Umhlinzeki Wamathangi Okugcina Amanzi: Okufanele Abathengi Bonjiniya Bakubheke Kumhlinzeki
Kwadalwa ngo 09.04
Umthumeli Wamathangi Okugcina Amanzi: Yini Abathengi Bezobunjiniyela Okufanele Bayihlole Kumhlinzeki
Ukuhlola umthengisi wamathangi okugcina amanzi kumayelana nobufakazi, hhayi izethembiso. Funa izinga lokushisa lokuhlangana koqweqwe lwe-enamel, ukujiya kwesendlalelo, ukuhlolwa kwe-spark ye-1500 V DC kanye nenani le-Ra ngokubhaliwe, kanye nezinga lohlelo lokuqokwa kanye nokujiya kwefilimu yamathangi e-epoxy, isitifiketi samanzi okuphuza emsebenzini wokuphuza, kanye nephakethe lamadrowa elibonisa ukuhlelwa kwamaphaneli, i-gasket yokuhlanganisa, isisekelo, uphahla kanye nohlu lwezindawo zokungena. Qinisekisa ukupakishwa kokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, ukuhlukaniswa kokuthunyelwa ngomkhumbi noma ngesitsha, nokuthi umhlinzeki uthumela yini ukuqondisa kwensimu ekuhlanganiseni ngamabhawudi nasekuhlolweni kokuvuza.
Umenenja wokuthenga emkhakheni wamanzi noma inkampani ye-EPC enenkontileka yesitshalo phesheya inohlu lwabahlinzeki abakhethiwe kanye nosuku lokubuyisela amabhidi, futhi umehluko phakathi kwezilinganiso uvamise ukuba mncane emaphepheni kodwa ube mkhulu ekusebenzeni. Ukuqhathanisa intengo yokucela kufihla izinto ezinquma izindleko zangempela: ukujiya kwephaneli kanye nekhwalithi ye-enamel, ukuthi i-gasket yokuxhuma icacisiwe yini ngokwempahla nezinga, ukuthi imidwebo ifika ngesimo esamukelwa yisiphathimandla sendawo, ukuthi amaphaneli apakishwa kanjani ohambweni olude lwasolwandle, nokuthi ukhona yini umuntu ovela efektri lapho kwenzeka ukuboshwa ngamabhawodi nokuhlolwa kokuvuza. Lezi yizinto ezihlukanisa ithangi elingalethwa kulelo eselivele lifakiwe.
Cela ubufakazi bokukhiqiza ngokubhaliwe
Izimangalo zobuchwepheshe ezikubhrosha kufanele zisekelwe idatha yefektri ngokwayo kanye namarekhodi okuhlolwa. Ethangini lensimbi ehlanganiswe ngengilazi, umthumeli kufanele asho ibanga lokushisa lokuhlangana kwe-enamel elingu-820–930 °C, ukujiya kwengqimba ye-enamel okungu-0.25–0.45 mm, amandla e-enamel akaliwe angaphezu kuka-3,450 N/cm², ukuhlolwa kwe-spark ye-1500 V DC okusetshenziswa kumaphaneli ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa, ukuqina kwangaphakathi okungaphansi kwe-Ra 0.8 µm kanye nempilo yokuklanywa yeminyaka engu-30 nangaphezulu. Ethangini le-epoxy ehlanganiswe ngokuncibilika, umthumeli kufanele asho uhlelo lwempushana, ukujiya kwefilimu okungu-180–280 µm, ireferensi ye-AWWA C550 kanye nomphumela wokufafazwa kwetshezi olunosawoti ongaphezu kwamahora angu-4000. Emathangini e-galvanised, ireferensi kufanele ibe yi-HDG ku-GB/T 13912-2020, futhi emathangini e-stainless izinga kufanele lishiwowe njengu-304 noma 316L kanye nesisekelo se-chloride sokukhetha. Noma yimuphi umhlinzeki ongakwazi ukukhiqiza lezi zinombolo njengomugqa wencazelo yobuchwepheshe ukutshela ukuthi ithangi lizokwenziwa kanjani.
Izitifiketi ezibalulekile emanzini
Ngokomsebenzi wamanzi, ukugunyazwa akusona isihlobiso; kuwumugqa wokudlula noma wokwehluleka emsotsheni kanye nasekwamukelweni kosizo lwamandla. Amathangi okudla okunamanzi adinga imibhalo ye-NSF/ANSI 61 ne-WRAS ezintweni ezithinta amanzi; amanzi ezimboni nawomlilo angase adinge i-CE (EN 1090) yensimbi yesakhiwo, i-ISO 28765 yokulawulwa kokukhiqizwa kwasefektri kanye ne-FM yokugcinwa kwamanzi omlilo lapho isiphathimandla sikudinga; umsebenzi wokuthinta ukudla neziphuzo wengeza i-FDA ne-LFGB. Ukuphathwa kwefektri kufanele kube yi-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001. Izinkomba zokuklama kufanele zishiwo ngokucacile, ngokuvamile i-AWWA D103-09, i-AWWA C550 ne-AWWA D108 yokuklama ithangi, ukumboza, nophahla lwedome ngokulandelana, nemithwalo yomoya neqhwa ku-ADM 2015 noma i-ASCE 7-10 lapho kunikezwa idome, nezinkomba ze-NFPA lapho ukugcinwa kwamanzi omlilo kusemkhakheni.
Iphakethe lamadrowings kanye nokulethwa kwemibhalo
Umdidiyeli onekhono uthumela isethi ephelele yamadokhumenti, hhayi nje umdwebo. Uhlu oluyisisekelo kufanele lufake ukuhlelwa okujwayelekile okunobubanzi, ukuphakama, umthamo kanye ne-freeboard, ukuhlelwa kwamaphaneli okunezinombolo zamaphaneli nezindawo zokuhlanganisa, umdwebo wesisekelo onobukhulu be-ring-beam nemininingwane ye-anchor, uhlu lwama-nozzle nokungena, imininingwane yophahla nesembozo okufaka i-vent, i-overflow nokufinyelela, ukucaciswa kwe-gasket namabhawodi, kanye nenqubo yokuhlola ukuvuza nokuhlola. Eceleni kwalokho, cela isitifiketi se-mill sensimbi, irekhodi le-enamel noma le-coating batch, ilogi yokuhlola i-spark, amanani e-torque yamabhawodi, incwadi yokusebenza nokunakekela enesikhathi sokuphinda ku-torque, kanye nohlu lokupakisha nezimpawu ezihambisana namadokhumenti okuthumela. Uma iphrojekthi idinga ukubuyekezwa kwabaphathi bendawo noma inhlangano yangaphandle, qinisekisa kusenesikhathi ukuthi iphakethe lomhlinzeki lingafakwa ngalelo fomethi.
Ukupakisha kokuthekelisa, ukuhlukaniswa kokuthunyelwa kanye nokuhlelwa kwendawo
Okwethangi eliboshwe ngamabhawudi, uhlelo lokupakisha luyinto yobunjiniyela edingekayo, ngoba iphaneli elimele ngesikhathi sokuthutha liba ukulungiswa kwensimu. Amaphaneli ngokuvamile aboshwa futhi aboshwe ngamabhande kumaphalethi ensimbi noma kusitsha, kuvikelwe ubuso be-enamel futhi amabhondi ahlelwe ngendlela yokuthi ukuboshwa ngamabhawudi kuqale endaweni ephansi, futhi izingxenye ezincane — amabhawudi, ama-gasket nezingxenye zokuxhuma — zivalwa futhi zimakwe ngokuhambisana nohlu lwezinto ezidingekayo olufanayo nezinombolo zamaphaneli. Ithangi elingu-44,900 m³ lithunyelwa njengamabhondi amaningi, ngakho-ke ukuhlukaniswa kokuthunyelwa kufanele kuhlelwe ngokuhambisana nomzila womkhumbi, umthamo wekreni yokwehlisa emchibini wokufika, kanye nendawo yokubeka impahla esizeni; isiza esinendawo encane yokugcina sizothola impahla ngezigaba, okufanele ukulandelana kokumiswa kuhloniphe. Qinisekisa ukuthi ubani owenza ukwehlisa, ubani onesibopho sokulimala kwamaphaneli ngesikhathi sokuthutha, nokuthi yiziphi izingxenye zokushintsha umhlinzeki azifakayo.
Incazelo yezobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Qaphela |
Izinga lokushisa lokuncibilika kwe-enamel | 820–930 °C | Kuzokhulunywa kudatha yeshethi yomhlinzeki |
Ubukhulu be-enamel | 0.25–0.45 mm | Ngaphezu kuka-3,450 N/cm² olinganiselwe |
Ukuhlolwa kwenhlansi | 1500 V DC | Iphaneli ngayinye ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa |
Ubulukhuni bangaphakathi | Ra < 0.8 µm | Indawo yokuphuza nokudla okuxhumana nayo |
Ukumelana ne-pH | 1–14 | Ukubekezelela amakhemikhali |
I-FBE coating | 180–280 µm | AWWA C550, salt spray > 4000 h |
I-Galvanising | I-HDG iya ku-GB/T 13912-2020 | Amanzi ahlanzekile kanye ne-dry bulk |
Amabhawudi kanye ne-gasket | Amabhawudi ezinga le-8.8, i-EPDM gasket | I-Flanged joint, ebhobozwe efektri |
Uphahla | I-Aluminium dome AWWA D108 / API 650 | Imithwalo ADM 2015 / ASCE 7-10 |
Isikhathi sokuphila komklamo | Iminyaka engama-30 nangaphezulu | Igobolondo le-enamel |
Indlela i-Center Enamel esebenza ngayo kumaphrojekthi okuthekelisa
Ngephrojekthi yokugcina amanzi phesheya kwezilwandle, umthamo wokuhlinzeka kufanele uhlelwe ukuze ithangi likwazi ukuqinisekiswa efektri futhi liqondiswe endaweni. I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isungule futhi yakha amathangi okugcina aboshiwe kusukela ngo-2008 futhi ihlinzeka emazweni angaphezu kwe-100, inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, cishe amapuleti ensimbi e-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka kanye namaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kwe-30,000, akhiqizwa endaweni yokukhiqiza engu-150,000 m² namathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Empeleni, umthamo wokuthumela ngaphandle esiwubuyiselayo uhlanganisa idatha yedatha ye-enamel neyokumboza, incazelo yephaneli nokuhlanganisa namavelu e-torque, imidwebo yesisekelo nophahla, uhlu lokupakisha nezimpawu ezine-span nokulandelana kwebundle, kanye nokuqondisa endaweni kokuboshwa nokuhlolwa kokuvuza ezingeni lokuklama.
Icala lomsebenzi
Iphrojekthi | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Ithangi lamanzi aluhlaza elinobubanzi obukhulu | INamibia | Ithangi le-GFS | 44,900 m³ | ukuhlinzeka nokugadwa kokwakhiwa |
Ithangi lamanzi okuphuza | I-Indonesia | Ithangi lamanzi okuphuza le-GFS | 21,099 m³ | ukuhlinzeka nokugadwa kokwakhiwa |
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi okuqeda umlilo, amathangi amabili | I-Sichuan, e-China | Ithangi lamanzi omlilo le-GFS | 8,930 m³ | ukuhlinzeka nokugadwa kokwakhiwa |
Amandla Obunjiniyela be-Center Enamel
UCenter Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isungule futhi yakha amathangi okugcina anezibophezelo kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi ensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi angu-300,000 ahlanganiswe ne-enamel ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kuka-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe umthamo wokukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, i-WRAS, i-FDA, i-LFGB, i-CE (EN 1090), i-ISO 28765, i-FM, i-BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukuklama kubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho isicelo sidinga khona.
Leyo yisisekelo sobufakazi umthengi waphesheya okufanele abone kumbuzo wethangi lamanzi: umthamo wokukhiqiza, isitifiketi, izinkomba zedizayini kanye nephakethe yamadokhumenti enganikezwa unjiniyela womnikazi ngaphandle kwezikhala zokuhumusha.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Yimaphi amadokhumenti okufanele umthengisi wethangi lamanzi anikeze wona ngaphambi kwenkontileka?
A1: Ukuhlelwa okujwayelekile nokuhlelwa kwamaphaneli, imidwebo yesisekelo nophahla, uhlu lwama-nozzle nokungena, ishidi ledatha lezinto zokwakha nokugqoka, isitifiketi se-mill, irekhodi lokuhlolwa kwe-spark, amanani e-torque yamabhawudi, uhlu lokupakisha, incwadi yokusebenza nokunakekela, kanye nenqubo yokuhlola ukuvuza nokuhlola.
Q2: Ikhwalithi ye-enamel iqinisekiswa kanjani kusuka efektri?
A2: Amaphaneli ahlolwa nge-spark ku-1500 V DC ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa, ukujiya kwengqimba ye-enamel kusesigabeni esingu-0.25–0.45 mm, futhi iwindi lokushisa lokuhlangana lingu-820–930 °C; cela irekhodi leqembu kanye nelogi yokuhlola esikhundleni sesitatimende sebhrosha.
Q3: Yisiphi isitifiketi engisidingayo sethangi lamanzi okuphuza?
A3: I-NSF/ANSI 61 ne-WRAS yezinto ezithinta amanzi, kanye ne-CE (EN 1090) ne-ISO 28765 yokuhlinzeka kwesakhiwo nokulawula efektri, kanye ne-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001 yohlelo lwekhwalithi nokuphepha kokukhiqiza.
Umbuzo 4: Ingabe umthumeli uhlinzeka ngomklamo wesisekelo?
Impendulo 4: Umhlinzeki onekhono unikeza idatha yomthwalo, ubukhulu be-ring-beam kanye ne-anchor emdwebeni wesisekelo kanye nokulindelwa kokuzinza, kodwa umklamo we-civil ngokuvamile wenziwa unjiniyela wendawo; kokubili kufanele kuvumelaniswe ngaphambi kokuthi kuthululwe ukhonkolo.
Umbuzo 5: Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukulethwa kwethangi lamanzi elikhulu?
Impendulo 5: Ukukhiqizwa kuhlelwa kusukela emidwebeni egunyaziwe kanye nenani lamaphaneli, bese kulandela ukupakishwa nokuthunyelwa okuhlukaniswa phakathi kwemijikelezo yemikhumbi noma amakhonteyina; qinisekisa usuku lokuqala kokukhiqizwa ngokuhambisana nokulungela kwesiza sakho, ngoba ithimba lokwakha kanye nokuphulukiswa kwesisekelo ngokuvamile kuyindlela ebucayi.
Umbuzo 6: Ingabe ukugadwa kwendawo kufakiwe?
A6: Kufanele kushiwo ngokucacile. Ukuqiniswa kwebhawodi nokuhlolwa kokuvuza yizikhathi ezimbili lapho ithangi lihlangabezana nokucaciswa noma lingahlangabezani, ngakho-ke ububanzi kufanele buchaze ukuthi ubani oqondisa i-torque ehlangene, ukuhlala kwe-gasket nokuhlolwa kokugcina kwezinga, nokuthi iyini inqubo ye-punch list.
Umthumeli wamathangi okugcina amanzi kufanele ahlolwe ngemigqa yokucaciswa angayivikela, imidwebo namarekhodi okuhlolwa angayikhipha, uhlelo lokupakisha angalumela kulo kanye nokuqondisa akubeka esizeni. Intengo nge-cubic metre iyinto yokugcina ukuyiqhathanisa futhi iyinto yokuqala ukulahlekelwa imali kuyo. Thumela umsebenzi wakho, umthamo kanye nendawo oya kuyo futhi umthumeli uzobuyisela isilinganiso esinobubanzi nemininingwane yobuchwepheshe enamathiselwe.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Thumela ukuhlaziywa kwakho kwamanzi, umthamo odingekayo nomsebenzi, ichweba lendawo oya kuyo nemikhawulo yokufinyelela endaweni, izinga elisebenzayo noma imfuneko yesiphathimandla, kanye nohlelo lwakho lwephrojekthi. Sizobuyisela isiphakamiso sethangi lamanzi esinombuso kanye nedatha yezobuchwepheshe, uhlu lwamaphakethe emidwebo, uhlelo lokupakisha nokuthumela, kanye nobubanzi bokugadwa kwensimu yefayela lakho lethenda.
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