Yimiphi Imithetho Yokuhlinzeka Ngokuhambisana Noma Ukulandelana Kokusebenza Kwamathangi Okugcina
Kwadalwa ngo 09.09
Yimiphi Imithetho Yokuhlinzeka Ngamathangi Okugcina Amanzi Ngokuhambisana Noma Ngokulandelana
Ukusebenza ngokuhambisana kuxhumanisa amathangi ku-header eyodwa ukuze babelane ngokugeleza ezingeni elifanayo; ukusebenza ngokulandelana kudlulisa ukuphuma kwethangi elilodwa kuye kwelilandelayo ukuze isigaba ngasinye senze ingxenye yomsebenzi. Imithetho icacile: amathangi ahambisanayo adinga ukuphakama kokungena okulinganayo, ukulawulwa kwezinga okungayeki ithangi elilodwa lingenisi, ama-valve okuhlukanisa egatsheni ngalinye kanye ne-valve yokuhlola ukuvimbela ukugeleza emuva; amathangi alandelanayo adinga ukuxhumana kwamahhala ngamandla adonsela phansi, ibhendi yezinga ethangini lokuqala, namaphampu alinganiselwe ukuphakama okuphezulu kakhulu. Khetha ukuhambisana komthamo nokwengeza, ukulandelana komsebenzi wesigaba esihleliwe.
Ungqongqoshe wemboni yezitshalo omi phambi kwendawo yamathangi enezitsha ezintathu kanye nephampu eyodwa unesinqumo esivela ku-P&ID bese kuthi ngokuthula sinqume umthwalo wokulungisa weminyaka eyishumi ezayo. Yimiphi imithetho yokusebenza ngokulingana noma ngokulandelana kwamathangi okugcina? Ilandela inqubo, hhayi umdwebo wamapayipi. Uma amathangi ekhona ukuze agcine okuningi koketshezi olufanayo, ayinto eyodwa ngokulingana ku-header evamile. Uma ekhona ukuze ngalinye lenze ingxenye yomsebenzi — ukulinganisa bese ukwelashwa bese ukucwenga, noma amanzi angahluziwe bese ukuhlunga bese ukusabalalisa — ayinto eyodwa ngokulandelana. Amaphutha ayabikezelwa futhi ayabiza: i-header elinganayo engenayo i-check valve evumela iphampu ukuthi ishayele ithangi elilodwa lome kuyilapho elinye ligcwala, noma uhlelo lokulandelana lapho ibhendi yezinga lethangi lokuqala ingakwazi ukondla elesibili ngokugeleza okuphezulu.
Ukusebenza ngokuhambisana: isihloko esisodwa, izinga elifanayo, ukugeleza okwabiwe
Ukusebenza ngokulinganayo yimpendulo efanele lapho umsebenzi kuwukugcina, futhi umthetho wawo ukulingana kwe-hydraulics. Wonke amathangi asesethini elinganayo kufanele abone izinga elifanayo loketshezi kanye nesimo sokungena esifanayo, ngaphandle kwalokho ukugeleza ngeke kwabelane ngokulinganayo. Lokho kusho ukuthi amagatsha e-inlet header kufanele abe sezingeni elifanayo lokuphakama, amapayipi amagatsha kufanele alinganiswe ngendlela efanayo ukuze ithangi elilodwa lingabi yindlela yokumelana okuphansi, futhi igatsha ngalinye lidinga i-valve yokuhlukanisa ukuze ithangi elilodwa likhishwe emsebenzini ukuze lihlolwe ngaphandle kokukhipha uketshezi ohlelweni. I-check valve egatsheni ngalinye lethangi iyisivikelo esijwayelekile emuva kokugeleza: uma iphampu ima futhi ikholomu egatsheni elilodwa iphakeme, ithangi eliphakeme lizocindezela uketshezi lungene kweliphansi esikhundleni sokuhlala endaweni yalo. Ukulawulwa kwezinga ebhange elilinganayo ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa ithuluzi elilodwa elivamile, futhi amanye amathangi avunyelwe ukuntanta ezingeni elifanayo; ukulawulwa kwezinga okuzimele ethangini ngalinye kudala ukulwa phakathi kwama-loop futhi kuyimbangela evame kakhulu yesethi elinganayo engalokothi izinze. Le yimithetho yokusebenza yokusebenza ngokulinganayo uma kuqhathaniswa nokusebenza ngokulandelana kwamathangi okugcina ensimini, futhi iyashintsha ngokomsebenzi kunokuba ishintshe ngenani lemikhumbi.
Ukusebenza ngokulandelana: umsebenzi wesigaba ngokudluliswa ngamandla adonsela phansi
Ukwenza ngokulandelana kuyimpendulo efanele lapho ithangi ngalinye liyisigaba senqubo kunokuba libe yindawo yokugcina amanzi. Kulayini wokulandelana ithangi lokuqala lamukela umfudlana bese liwudlulisela kwelesibili, njalonjalo, ngakho izinga lamanzi ethangini ngalinye lilawula ukuhamba kwamanzi elingakudlulisela phansi. Ukuxhumana phakathi kwezigaba kufanele kube yindlela ekhululekile, esebenza ngamandla adonsela phansi, evuleke ngokuphelele elinganiselwe umfudlana ophezulu wesikhashana ngokukhululeka okuhle, hhayi umugqa ovimbelayo okufanele umqhubi awulandele. Lapho isigaba sidinga amaphampu kunokuba sidluliselwe ngamandla adonsela phansi, iphampu kufanele ilinganiselwe ukukhweza okubi kakhulu, okuyizinga lethangi eliphansi kakhulu kulayini wokulandelana ngesikhathi sokufunwa okuphezulu, futhi kufanele ibe nokubuyisela komfudlana omncane ukuze indlela evalekile yaphansi ingayisebenzisi ivaliwe. Ithangi eliphakathi kulayini wokulandelana ngokuvamile yilona okungekho muntu owaklama kahle, ngoba unjiniyela ulinganisela amathangi okuqala nelokugcina ngokucophelela bese eshiya eliphakathi ekuhlelweni kwamapayipi.
Ukuhlukanisa, ukusebenza okungafuneki kanye nokufinyelela kokulungisa
Noma ngabe yiluphi uhlelo, amavalvu anquma ukuthi uhlelo lungagcinwa yini. Ithangi ngalinye lidinga ukuhlukaniswa kokungena, ukuhlukaniswa kokuphuma kanye nendlela yokudlula enkulu ngokwanele ukugcina isitshalo sisebenza ngesivinini esincishisiwe lapho lelo thangi lingekho. Emgqeni ohambisanayo, lokhu ngokuvamile kungamavalvu amabili egatsheni anesiqeshana sokuxhuma phakathi kwawo, ukuze igatsha likwazi ukuhlukaniswa futhi amapayipi akhishwe ngaphandle kokumisa iheda. Emgqeni wokulandelana, indlela yokudlula iyona egcina isitshalo siphila ngesikhathi sokungena ethangini; ngaphandle kwayo, ukuphuma kwethangi lokuqala kumisa umgqeni. Lapho amathangi ephethe uketshezi oluyingozi noma olunukayo, indlela yokudlula idinga indaba yokuqukatha futhi, ngoba indlela yokuhlukanisa nokukhipha kufanele iye endaweni engeyona phansi wegumbi lamaphampu. Uma kufundwa ngale ndlela, yimiphi imithetho yokusebenza ngokuhambisana noma ngokulandelana kwamathangi okugcina asetshenziswayo efinyelela ekuhloleni okuthathu: izinga elifanayo, usayizi wegatsha oqhathanisekayo, kanye nevalvu yokuhlola kulo lonke ithangi.
Ukucaciswa Kobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Qaphela |
Ukuphakama kokungena okuhambisanayo | Kulingana kuwo wonke amathangi | Kudingeka ukuze kwabiwe ngokulinganayo |
Ukulinganisa amapayipi amagatsha | Kuyaqhathaniseka kuwo wonke amagatsha | Kuvimbela ukuthi ithangi elilodwa lithathe konke |
Ukuvikelwa kokuhlehla kwamanzi | I-valve yokuhlola ngegatsha ngalinye | Ivimbela ukugeleza okuphambanayo phakathi kwamathangi |
Ukuhlukanisa | I-valve yokungena nokuphuma ithangi ngalinye | Ukuze kuhlolwe ngaphandle kokukhipha amanzi wonke |
Indlela yokudlula | Ilinganiselwe ukwehla komthamo wokugeleza | Igcina isitshalo sisebenza ngesikhathi sokungena ethangini |
Ukudluliswa kochungechunge | Indlela yamahhala yamandla adonsela phansi, ilinganiselwe ukugeleza okuphezulu | Ngokukhululeka okuhle |
Ukuphakama kwepompo yochungechunge | Izinga eliphansi kakhulu lethangi esimweni esibi kakhulu | Isidingo sokucindezela okusalayo |
Ukulawula izinga | One common instrument per bank | Gwema ukulwa kwama-loop |
Uhlobo lwethangi | I-GFS eboshiwe noma i-epoxy, yomoya | Akuhona uhlelo lokucindezela |
Okuhlanganyelwe | Okufakwe nge-flange, i-EPDM gasket, amabhawudi ezinga le-8.8 | Kungenziwa kabusha ngesikhathi sokuphuma |
Ukukhetha phakathi kwalokhu okubili kuphrojekthi yangempela
Ukuhlolwa kulula: ingabe ithangi lesibili liphethe uketshezi olufanayo esimweni esihlukile, noma uketshezi oluhlukile esimweni esifanayo? Uma liphethe uketshezi olufanayo ukuze kutholakale umthamo owengeziwe noma ukungafuneki, ukuhambisana kuyilungile futhi umzamo wokuklama uya ekhanda kanye nokulawulwa kwezinga. Uma liphethe uketshezi esimweni esihlukile — ngemva kokuncishiswa, ngemva kokwelashwa kwebhayoloji, ngemva kokuhlungwa — ukulandelana kuyilungile futhi umzamo wokuklama uya ezindaweni zokuphakama zokudlulisela kanye namabhendi ezinga eliphakathi nendawo. Kunesimo sesithathu izinhlelo eziningi ezikudingayo: iqoqo elihambisanayo lamathangi afanayo elihambisa uhlelo olulandelanayo, okuvamile lapho umthamo omkhulu wokulinganisa uhlukaniswa waba izingitsha ezimbili noma ezintathu ngenxa yezizathu zendawo kodwa inqubo elandelayo ilindele ukudluliselwa okuhleliwe. Leyo nhlanganisela iyasebenza uma iqoqo elihambisanayo likhiphela ekhanda elivamile elihambisa ithangi lokuqala loluhlu, futhi iyahluleka uma iqoqo kanye nohlelo kwabelana ngekhanda elilodwa ngaphandle kwevalvu yokulawula phakathi kwabo.
Icala Leprojekthi
Iprojekthi | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Ithangi lamanzi aluhlaza | INamibia | Ithangi le-GFS | 44,900 m³ | ukuhlinzeka nokugadwa kokwakhiwa |
Isitoreji samanzi omlilo, amathangi amabili | ISichuan, eChina | Ithangi lamanzi omlilo le-GFS | 8,930 m³ | ukuhlinzeka nokugadwa kokwakhiwa |
Amathangi amanzi okuphuza | IMalaysia | Amathangi amanzi okuphuza e-GFS | 20,380 m³ | ukuhlinzeka kanye nokuqondisa ukwakhiwa |
Ikhono Lobunjiniyela Le-Center Enamel
UCenter Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isungule futhi yakha amathangi okugcina anezibophezelo kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi ensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi angu-300,000 ahlanganiswe ne-enamel ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kuka-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe umthamo wokukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, i-WRAS, i-FDA, i-LFGB, i-CE (EN 1090), i-ISO 28765, i-FM, i-BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukuklama kubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo lokusetshenziswa ludinga khona.
Kumasistimu anamathangi amaningi lokhu kusho ukuhlinzeka umndeni wamathangi ngama-nozzle afanayo, ukuphakama kanye nezinhlelo zokungena, ukuze i-header ehambisanayo kanye nokudluliswa kochungechunge kufike emidwebeni ehambisana nogobolondo lwethangi esikhundleni sokuxazululwa ensimini.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Kunini lapho amathangi kufanele asetshenziswe ngokuhambisana?
A1: Lapho begcina uketshezi olufanayo ukuze bathole umthamo, ukungafuneki noma ukutholakala okuhleliwe. Ukuhambisana kuyimpendulo ejwayelekile yamanzi omlilo, amanzi aluhlaza kanye namasethi okulinganisa, futhi imithetho yokuklama iwukuphakama okulinganayo kokungena, usayizi wamagatsha oqhathanisekayo, i-valve yokuhlukanisa kanye ne-valve yokuhlola egatsheni ngalinye.
Q2: Kunini lapho amathangi kufanele abe ochungechungeni?
A2: Lapho isitsha ngasinye senza isigaba senqubo, njengokulinganisa bese kuba ukwelashwa kwebhayoloji bese kuba ukupholisha. Izitimela zochungechunge zidlulisa uketshezi isuka kwelinye ithangi kuya kwelilandelayo, ngakho-ke amabhendi asezingeni eliphakathi nendawo kanye nokuphakama kokudluliselwa kwamandla adonsela phansi yizinto ezilawulayo zokuklama.
Q3: Ngidinga i-valve yokuhlola egatsheni ngalinye lethangi elihambisanayo?
A3: Yebo ezimweni eziningi. Ngaphandle kwayo, ithangi elinezinga eliphakeme loketshezi lizocindezela ukugeleza libuyele ethangini eliphansi lapho ipompo ima, lokho okubonakala njengenkinga yokulawula izinga kodwa okuyinkinga yamapayipi.
Q4: Mangaki amathangi okufanele asebenze ngokulingana?
A4: Amaningi ngokwesidingo sohlelo lokulungisa nangokuvumela kwesakhiwo. Amabili akunika amandla okuhlola elilodwa ngenkathi elinye lisebenza; amathathu engeza isikhathi sesithathu sokuvalwa kodwa engeza igatsha lesithathu kanye nokulawula izinga okuyinkimbinkimbi.
Q5: Ingabe ithangi eliboshiwe lingasetshenziswa kunoma yiluphi uhlelo?
A5: Yebo. Amathangi ensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi eboshiwe kanye ne-epoxy yimikhumbi yomoya efanele kokubili amaqoqo alinganayo nezitimela zochungechunge; uhlobo lwethangi alushintshi imithetho yamapayipi, kodwa igobolondo eliboshiwe lingaphakanyiswa noma landiswe kamuva, okufanele iqoqo elilinganayo elikhula ngokwesidingo.
Q6: Yini ebangela ukuthi iqoqo lamathangi alinganayo linyakaze?
A6: Ukulawulwa kwezinga elizimele kuthangi ngalinye, noma igatsha elikhulu kakhulu kunamanye ukuze ithangi elilodwa lithathe iningi lokugeleza. Ithuluzi elilodwa elivamile lezinga lebhange kanye nosayizi wegatsha ofanayo yisixazululo esivamile.
Ukusebenza ngokuhambisana noma ngokulandelana kulandela inqubo, hhayi umkhuba: uketshezi olufanayo kanye nesidingo somthamo noma ukungafuneki kukhombisa ukuhambisana, umsebenzi wenqubo enezigaba kukhombisa ukulandelana, futhi imininingwane yokuklama iyivalvu yokuhlola egatsheni ngalinye, ithuluzi lezinga elivamile, ukuhlukanisa kanye nendlela yokudlula kuthangi ngalinye. Yenza lezo zine zibe ngcono futhi ipulazi lamathangi lizosebenza ngokuthula amashumi eminyaka. Thumela umdwebo wakho wokugeleza kanye nesethi yamathangi futhi sizobuyekeza ukuhlelwa futhi sibuyisele amanothi okuxhumana kwamapayipi nokulawula izinga kanye nobubanzi bamathangi.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Thumela umdwebo wakho wokugeleza kwenqubo, inani nosayizi wamathangi, umsebenzi wepompo nekhanda, ukuthi amathangi aphethe uketshezi olufanayo noma oluhlukene, kanye nokufinyelela kokulungisa okudingekayo. Sizobuyekeza ukuhlelwa okuhambisanayo nokulandelanayo, sikhombise izingozi zamapayipi nokuhlukanisa, futhi sibuyisele ububanzi bethangi ne-nozzle efayeleni lakho.
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