Yimuphi Umthamo Ongafinyelelwa Amathangi e-Enamel Digester: Ukulinganisa, Ijometri kanye Nokuhlanganiswa Kwenqubo
Kwadalwa ngo 09.09
Yimuphi Umthamo Amathangi e-Enamel Digester Angafinyelela: Ukulinganisa, I-Geometry kanye Nokuhlanganiswa Kwenqubo
Amathangi e-enamel digester anikezwa njengemikhumbi yensimbi ehlanganiswe ngengilazi eboshwe ngamabhawudi futhi ngokuvamile alinganiswa phakathi kwama-cubic metres angu-100 kanye nama-cubic metres angu-20,000 ngomkhumbi ngamunye, kanti amathangi angawodwa anikezwa afinyelela kuma-cubic metres angu-60,000 esewonke. Umthamo ulandela umthwalo nesikhathi sokugcinwa: ukugaywa kwe-mesophilic kwenzeka ku-35–38 °C ngezinsuku ezingama-20–30 zokugcinwa, ngakho-ke umthamo ulingana nomthwalo wansuku zonke wezinto eziqinile eziguqukayo ophindwe ngesikhathi sokugcinwa uhlukaniswe ngezinga lokulayisha. Ububanzi nokuphakama kube sekukhethwa ngokwendawo, ukuxubha kanye nekhava yegesi, kanti uphahla lwe-membrane ezimbili lubamba i-biogas ku-±3–5 kPa ekucindezelweni komkhathi.
Ungqongqoshe wephrojekthi ye-biogas onombuzo womthamo we-digester ngokuvamile uthola impendulo efihliwe ekubalweni kwenqubo hhayi ku-geometry. Umthwalo wansuku zonke we-volatile solids kanye nesikhathi sokugcinwa esidingekayo kunikeza umthamo; indawo, isikhala esiphezulu kanye nokuphathwa kwegesi kunikeza ukuma; futhi ithangi le-digester le-enamel iyisitsha okufanele sibambe kokubili ngaphandle kokuphenduka inkinga yokugqwala yesitshalo. Yimuphi umthamo amathangi e-digester e-enamel angafinyelela kuwo ukhawulelwa yinqubo hhayi isithando: umthwalo wansuku zonke we-volatile solids kanye nesikhathi sokugcinwa kunikeza umthamo, indawo kanye nesikhala esiphezulu kunikeza ukuma, futhi impendulo ihlezi phakathi cishe kuka-100 m³ kanye no-20,000 m³ ngesitsha ngasinye. Buza umhlinzeki ngamunye ngomthamo abake bawakha ngempela oketshezini lwakho ngaphambi kokwamukela noma iyiphi inombolo esikotshweni. Njengoba insizakalo ye-biogas ifaka i-hydrogen sulphide, ukushisa okumanzi kanye nezinga loketshezi elijikelezayo esitsheni esisodwa, umbuzo wokufakwa kwengubo kanye nombuzo wokulinganisa umthamo empeleni uwumbuzo ofanayo, futhi impendulo ngokuvamile iyingubo yensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi enesembozo se-membrane esingangenisi igesi.
Ukuthi umthamo utholakala kanjani ngaphambi kokudwetshwa
Umthamo we-digester iyinombolo yenqubo ngaphambi kokuba ibe inombolo yejometri. Qala kumthwalo wansuku zonke we-volatile solids, uhlukanise nge-organic loading rate ekhethiwe, bese uphindaphinda ngesikhathi sokugcinwa; ukusebenza kwe-mesophilic ku-35–38 °C ngokuvamile kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-20–30 ekulayisheni okujwayelekile, futhi ukudla okune-high-solid kungafinyezwa cishe kube izinsuku eziyi-15–20 ebangeni elifanayo lokushisa. Umkhiqizo we-biogas bese uhlolwa ngokumelene nokulayisha: udaka lukamasipala ngokuvamile lukhiqiza cishe u-0.5–0.6 m³ we-biogas ngekhilogramu ye-volatile solids esusiwe, futhi udaka lwendle lukhiqiza cishe u-0.3–0.5 m³ we-methane ngekhilogramu ye-volatile solids esusiwe, okukutshela ukuthi umthamo we-digester ohleliwe ngempela ufeza yini umgomo wegesi wemboni. Engeza isikhala esikhululekile se-foam ne-scum, isitokwe sodaka phansi, kanye nomthamo wesikhala segesi okalwe ngendlela yokuthi izinga lokukhiqiza igesi lingashintshi ingcindezi yesembozo ngaphezu kwamakhilopaskali ambalwa aklanyelwe, bese umthamo wokuklama ususetwa.
Ububanzi ngokuqhathanisa nokuphakama: ukuthi i-geometry ikunikezani
Uma ivolumu isilungisiwe, ububanzi nobude kuyisinqumo sendawo esinemiphumela yenqubo. Ithangi elibanzi, elingashoni kahle lifanele isitshalo esinomhlaba futhi linikeza indawo yokuxuba kokugeleza kwaseceleni kanye nendawo enkulu yegesi; ithangi elide, elimincane lifanele indawo encane, linciphisa indawo yepulani yesakhiwo nokuphatha, kodwa lidinga i-crane ende kanye nomthwalo omkhulu weqhwa nomoya esembozweni. Ngenxa yokuthi ithangi eliboshiwe lakhiwe ngamaphaneli angaba ngu-1.2 m ububanzi, ububanzi nobude kuhlala kuma-multiples alowo mkhawulo wephaneli, ngakho umthamo wokugcina ngokuvamile uyisinyathelo esisuka enombolweni efanelekile kunokuba kube ukufana okuqondile. I-Center Enamel ihlinzeka ngamathangi angawodwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³, okusho ukuthi imisebenzi eminingi yokugaya ingumkhumbi owodwa kunokuba kube ibhethri; lapho isitshalo sidinga ivolumu enkulu kakhulu noma sifuna ukuhlukaniswa kwethangi ukuze kulungiswe, ama-digester amabili noma ngaphezulu ngokuhambisana kungaba yimpendulo engcono futhi amapayipi kanye namaheda egesi kuyafana noma ngabe yikuphi.
Igobolondo le-enamel emsebenzini we-biogas
I-Hydrogen sulphide iyisizathu esenza ukuthi uphawu lwe-digester lubaluleke kakhulu kunobukhulu bogobolondo lwe-digester. I-digester yensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi ithwala ungqimba lwe-enamel oluhlanganiswe nensimbi ku-820–930 °C, olungu-0.25–0.45 mm ubukhulu, olulinganiselwe ngaphezu kuka-3,450 N/cm², oluhlolwa nge-spark ku-1500 V DC futhi olubekezelela i-pH 1–14, ngakho-ke isigaba se-asidi esakheka lapho i-hydrogen sulphide i-oxidise khona ebusweni boketshezi asilokothi lihlasele isubstrate ngendlela elihlasela ngayo insimbi engenalutho noma ependwe. Ubuso obushelelayo obungaphansi kuka-Ra 0.8 µm bukhawulela futhi ungqimba lwe-scum olwakheka phezulu kwe-digester esebenzayo kanye ne-sludge mat engezansi, okuthinta ngqo ukuthi ithangi kufanele lixutshwe futhi likhishwe kangaki. Izindlela ezimbili zokwehluleka okufanele ziklanyelwe ngokumelene nazo zisekhona ukuhlukaniswa emaphethelweni ahlanganiswe kabi kanye nezimbobo ezincane ezivela ku-holiday elahliwe, futhi zombili zibanjwa ukuhlolwa kwe-spark ye-1500 V DC ngaphambi kokuba iphaneli ithunyelwe. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukuthi amathangi e-enamel digester angafinyelela umthamo ongakanani kuyisibalo senqubo ngaphambi kokuba kube isibalo somkhumbi, futhi kufanele kubhalwe embuzweni ngaphambi kokuba kuxoxwe ngobubanzi.
Ukucaciswa Kobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Qaphela |
Izinga lokushisa lokuncibilikisa i-enamel | 820–930 °C | Ingilazi encibilikiswe ensimbi ngomjikelezo owodwa |
Ubukhulu be-enamel | 0.25–0.45 mm | Ngaphezu kuka-3,450 N/cm² |
Ukuhlolwa kwenhlansi | 1500 V DC | Ukutholwa kwezimbobo ezincane ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa |
Ukumelana ne-pH | 1–14 | Iphatha isigaba se-asidi ngemva kwe-oxidation ye-H₂S |
Ukuqina kwangaphakathi | Ra < 0.8 µm | Kunciphisa ukunamathela kwe-scum ne-sludge |
Ibanga lokusebenza le-mesophilic | 35–38 °C | Izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lokugaya |
Isikhathi sokugcinwa | Izinsuku ezingama-20–30 | Izinsuku eziyi-15–20 ekulayisheni okuphezulu kwe-solids |
I-yield ye-biogas | ~0.5–0.6 m³/kg VS kususiwe | Isisekelo sodaka lwasemadolobheni |
Ingcindezi yesikhala segesi | ±3–5 kPa ngokukhulula nangesibambisi somlilo | Uhlelo lwengcindezi ephansi yomkhathi |
Isembozo | I-dome yezingxenye ezimbili noma ye-aluminium i-AWWA D108 / API 650 | Imithwalo iya ku-ADM 2015 / ASCE 7-10 |
Umthamo wethangi elilodwa | Kufika ku-60,000 m³ | Ngokwakhiwa kwamaphaneli aboshiwe |
Isikhala segesi, isembozo kanye nephakethe lokusingatha igesi
Ikhava iyihadiwe yenqubo, futhi lonke uhlelo lwegesi luhlanganiswa ndawonye. Ikhavha enezinambuzane ezimbili iyisinqumo esivamile phezu kwesidilika: ulwelwesi lwangaphakathi lubamba indawo yegesi ku-2–3 kPa ejwayelekile, ulwelwesi lwangaphandle luthwala isimo sezulu neqhwa, futhi ukuhlanganiswa kukhishwa umoya ngesisetshenziswa sokunciphisa ingcindezi esinesibambisi somlilo emugqeni wegesi ukuze isitshalo sisebenze ngengcindezi yomkhathi kulo lonke. I-hydrogen sulphide ayilimazi i-enamel, kodwa ihlasela imishini engaphansi, ngakho-ke ukususa isulfure — ukufaka i-ferric chloride noma ukususa isulfure okomile — kuyingxenye yomsebenzi ofanayo nesidilika, kanye ne-blower, isibambi noma ipayipi kanye ne-flare noma iyunithi yokushisa elinganiselwe izinga eliphezulu lokukhiqiza. Ukuxuba kungenye into yokuhlanganisa: ukuxuba ngegesi noma ukuxuba ngomshini kugcina ungqimba lwe-scum nesihlabathi kungakheki, futhi izindawo zokuxuba zihlala ngaphakathi komdwebo wethangi, okusho ukuthi kufanele kucaciswe ngaphambi kokukhishwa kwamaphaneli ethangi nezindwangu zokuxhumana.
Icala Lomsebenzi
Iphrojekthi | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Ingxenye yokwelashwa kwe-anaerobic | I-Hebei, e-China | Amathangi e-anaerobic e-GFS | Ingxenye yenqubo ye-anaerobic | ukuhlinzekwa kwamathangi e-anaerobic ngobubanzi be-EPC |
Amathangi emanzini angcolile e-Brewery | I-Sichuan, e-China | Amathangi e-GFS | 14,655 m³ | ukugadwa kokuhlinzekwa nokwakhiwa |
Amathangi okucubungula amanzi angcolile ezimbonini, amayunithi angu-27 | Xinjiang, China | Amathangi e-GFS | Ingqikithi engu-30,469 m³ | ukugadwa kokuhlinzekwa nokwakhiwa |
Ikhono Lobunjiniyela le-Center Enamel
UCenter Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isungule futhi yakha amathangi okugcina anezibophezelo kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi ensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ehlanganiswe ne-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kukhuliswe umthamo wokukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, i-WRAS, i-FDA, i-LFGB, i-CE (EN 1090), i-ISO 28765, i-FM, i-BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukuklama kubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho isicelo sidinga khona.
Okokugaya kwe-anaerobic lokhu kuhlanganisa igobolondo le-digester kanye nomngcele wegesi ndawonye: amaphaneli e-enamel, uphahla lwe-dome olunezendlalelo ezimbili noma lwe-aluminium, ukuhlelwa kwe-pressure relief ne-flame arrestor, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-three-phase separator ne-mixer, kanye nencwadi yokusebenza etshela ithimba ukuthi yini okufanele iphinde iqinise kabusha nokuthi yini okufanele iqaphele endaweni yegesi.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Ingaba yeka ukukhulu ithangi le-enamel digester?
A1: Ama-digester e-glass-fused-to-steel aboshiwe ngokuvamile anikezwa ngobubanzi obusukela kumakhulu ambalwa kuya cishe ku-20,000 m³ umkhumbi ngamunye, futhi amathangi angawodwa anikezwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Amaphrojekthi amaningi adinga umkhumbi owodwa esikhundleni sebhethri; i-digester yesibili ivamise ukwengezwa ukuze kuhlukaniswe futhi kunakekelwe kunokuba kube ngenxa yevolumu.
Q2: Ngibala kanjani ivolumu ye-digester edingekayo?
A2: Hlukanisa umthwalo wansuku zonke we-volatile solids nge-organic loading rate ekhethiwe ukuze uthole ivolumu edingekayo ngosuku lokugcinwa, phindaphinda ngesikhathi sokugcinwa, bese wengeza i-freeboard yegwebu ne-scum kanye ne-inventory yodaka lwangaphansi. Hlola umkhiqizo wegesi ovelayo uma uqhathaniswa ne-yield ecishe ibe ngu-0.5–0.6 m³ we-biogas ngekhilogramu ye-volatile solids esusiwe.
Q3: Yisiphi isikhathi sokugcinwa kanye nezinga lokushisa okufanele ngisisebenzise?
A3: I-mesophilic digestion ku-35–38 °C enokugcinwa kwezinsuku ezingama-20–30 iyiphuzu lokuklama elijwayelekile lodaka lwasemadolobheni nolwezimboni zokudla; okuphakelayo okuqinile kakhulu kungafanelekela izinsuku eziyi-15–20 ezingeni lokushisa elifanayo, futhi ukusebenza kwe-thermophilic ku-50–55 °C kungenye indlela lapho ukushisa kushibhile.
Q4: Ingabe i-digester iyisitsha sokucindezela?
A4: Cha. Iyithangi lomkhathi noma lengcindezi ephansi. I-biogas igcinwa esikhaleni segesi lesembozo ngamakhilopaskali ambalwa kuphela, ngokuvamile ±3–5 kPa, ngedivayisi yokukhulula ingcindezi nesibambisi somlilo; umbozo awumele neze ukucaciswa njengomngcele wengcindezi.
Q5: Umbozo we-digester wakhiwa kanjani?
A5: Ngokuvamile isembozo sezingxenye ezimbili, kanti ulwelwesi lwangaphakathi lusezingeni elilinganiselwe lika-2–3 kPa olubamba igesi kanti ulwelwesi lwangaphandle luthwala isimo sezulu. Lapho kudingeka indawo eqinile yokuhamba, kusetshenziswa i-aluminium geodesic dome ngokwe-AWWA D108 kanye ne-API 650 enemithwalo yomoya neqhwa evela ku-ADM 2015 noma i-ASCE 7-10 esikhundleni salokho.
Q6: Ingabe i-hydrogen sulphide ilimaza i-enamel?
A6: I-enamel iyamelana nayo kulo lonke uhla lwe-pH 1–14, kuhlanganise nesigaba se-asidi esakheka lapho i-hydrogen sulphide i-oxidiseka. I-H₂S kusamele isuswe ngaphambi kokuba igesi ifike kubhayela, enjinini noma ku-flare, ngoba yilapho ihlasela khona imishini engaphansi.
Umthamo wethangi lokugaya eline-enamel unqunywa umthwalo wenqubo nesikhathi sokugcinwa, unikezwa ngububanzi nokuphakama okukhethwe kusuka esakhiweni nasesembozweni, futhi uvikelwa ngokufakwa kwengilazi encibilikisiwe okhipha i-hydrogen sulphide esibalo sokugqwala. Linganisa umthamo kuqala, qinisekisa umkhiqizo wegesi, bese ulungisa i-geometry nokuphathwa kwegesi kusethi yedrowing efanayo. Thumela umthwalo, isikhathi sokugcinwa nomgomo wegesi kunjiniyela futhi uzothola isincomo somthamo ne-geometry kanye nembozo nephakethe yegesi.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Thumela umthamo wakho wokudla, i-COD noma umthwalo wezinto eziqinile eziguquguqukayo, okuqukethwe okuphelele kwezinto eziqinile, isikhathi sokugcinwa esidingekayo kanye nezinga lokushisa, umgomo we-biogas, imikhawulo yendawo kanye nedatha yomoya neqhwa yesizinda. Sizobuyisela isiphakamiso somthamo we-digester kanye ne-geometry kanye nesembozo, ingcindezi yegesi, isihlanganisi kanye nezidingo zokuhlola, kanye namadrowa nephakethe lezincazelo.
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