Iphi Ububanzi Nokuphakama Okufanele Ithangi elingu-20,000 m3: Indlela Yokulinganisa Amathangi Aboshiwe
Kwadalwa ngo 09.09
Yibuphi Ububanzi Nokuphakama Okufanele Ithangi elingu-20,000 m3: Indlela Yokulinganisa Amathangi Aboshiwe
Ithangi elingu-20,000 m³ liyisilinda, ngakho ububanzi nokuphakama kuvela esibonelweni sevolumu efanayo: i-V ilingana no-π phezu kwezine izikhathi ububanzi obuphindwe kabili izikhathi ukuphakama. Ithangi elingu-20,000 m³ linobubanzi obucishe bube ngu-48 m nokuphakama koketshezi okuyi-11 m, noma ububanzi obucishe bube ngu-40 m nokuphakama koketshezi okuyi-16 m, futhi impendulo esebenzayo iyinketho ehambisana nesakhiwo futhi egcina ukuphakanyiswa kwe-crane ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo yesiza. Amaphaneli aboshiwe acishe abe ngu-1.2 m ububanzi, ngakho izilinganiso zokugcina zihlala kuziphindaphindo zamaphaneli, futhi i-300–500 mm ye-freeboard kanye nophahla kanye nomthwalo womoya neqhwa kufanele kuthwalwe phezu kokuphakama koketshezi.
Umenjiniyela wephrojekthi ocelwa ukuba afake u-20,000 m³ esakhiweni ngokuvamile uqala ngespredishithi kanye neshadi likakheshi, futhi lokho kuyisifiso esifanele. Umthamo unqunywa inqubo, kodwa ububanzi nokuphakama kuyizinto eziguquguqukayo ezikhululekile, futhi ukuhlukaniswa phakathi kwazo kuqhuba izindleko zesisekelo, indawo yophahla, ukuziphatha komoya nokuzamazama komhlaba, ukukhethwa kukakheshi endaweni kanye nokuthi ithangi lingandiswa yini kamuva. Ithangi eliboshiwe lenza lokhu kube lula kunelithwelwe, ngoba igobolondo lihlanganiswa ngamaphaneli enziwe efektri; futhi liyakhawulela, ngoba ububanzi bokuphakama kokugcina kufanele kube yiziphindaphindo zamaphaneli kunanoma iyiphi inombolo esetshenziswe yispredishithi. Ngakho-ke ukuthi yibuphi ububanzi nokuphakama okufanele ithangi elingu-20000 m3 kuwumbuzo wesakhiwo nekheshi ngaphambi kokuba kube umbuzo womthamo, futhi ukuhlukaniswa phakathi kwalezi zinto ezimbili eziguquguqukayo kuqhuba izindleko zesisekelo, indawo yophahla kanye nokuthi ithangi lingandiswa yini kamuva.
I-geometry: isibalo esisodwa, okuguquguqukayo okubili
Qala ngevolumu yesilinda bese uvumela isiza ukuthi sikhethe ukuhlukaniswa. Esithanjeni esiyisilinda esime mpo, umthamo ulingana no-π ohlukaniswe ngokuthi kane, kuphindwe ngububanzi obuphindwe kabili, kuphindwe ngobude bamanzi, ngakho ubude bamanzi bulingana nokuphindwe kane kwevolumu ehlukaniswe ngo-π ophindwe ngububanzi obuphindwe kabili. Umsebenzi wama-20,000 m³ ngakho-ke usebenza cishe kanje: kububanzi obungu-40 m ubude bamanzi bungaba ngu-16 m; kububanzi obungu-36 m bungaba ngu-20 m; kububanzi obungu-32 m bungaba ngu-25 m; futhi kububanzi obungu-48 m bungaba ngu-11 m. Umdwebo amaphrojekthi amaningi agcina ewutholile ngakho umthombo obanzi onobubanzi obungu-36–48 m onobude bamanzi obungu-11–20 m, hhayi omncane futhi omude. Izinto ezimbili okufanele zengezwe phezu kobude bamanzi i-freeboard, ngokuvamile engu-300–500 mm noma ngaphezulu ukuze izinga lingakwazi ukuchichima uma kunesikhukhula, kanye nesakhiwo sophahla, okuthi esithanjeni esiboshiwe kube yikhowuni engajulile noma idome ye-aluminium geodesic ebhekiswe ku-AWWA D108 kanye ne-API 650 nemithwalo yomoya neqhwa ethathwe ku-ADM 2015 noma i-ASCE 7-10. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuthi yibuphi ububanzi nokuphakama okufanele ithangi engu-20000 m3 kuxazululwa kule equation eyodwa, futhi impendulo yejometri iyisilinda esibanzi sobubanzi obungu-36–48 m esinobude bamanzi obungu-11–20 m ngaphezu kwe-freeboard.
Ama-multiples amaphaneli: kungani inombolo inyuka
Ithangi eliboshiwe aligcini ngobubanzi obungafanele. Amaphaneli angaba ngu-1.2 m ububanzi, futhi uqweqwe lwakhiwa ngamaphaneli aphelele azungeze indingilizi, ngakho-ke ububanzi obutholakalayo buyisiphindaphindo sobubanzi bephaneli futhi ubude obutholakalayo buyinombolo ephelele yezigaba. Kububanzi obungu-40 m, indingilizi idinga amaphaneli angaba ngu-105 angu-1.2 m; kububanzi obungu-36 m, angaba ngu-95 amaphaneli; futhi ubude bese buhlukaniswa ngobude besigaba, ngakho-ke izinga loketshezi elingu-16 m kumaphaneli angu-1.2 m lingaba izigaba ezingu-13 futhi izinga elingu-24 m lingaba izigaba ezingu-20. Ukuhlolwa komthamo kuphinda kwenziwe ezilinganisweni ezilungisiwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ithangi lisaqhuba ukuhlangabezana no-20,000 m³, futhi umthamo omncane osele ugcinwa njengomkhawulo wokuklama kunokuba uncishiswe ngokusika kabusha amaphaneli. Yingakho futhi ithangi eliboshiwe kulula ukulandisa: ukwengeza isigaba esisodwa samaphaneli kukhuphula ubude ngobude bephaneli, futhi ukwengeza amaphaneli endingilizini kuyenzeka kusistimu efanayo, ngakho-ke umklamo kufanele udwetshwe kucatshangwa nesigaba sokwandisa ngisho noma singathengwanga namuhla. Yibuphi ububanzi nobude obufanele ithangi elingu-20000 m3 ngokwamaphaneli, yilokho okubalwe kububanzi kanye nenombolo ephelele yezigaba ehlala ngaphakathi komkhawulo wekhreni, futhi ukuhlolwa komthamo bese kuphinda kwenziwe kulezo zinombolo ezilungisiwe.
Isisekelo, uphahla nomoya: imikhawulo ebamba ngempela
Ikhetho elide elincane ngokuvamile yilona elilwa nemisebenzi yezakhiwo zomphakathi, hhayi elilwa nevolumu. Ithangi elingamitha angu-32 ububanzi eliphethe ama-20,000 m³ limi cishe ngamamitha angu-25 ukuphakama koketshezi, okubeka indawo enkulu yokuthwala umoya ogobolondweni, kudinga isikelemu eside kanye nokukhethwa kwekhreni, futhi kwandisa ukuphakama kokuphuma kwepompo kanye ne-rack yamapayipi. Ithangi elingamamitha angu-40–48 ububanzi eliphethe ivolumu efanayo linamamitha angu-11–16 uketshezi, okunciphisa ukuphakama kodonga kanye nomthwalo womoya ogobolondweni kodwa kwandisa indawo yophahla, ngakho umthwalo weqhwa nokudonswa kwamanzi ophahleni kuba ukuhlolwa okulawulayo, futhi ithangi limboza ingxenye enkulu yendawo. Lapho indawo ingalingani, ububanzi obukhulu bulula, ngoba isisekelo singaba indandatho eyodwa kakhonkolo noma i-slab ethululwa ngokuthulula okukodwa; lapho indawo inomkhawulo we-geotechnical, ithangi elide elincane lingase lidinge ukugxunyekwa kwama-pile, okuvamise ukushintsha impendulo ngaphezu kwanoma iyiphi impikiswano yokufakwa.
Ukucaciswa Kobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Qaphela |
Umthamo wokuklama | 20,000 m³ | Kanye ne-freeboard kanye nokwehla kwaphansi |
Ububanzi obujwayelekile | 36–48 m | Kuqhutshwa indawo; kuhlala kuma-multiples amaphaneli |
Ukuphakama okujwayelekile koketshezi | 11–20 m | Kukhulu okungajulile noma kukude okuncane |
Ububanzi bephaneli | ~1.2 m | Iphaneli eboshiwe eyenziwe efektri |
Ubukhulu bephaneli | 3–12 mm ngokomklamo | Ukugqwala kubhekwa ngokufaka isembozo, hhayi ngobukhulu |
Isikhala esikhululekile | 300–500 mm nangaphezulu | Imvume yokugcwala nokugwebu |
Uphahla | Ikhoni, noma idome ye-aluminium AWWA D108 / API 650 | Imithwalo ku-ADM 2015 / ASCE 7-10 |
Ukufakwa kwe-enamel | Kuhlangene ku-820–930 °C, 0.25–0.45 mm | Ukuhlolwa kwenhlansi ku-1500 V DC, pH 1–14 |
Ukuqedwa kwangaphakathi | Ra < 0.8 µm | Indawo ehlanzekayo |
Isisekelo | Indandatho kakhonkolo noma isisekelo esiyisicaba esilawulwa ukuhlala phansi | Imininingwane yokubopha ngokomthwalo womoya |
Ukuguqula izinombolo zibe iphrojekthi
Uma i-geometry isixazululiwe, imininingwane inquma ukuthi ithangi kulula ukuyiphatha. Umsebenzi wama-20,000 m³ emanzini ngokuvamile uyithangi lensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi: i-enamel ehlanganiswe ku-820–930 °C, ukujiya kwe-0.25–0.45 mm, ekhokhiswe ngaphezu kwe-3,450 N/cm², ihlolwe nge-spark ku-1500 V DC, ekwazi ukumelana ne-pH 1–14 futhi ekhokhiswe iminyaka engama-30 nangaphezulu, nomhlabathi ongaphansi kwe-Ra engu-0.8 µm. Amajoyinti anama-flange anama-gasket e-EPDM nama-bolts ezinga le-8.8, ukuze uqweqwe lwangaphandle lukwazi ukuphinde luqiniswe futhi kamuva luphakanyiswe noma lunwetshwe, okuyinzuzo esebenzayo uma kuqhathaniswa nethangi elidayiwe ngokushisela kulesi sikhathi. Lapho amanzi anolaka noma indawo iseduze nogu, i-fusion-bonded epoxy lining engu-180–280 µm ngokwe-AWWA C550 ene-salt spray engaphezu kwamahora angu-4000 iyindlela ehlukile, futhi lapho isitifiketi sokuphuzwa simisela ukukhetha, imibhalo ye-NSF/ANSI 61 ne-WRAS iyasebenza ezingxenyeni ezithinta amanzi.
Icala Leprojekthi
Iprojekthi | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Ithangi lamanzi aluhlaza elinobubanzi obukhulu | INamibia | Ithangi le-GFS | 44,900 m³ | ukuhlinzeka nokugadwa kokwakhiwa |
Isitoreji samanzi omlilo, amathangi amabili | ISichuan, eChina | Ithangi lamanzi omlilo le-GFS | 8,930 m³ | ukuhlinzeka nokugadwa kokwakhiwa |
Ithangi lamanzi okuphuzwayo | I-Indonesia | Ithangi lamanzi okuphuzwayo le-GFS | 21,099 m³ | ukuhlinzeka nokugadwa kokwakhiwa |
Ikhono Lobunjiniyela Lokufaka Uqwembe
UCenter Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isungule futhi yakha amathangi okugcina anezibophezelo kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi ensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi angu-300,000 ahlanganiswe ne-enamel ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukukhulisa umthamo wokukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, i-WRAS, i-FDA, i-LFGB, i-CE (EN 1090), i-ISO 28765, i-FM, i-BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukuklama kubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho ukusetshenziswa kudinga khona.
Emsebenzini wama-20,000 m³ lokhu ngokuvamile kusho ithangi elilodwa le-GFS eliboshiwe elinobubanzi nokuphakama okusethwe endaweni, amaphaneli e-quarter-turn ahlelwe ngokwehlukaniso lokuthunyelwa, umdwebo wophahla nesisekelo ohambisana nomthwalo womoya neqhwa, kanye nephakethe lokugadwa kokuboshwa nokuhlolwa kokuvuza kwesiza.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Yibuphi ububanzi nokuphakama okunikeza ngqo ama-20,000 m³?
A1: Inhlanganisela eziningi ziyasebenza. Cishe ububanzi obungu-48 m obunoketshezi olungu-11 m, ububanzi obungu-40 m obunoketshezi olungu-16 m, ububanzi obungu-36 m obunoketshezi olungu-20 m, kanye nobubanzi obungu-32 m obunoketshezi olungu-25 m konke kunikeza cishe u-20,000 m³; ukukhetha kuncike endaweni, ku-crane kanye nesisekelo, futhi inombolo yokugcina ihambisana nobubanzi bephaneli.
Q2: Ingabe kufanele ngibe banzi futhi kungajulile noma kube mude futhi kuncane?
A2: Ukuba banzi nokungajulile kunciphisa ukuphakama kodonga nomthwalo womoya ogobolondweni kodwa kwandisa indawo yophahla, umthwalo weqhwa kanye nendawo esetshenziswayo. Ukuba mude futhi kuncane kunciphisa indawo yendawo kanye nendawo yophahla kodwa kwenyusa umthwalo womoya ogobolondweni kanye nokuphakama kokuthathwa kwe-crane. I-geotechnics yesisekelo ngokuvamile iyona enqumayo.
Q3: Ingakanani imvume yokugcwala engiyidingayo?
A3: Imvume yokugcwala nokugwebu engu-300–500 mm iyindawo evamile yokuqala yensizakalo yamanzi, inyuswa lapho kwakheka ugwebu, lapho izinga lishintshashintsha ngenxa yokujikeleza kwepompo, noma lapho ithangi lizokhuphukelwa emsebenzini ophakeme kamuva.
Umbuzo 4: Ngingaqiniseka ngethangi eliboshiwe?
Impendulo 4: Ukuphakama koketshezi kuyinombolo ephelele yezigaba futhi ububanzi buyinombolo ephelele yamaphaneli azungeze indingilizi, ngakho umthamo olethiwe useduze kodwa awuvamisile ukufana nalokho okuhlosiwe. Dizayina ngomthamo omncane odingekayo bese uvumela amaphaneli akunikeze okunye.
Umbuzo 5: Ingabe ithangi lika-20,000 m³ lingakhuliswa kamuva?
Impendulo 5: Yebo ethangini eliboshiwe. Izigaba ezengeziwe ziphakamisa igobolondo, amaphaneli engeziwe andisa indawo noma ithangi elihambisanayo lingengezwa, okugwema ukushintshwa okuphelele kwezokwakha okudingwa ithangi elishiswelwe losayizi ofanayo.
Umbuzo 6: Ingabe ububanzi obukhulu bushintsha ukwakheka kwesembozo?
A6: Yebo. Indawo yophahla iyona eqondisa umthwalo weqhwa, umthamo wokudonsa amanzi kanye nesakhiwo sophahla, futhi ophahleni lwedome olubhekiswe ku-AWWA D108 kanye ne-API 650 izimo zomthwalo zivela ku-ADM 2015 noma i-ASCE 7-10, ngakho ithangi elibanzi elingajulile kanye nethangi elide elimincane akuzona idizayini yophahla efanayo.
Ithangi elingu-20,000 m³ iyinkinga yejometri eqondile enempendulo ebunjwe indawo: umthamo unquma umkhiqizo wedayamitha nobude, ububanzi bephaneli bunquma izilinganiso zokugcina, indawo kanye ne-crane kunquma ukuhlukaniswa, futhi izimo zomthwalo wesisekelo nophahla ziyakuqinisekisa. Emsebenzini wamanzi namanzi angcolile, igobolondo ngokuvamile liyithangi lensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi eliboshiwe noma ithangi le-epoxy, elikhethwa ngenxa yokuhlangana okuphinde kuqiniswe kanye ne-lining elinganiselwe amashumi eminyaka esikhundleni somjikelezo wokupenda kabusha. Thumela umthamo, imikhawulo yendawo kanye nemithwalo yendawo futhi sizobuyisela idayamitha, ubude kanye nenani lamakhosi kanye nophahla, isisekelo kanye nobubanzi bokuhlolwa kokuvuza.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Thumela umthamo odingekayo, ubukhulu bendawo kanye nomkhawulo wokuphakama, idatha yomoya neqhwa, isimo sokuzamazama komhlaba nesisekelo, amandla we-crane endaweni, kanye nekhemistri yoketshezi. Sizobuyisela isincomo sobubanzi nokuphakama kanye nenani lezifundo namaphaneli, ukuhlolwa komthwalo wophahla nesisekelo, kanye nephakethe yomdwebo nesicaciso sefayela lakho.
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