ukugeza |
Ububanzi bephaneli | ~1.2 m | Yenziwe efektri, ilethwa i-flat-pack |
Uhlelo lokuxhumanisa | Ukuhlangana okune-flange, i-gasket ye-EPDM, amabhawodi ezinga le-8.8 | Impendulo 1: Cha. Ithangi lamanzi lensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi liyisitsha somkhathi noma sokucindezela okuphansi. Uma kusetshenziswa isikhala segesi, ingcindezi yaso igcinwa kumakhilopaskali ambalwa kuphela ngesisetshenziswa sokukhulula; ithangi akumele neze licaciswe noma lisebenze njengesitsha sokucindezela. |
Ubukhulu bephaneli | 3–12 mm ngokomklamo | I-lining ibhekana nokugqwala, hhayi ubukhulu |
Uphahla | I-cone ebhawodiwe noma idome ye-aluminium AWWA D108 / API 650 | Imithwalo ku-ADM 2015 / ASCE 7-10 |
Impilo yokuklama | Iminyaka engama-30 nangaphezulu | Igobolondo le-enamel |
Ukusebenzisa i-vitreous enamel emsebenzini wangempela wamanzi
Amanzi aphuzwayo, amanzi angakalungiswa, amanzi okuqeda umlilo kanye namanzi angcolile yizimo ezine lapho impendulo ye-enamel ivame ukunqoba. Emanzini aphuzwayo i-enamel iqinisekisiwe ukuthi ingathintwa namanzi okuphuza futhi ithangi linikeza amashumi eminyaka ngaphandle kokupenda kabusha ngaphakathi. Emanzini angakalungiswa nawokucubungula isusa umbuzo wokushintshwa kwe-lining ngisho nalapho ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kushintshashintsha. Emanzini okuqeda umlilo ithangi ligcina isitoreji esingahlala singanyakazi iminyaka: ingaphakathi le-enamel alidingi ukuphindwa ukumbozwa ngezikhathi ezithile okudingwa yithangi elipendwe ukuze lihlale lilungele ukusetshenziswa, futhi igobolondo eliboshiwe lingahlolwa ngokuqaqa iphaneli kunokusika ipuleti. Emanzini angcolile izinga le-pH 1–14 lihlanganisa isigaba se-asidi ngemva kokuxidwa kwe-sulphide kanye nesigaba se-alkaline ngemva kokufakwa komuthi, futhi indawo ebushelelezi imelana ne-biofilm nodaka okwenza ithangi elinomboco libize ukuhlanjululwa. Kuzo zozine izimo indlela yokwandisa iyinzuzo yangempela: izigaba ezengeziwe zeringi ziphakamisa igobolondo, amaphaneli engeziwe andisa indawo, noma kwengezwa ithangi elihambisanayo, ngaphandle kokushintshwa kwezokwakha okudingwa yithangi elishiselwe.
Icala Leprojekthi
Iprojekthi | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Ithangi lamanzi aluhlaza anobubanzi obukhulu | INamibia | Ithangi le-GFS | 44,900 m³ | ukuhlinzeka nokugadwa kokwakhiwa |
Ithangi lamanzi okuphuza | I-Indonesia | Ithangi lamanzi okuphuza le-GFS | 21,099 m³ | ukuhlinzeka nokugadwa kokwakhiwa |
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi okuqhumisa umlilo, amathangi amabili | ISichuan, eChina | Ithangi lamanzi okuqhumisa umlilo le-GFS | 8,930 m³ | ukuhlinzeka nokugadwa kokwakhiwa |
Ikhono Lobunjiniyela be-Center Enamel
UCenter Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isungule futhi yakha amathangi okugcina anezibophezelo kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi ensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi angu-300,000 ahlanganiswe ne-enamel ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe umthamo wokukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, i-WRAS, i-FDA, i-LFGB, i-CE (EN 1090), i-ISO 28765, i-FM, i-BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukuklama kubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Kuthangi lamanzi le-vitreous enamel, lelo khono lisho ukuthi umkhumbi wonke unikezwa njengomsebenzi owodwa: amaphaneli e-enamel ehlanganisiwe anerekhodi lokuhlolwa kwe-spark, ukucaciswa kokuhlangana okuboshiwe kanye ne-gasket, uphahla olulinganiswe nomthwalo womoya neqhwa, kanye nenqubo yokuphinda uqinise futhi uhlole ukuvuza okunikezwa njengengxenye yefayela lokuthunywa.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Ingabe ithangi lamanzi le-vitreous enamel liyafana nethangi lensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi?
A1: Yebo, emikhubeni yesimanje yokugcina izinto ziyimikhiqizo efanayo. I-Vitreous enamel ichaza isembozo esicwebezelayo; i-glass-fused-to-steel ichaza iphaneli eyinhlanganisela ehlanganiswe nayo. Ingqimba yobuso ihlanganiswa ku-820–930 °C ngobukhulu obungu-0.25–0.45 mm futhi ihlolwe nge-spark ku-1500 V DC.
Q2: Ingabe ifanelekile emanzini okuphuza?
A1: Yebo. I-enamel iyindawo engasebenzi ethintana namanzi enemibhalo ye-NSF/ANSI 61 ne-WRAS, ubukhulu obungaphansi kwe-Ra 0.8 µm kanye nempilo yokuklama yeminyaka engu-30 nangaphezulu, ngakho-ke ingaphakathi ayingeni emjikelezweni wokupenda kabusha njengoba kwenza ithangi lensimbi ye-carbon steel eboyiwe.
Q3: Ingabe i-enamel ingaqhephuka noma iqwashuka?
A1: Ukulimala ngomshini endaweni yokuphuma kwamanzi, emnyango womuntu noma ekuthinteni i-forklift kungaqhephula i-enamel futhi kuveze insimbi endaweni encane. Iphaneli iyalungiseka efektri futhi ingashintshwa ngesikhathi sokuvalwa komsebenzi; impendulo efanele ukurekhoda indawo nokuhlela ukulungiswa esikhundleni sokuyishiya emugqeni wamanzi.
Umbuzo 4: Ingabe ithangi le-vitreous enamel liyisitsha sokucindezela?
Impendulo 1: Cha. Ithangi lamanzi lensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi liyisitsha somkhathi noma sokucindezela okuphansi. Uma kusetshenziswa isikhala segesi, ingcindezi yaso igcinwa kumakhilopaskali ambalwa kuphela ngesisetshenziswa sokukhulula; ithangi akumele neze licaciswe noma lisebenze njengesitsha sokucindezela.
Umbuzo 5: Ithangi lenziwa kanjani ukuthi lingavuzi emihlanganweni?
Impendulo 1: Amaphaneli anezimbobo ezibhobozwe efektri ezihlanganiswe ngama-flange ezivalwa ngama-gasket e-EPDM futhi ahlanganiswa ngamabhawodi ezinga le-8.8 ngokwe-torque ecacisiwe. Ngemuva kokugcwaliswa kokuqala nangemuva kobusika bokuqala imihlanganiso ebhawodiwe iphinde i-torque, futhi ithangi eliqediwe lihlolwa ezingeni lokusebenza.
Umbuzo 6: Ingabe umthamo unganyuswa kamuva?
A1: Yebo ethangini eliboshiwe. Amakhosi engeziwe aphakamisa igobolondo, amaphaneli engeziwe andisa indawo, noma kufakwa ithangi elihambisanayo, okugwema ukushintshwa okuphelele komhlaba okudingwa ithangi elishiswelwe losayizi ofanayo.
Ithangi lamanzi eline-vitreous enamel iqokobhe lensimbi eliphethe indawo yengilazi ehlanganiswe nalo ku-820–930 °C, elingasebenzi ngamakhemikhali ku-pH 1–14, elihlolwa nge-spark ku-1500 V DC futhi elilinganiselwe iminyaka engu-30 nangaphezulu, elihlanganiswa njengamaphaneli aboshiwe ukuze amajoyinti akwazi ukuphinde aqiniswe futhi iqokobhe likwazi ukwandiswa. Emanzini okuphuza, amanzi angakalungiswa, amanzi omlilo kanye namanzi angcolile, le nhlanganisela ivamise ukweqa ithangi lensimbi ekhabhoni elipendwe noma elifakwe ingubo ngokwezindleko zokuphila komkhiqizo. Thumela ukuhlaziywa kwamanzi, umthamo kanye nomsebenzi ku-injiniya futhi uzothola ukuhlelwa kwethangi okubhalwe kukho i-enamel, amajoyinti kanye nobubanzi bokuhlolwa kokuvuza.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Thumela i-chemistry yamanzi kanye nebanga le-pH, umthamo odingekayo kanye nomjikelezo womsebenzi, ukuthi kusetshenziswa amanzi okuphuza noma i-reserve yomlilo, imikhawulo yendawo nokuphakama, kanye nezimo zomoya, iqhwa nokubanda endaweni. Sizobuyisela isiphakamiso sethangi le-vitreous enamel elinemininingwane yephaneli, ukuhlangana, uphahla nokuhlolwa kokuvuza, kanye nephakethe lomdwebo nesicaciso sefayela lakho.
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