Ithangi Lokugcina Amanzi: Izinhlobo, Izinto Zokwakha Nokulinganisa Komthamo Wokusebenza Kwezimboni Nokukamasipala
Kwadalwa ngo 09.04
Ithangi Lokugcina Amanzi: Izinhlobo, Izinto Zokwakha Nokulinganisa Komsebenzi Wezimboni Nokamasipala
Ithangi lokugcina amanzi likhethwa ngokusezingeni lamanzi kuqala: amanzi aphuzwayo namanzi angakalungiswa adinga isembozo esingeke sikhiphe into emanzini okuhlinzeka, amanzi okuqeda umlilo adinga umthamo oqinisekisiwe ngokumelene nesidingo sezifutho, kanti amanzi okucubungula noma okupholisa adinga isembozo esizinzile ngokumelene nama-chloride. Amathangi ensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi ahlanganisa ungqimba lwe-enamel ku-820–930 °C, ubukhulu obungu-0.25–0.45 mm, ahlolwa nge-spark ku-1500 V DC futhi agcina i-pH 1–14 impilo yeminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30 nge-Ra engaphansi kuka-0.8 µm; i-FBE epoxy ku-180–280 µm ngokwe-AWWA C550 ilingana namanzi ezimboni anolaka; i-HDG ne-stainless steel kukhava amacala asele anolaka oluphansi kanye nama-chlorium aphezulu.
Umenjiniya wezinsiza noma wezikhungo ezibhala incazelo yethangi lokugcina amanzi ngokuvamile usebenza ngokumelene nemikhawulo emibili ngesikhathi esisodwa: inombolo yomthamo edingwa inqubo kanye nesabelomali esinaso iphrojekthi. Okwenza incazelo ibe nzima ukuthi amanzi awukona uketshezi olulodwa. Amanzi aphuzwayo afuna isembozo esinesitifiketi samanzi okuphuza kanye nendawo engeke ikhulise i-biofilm; amanzi angahlanjululwanga kanye namanzi enqubo kungenzeka abe nama-chloride ahlasela insimbi ye-carbon; amanzi omlilo ahlala engenzi lutho iminyaka bese kufanele alethwe ngokushesha, okuyindlela ehlukile futhi yokwehluleka. Ukukhethwa kwethangi kufanele kuqale ngamakhemikhali amanzi kanye nomjikelezo womsebenzi, bese kusuka lapho kuya kububanzi, isembozo, isisekelo kanye nokuhlolwa.
Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali amanzi kunquma indwangu yangaphakathi
Isendlalelo sinquma ukuthi ithangi liyimpahla yeminyaka engamashumi amathathu noma umjikelezo wokugcoba kabusha. Ithangi lensimbi eligcotshwe ngengilazi lihlanganisa ingilazi nensimbi ku-820–930 °C, lakhe ungqimba lwe-enamel olungu-0.25–0.45 mm ubukhulu olulinganiswa ngaphezu kuka-3,450 N/cm², luhlola iphaneli ngayinye nge-spark ku-1500 V DC, ligcina ingaphakathi liku-Ra ngaphansi kuka-0.8 µm futhi libekezelela i-pH 1–14; emsebenzini wamanzi okuphuza i-enamel ayisebenzi futhi imibhalo ye-NSF/ANSI 61 ne-WRAS iyasebenza ezingxenyeni ezithinta amanzi. Ithangi le-epoxy elihlanganiswe ngokuncibilika lifaka i-powder ku-180–280 µm, ngokusho kwe-AWWA C550, ngokusebenza kwe-salt spray ngaphezu kwamahora angu-4000, okuyimpendulo evamile yamanzi ezimboni anolaka, imifudlana yenqubo ene-asidi noma i-alkaline nezindawo zasogwini. Ukugalvanisa nge-hot-dip ngokwe-GB/T 13912-2020 kunikeza ukuvikelwa kwe-sacrificial ngamanzi ahlanzekile kanye ne-dry bulk kodwa akumele kusetshenziswe emanzini ane-asidi noma i-alkaline kakhulu noma ekuthintaneni nokudla. I-Stainless 304 noma 316L ihlanganisa imisebenzi yokuhlanzeka okuphezulu kanye ne-chloride ephezulu, kanti i-316L ikhethwa lapho kukhona i-chloride nesulfure.
Ukulinganisa: isidingo, ukugeleza komlilo nebhendi yezinga
Umthamo kufanele ufakazelwe ngokumelene nesimo esibi kakhulu sokudinga, hhayi usuku olujwayelekile. Ethangini lamanzi aphuzwayo noma angahlanjululwanga, usayizi usuka ekudonsweni okuphezulu kanye nendawo egciniwe yomlilo lapho imfuneko yomlilo isebenza khona, futhi gcina ibhendi yezinga eliphansi engalokothi iveze ibhendi ehlangene ngaphezu kwebanga elijwayelekile lokusebenza. Emanzini omlilo, umthamo utholakala ngokuxinanisa kwesifutho esisetshenziswayo siphindwe ngendawo evikelwe kanye nesikhathi esidingekayo, kanti i-NFPA 22 ne-NFPA 20 ziyizinkomba ezijwayelekile zokugcina kanye nephampu; ithangi kufanele libe seliletha lokho kugeleza ngengcindezi esele edingwa yiphampu, yingakho amathangi amanzi omlilo evame ukugcinwa ezingeni eliphezulu kunamathangi enqubo futhi abe nemininingwane ekhethekile yokugovuza noma yokujikeleza ukuze kuvinjwe amanzi ukuthi angami. Uma umthamo usunqunyiwe, ukuhlukaniswa kobubanzi nokuphakama kuyisinqumo somsebenzi wokwakha nesizinda, futhi ithangi eliboshiwe lingaphakanyiswa ngemigqa eyengeziwe yamaringi noma linwetshwe ngamaphaneli lapho isidingo sikhula.
Izivalo, ukuphuphuma nomngcele womkhathi
Ithangi lamanzi iwumkhumbi osemoyeni, futhi imininingwane yophahla yilapho ukungcola kuvame ukungena khona. Uphahla lwethangi oluboshiwe lungaba yikhoni engajulile, idome ye-aluminium geodesic ebhekiswe ku-AWWA D108 kanye ne-API 650 enemithwalo yomoya neqhwa evela ku-ADM 2015 noma i-ASCE 7-10, noma isembozo sesimo sezulu phezu kwegobolondo elivulekile; okubalulekile ukuthi isivalo sophahla, isihluzo sokuchichima kanye nendawo yokuphefumula komoya kuklanywe njengohlelo olulodwa ukuze izinyoni, izinambuzane nemfucumfucu kungakwazi ukufinyelela emanzini nokuthi ithangi lingakwazi ukuphefumula ngendawo yokuphefumula evaliwe. Ukuchichima kufanele kukalwe ngokwengena kokuphezulu nge-freeboard enhle, futhi indawo yokuphefumula komoya kufanele ikalwe ngokwesilinganiso esiphezulu sokugcwalisa nokunciphisa ukuze kugwenywe i-vacuum engaphelele engase igobe uphahla olulula noma ingcindezi enhle ephusha amanzi phezulu endaweni yokuphefumula. Ethangini lamanzi okuphuza elimboziwe, indawo yokuphefumula kufanele futhi ibe nesihluzo sezinambuzane esinosayizi wamanethi okuvunyelwene ngawo encazelweni yamanzi okuphuza.
Ukucaciswa Kobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Qaphela |
Izinga lokuncibilika kwe-enamel | 820–930 °C | Ingilazi encibilikisiwe ensimbi ngomjikelezo owodwa |
Ubukhulu be-enamel | 0.25–0.45 mm | Ngaphezu kuka-3,450 N/cm² |
Ukuhlolwa kwenhlansi | 1500 V DC | Ukutholwa kwemingxunya emincane ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa |
Ukuqina kwangaphakathi | Ra < 0.8 µm | Ukunamathela okuphansi kwe-biofilm |
Ukumelana ne-pH | 1–14 | Ukubekezelela okubanzi kwekhemistri yamanzi |
I-FBE coating | 180–280 µm | AWWA C550, ukufafazwa kukasawoti > 4000 h |
Ukufakwa kwe-zinc | HDG kuya ku-GB/T 13912-2020 | Amanzi ahlanzekile kanye ne-dry bulk |
Izinga le-stainless | 304 / 316L | 316L yensizakalo ye-chloride |
Uphahla | I-Aluminium dome AWWA D108 / API 650, noma i-bolted cone | Imithwalo ku-ADM 2015 / ASCE 7-10 |
Isikhathi sokuphila komklamo | Iminyaka engama-30 nangaphezulu | Igobolondo le-enamel |
Ukusebenzisa ithangi emisebenzini yangempela
Amanzi okuqeda umlilo, amanzi okuphuza kanye namanzi enqubo yokusebenza yizinhlobo ezintathu ezihlukene ezinohlobo olulodwa lwegobongo. Ithangi lamanzi okuqeda umlilo ngokuvamile likhulu kunazo zontathu, ngokuvamile liyithangi le-GFS eliboshiwe noma le-epoxy elisekelweni eliyindandatho elinesici sokuvikela ukugwebeka noma sokujikeleza ezindaweni ezibandayo kanye nerekhodi lokuhlola ngezikhathi ezithile elibonisa ukuthi amanzi asakulungele ukuhanjiswa; ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi okuqeda umlilo eSichuan okungu-8,930 m³ kuwuhlobo lwevolumu lapho ithangi le-enamel eliboshiwe liyimpendulo ejwayelekile. Ithangi lamanzi okuphuza lidinga isitifiketi samanzi okuphuza, ingaphakathi elihlanzekayo kanye nophahla oluvaliwe, kanye nemibhalo ye-NSF/ANSI 61 ne-WRAS kanye ne-lining engashintshi ukunambitheka noma ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali amanzi. Ithangi lamanzi enqubo yokusebenza noma okupholisa lidinga impendulo yombuzo we-chloride, kanye nelungiselelo lokugcwalisa nokulawula izinga eligcina ukugxila kumjikelezo kuzinzile esikhundleni sokugcwalisa ithangi ngamanzi abuyayo ane-chloride ephezulu ngezikhathi ezithile.
Icala Leprojekthi
Iprojekthi | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Ithangi lamanzi aluhlaza anobubanzi obukhulu | INamibia | Ithangi le-GFS | 44,900 m³ | ukuhlinzeka nokugada ukwakhiwa |
Isitoreji samanzi okuqeda umlilo, amathangi amabili | ISichuan, eChina | Ithangi le-GFS lamanzi okuqeda umlilo | 8,930 m³ | ukuhlinzeka nokugada ukwakhiwa |
Ithangi lamanzi okuphuza | I-Indonesia | Ithangi lamanzi okuphuza le-GFS | 21,099 m³ | ukuhlinzeka nokuqondisa ukwakhiwa |
Ikhono Lobunjiniyela be-Center Enamel
UCenter Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isungule futhi yakha amathangi okugcina anezibophezelo kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi ensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi angu-300,000 ahlanganiswe ne-enamel ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe umthamo wokukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, i-WRAS, i-FDA, i-LFGB, i-CE (EN 1090), i-ISO 28765, i-FM, i-BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukuklama kubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo lokusebenza ludinga khona.
Okokugcina amanzi lokho kusho umsebenzi wonke kusukela ekufakweni kwesembozo kuya ophahleni: isitifiketi sokuthintana namanzi sokusetshenziswa okuphuzwayo, umthamo wokugeleza komlilo oqinisekiswa ngokubalwa kwesidingo, imininingwane yokuchichima nokukhipha umoya elinganiselwe izinga lokugcwalisa, kanye nerekhodi lokuphinda kuqiniswe kanye nokuhlolwa kokuvuza njengombhalo wokunikezela.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Yimuphi umsele wethangi ongcono kakhulu wamanzi okuphuza?
A1: Ithangi lensimbi elihlanganiswe nengilazi elinezincwadi ze-NSF/ANSI 61 ne-WRAS ezindaweni ezithinta amanzi liyisinqumo esiqinile, ngoba i-enamel ayisebenzi, ibushelelezi ku-Ra engaphansi kuka-0.8 µm futhi ilinganiselwa iminyaka engama-30 nangaphezulu ngaphandle kokupenda kabusha. Amathangi apendwe nge-epoxy ahlangabezana ne-AWWA C550 ayindlela ehlukile lapho umsebenzi unzima.
Q2: Ngilinganisa kanjani ithangi lokugcina amanzi omlilo?
A2: Kusukela ekuminyaneni kokuklama okuphindwe ngendawo evikelwe kanye nesikhathi esidingekayo, kusetshenziswa i-NFPA 22 ne-NFPA 20 njengezincwadi ezijwayelekile, bese uqinisekisa ukuthi iphampu ingaletha isidingo ngengcindezi esele. Ithangi kufanele futhi ligcine ibhendi yezinga eligcina isexwayiso sezinga eliphansi ngaphezu kwebhendi ehlangene.
Q3: Ingabe amathangi okugcina amanzi ake afakwe ingcindezi?
A3: Ithangi lokugcina ngokwalo lisezingeni lomoya. Ezinye izinhlelo zengeza ingcindezi encane esikhaleni segesi ukuze zisunduze amanzi aye ezindaweni eziphakeme, futhi kuleso simo ukweqisa kwengcindezi kuyinani eliphansi elinedivayisi yokukhulula; umkhumbi awukacatshangelwa njengesitsha sengcindezi, futhi isikhala segesi ethangini elijwayelekile sihlala kwingcindezi yomoya.
Q4: Ingabe ithangi elifanayo lingasebenza kokubili inqubo namanzi omlilo?
A4: Yebo, kuwuhlelo olujwayelekile lapho isidingo somlilo sihlangabezana ngokugcina indawo yokugcina ezinikezelwe engenakudonswa inqubo, ngokulawula izinga kanye nepompo yomlilo ethatha izintambo ngaphansi komugqa wokugcina. I-lining yethangi kusamele ihambisane namakhemikhali amanzi enqubo.
Q5: Yiluphi ulondolozo oludingwa ithangi lamanzi eliboshiwe?
A5: Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-torque yebhawodi ne-gasket ngemva kokugcwaliswa kokuqala nangemva kobusika bokuqala, bese kuba nokuhlolwa ngezikhathi ezithile lapho kungena ithangi ngayinye, ukuhlolwa kwaminyaka yonke kwe-overflow, isihluzo somoya kanye nokuvaleleka kophahla, kanye nokuhlolwa kwamanzi ngezikhathi ezithile lapho ukucaciswa kwamanzi okuphuzwayo kukudinga.
Q6: Ngingayikhulisa kanjani indawo yokugcina esizeni esivele sikhona?
A6: Ithangi elibhawodiwe lingaphakanyiswa ngokwengeza izendlalelo eziyindilinga noma linwetshwe ngamaphaneli engeziwe, noma ithangi lesibili lingafakwa ngokuhambisana, lokhu okugwema izisekelo ezintsha zesilinganiso sokuqala futhi kugcine indlela yamapayipi ekhona isetshenziswa.
Ithangi lokugcina amanzi lichazwa ngamanzi alo: amanzi aphuzwayo adinga izinto zokunamathisela eziqinisekisiwe, ezingenakho ukusabela, nezihlanzekayo; amanzi okuqeda umlilo adinga umthamo oqinisekisiwe kanye nebhendi yezinga elingasoze lehle ngaphansi kwejoyinti lesivalo; amanzi ezinqubo zokukhiqiza adinga into yokunamathisela ezinzile emakhemikhali e-chloride kanye nemithwalo ye-slug engaqhubeki. Khetha into yokunamathisela kusukela ekuhlaziyweni, usayizi kusukela esimweni esibi kakhulu sokudingeka, bese uvala ithangi ngophahla, isiphephetha-moya kanye nokuchichima okuklanywe njengohlelo olulodwa lomkhathi. Sithumele ukuhlaziywa kwamanzi, imfuneko yomthamo kanye nomjikelezo womsebenzi futhi sizobuyisela ukucushwa kwethangi elinokunamathisela, uphahla kanye nobubanzi bokuhlolwa.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Thumela ukuhlaziywa kwakho kwamanzi okubandakanya ama-chloride ne-pH, umthamo wokugcina odingekayo kanye nomjikelezo wokusebenza, ukuthi ngamanzi okuphuza noma i-reserve yomlilo esebenzayo, imikhawulo yendawo nobude, kanye nezimo zomoya neqhwa nokubanda endaweni. Sizobuyisela isincomo sohlobo lwethangi elinosayizi, uphahla, imininingwane yokuchichima nokungena komoya, kanye nesethi yomdwebo nesimiso somthetho yefayela lakho.
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