Amathangi Okuhlanza Amanzi Angcolile: Ubunjiniyela, Izinto Zokwakha kanye Nokuqalisa Ukusebenza
Kwadalwa ngo 09.04
Amathangi Okuhlanza Amanzi Angcolile: Ubunjiniyela, Izinto Zokwakha kanye Nokuqaliswa
Ithangi lokuhlanza amanzi angcolile liyingxenye yohlelo lwenqubo, ngakho-ke kufanele licaciswe kanye nomakhelwane balo: ithangi lokulinganisa elenza ukugeleza kube ngokulinganayo, isitsha se-anaerobic noma se-anoxic esenza umsebenzi webhayoloji, kanye nethangi lokucwenga elivikela ukukhishwa kwamanzi. Amathangi ensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi anengqimba ye-enamel ehlanganiswe ku-820–930 °C, engu-0.25–0.45 mm ubukhulu, ehlolwa nge-spark ku-1500 V DC futhi enezinga le-pH 1–14, okugcina uqweqwe lwangaphandle lungangeni emjikelezweni wokugqwala kuyilapho amalunga aboshiwe ehlala ekwazi ukuqiniswa kabusha. Ukusebenza kwe-mesophilic anaerobic kwenzeka ku-35–38 °C ngokugcinwa kwezinsuku ezingama-20–30, futhi isembozo sihlala siyisistimu ye-atmospheric, yengcindezi ephansi.
Ungqongqoshe wezinqubo ezakha uhlelo lokwelashwa akuvamisile ukuthi aqale ngokukhetha amathangi, kodwa amathangi ngokuvamile yiwona lapho isimiso sesikhathi kanye nesabelomali sokunakekela kunqunywa khona. Ithangi ohlelweni lokwelashwa aliyona into emile: libona umthwalo oshintshayo, i-pH eshintshayo phakathi nosuku, igesi eba nolaka kakhulu uma ihlezi isikhathi eside, kanye nomjikelezo wezinga oveza ibhande elilodwa lamajoyinti futhi ligcine elinye licwiliswe unomphela. Umbuzo wobunjiniyela ukuthi iyiphi into ehlala isikhathi eside kulo mjikelezo, bese kuthi ithangi livalwa kanjani, lihlolwe futhi lihlolisiswe ukuze isitshalo sikwazi ukuqhuba uhlelo lwaso ngaphandle kokuthi ithangi libe yindlela ebucayi.
Lapho ithangi ngalinye lihlala khona ohlelweni lokuhlanza
Isitimela siwuchungechunge lwemisebenzi yokugcina, futhi ngayinye inomsebenzi ohlukile kuyo yonke into efanayo yegobolondo. Ithangi lokulinganisa ligcina umfudlana oxubile, ovame ukuba yi-septic futhi livikela amayunithi angaphansi ekushintshashintsheni kwemithwalo. Ithangi le-anaerobic, elisetshenziswa ngendlela ye-mesophilic ku-35–38 °C ngokugcinwa kwezinsuku ezingama-20–30 kokulayishwa okujwayelekile, liguqula umthwalo wemvelo ube yi-biogas futhi lidinga isembozo esingangenisi umoya, idivayisi yokukhulula ingcindezi kanye ne-flame arrestor. Ithangi le-anoxic noma lebhayoloji ligcina uketshezi olude, olumoyiwe noma oluxutshiwe futhi ikakhulukazi lidinga izindonga ezingagqwali kanye nokuxutshwa okugwema izindawo ezingasebenzi. Ithangi lokugcina lokuhlanza noma lesithathu ligcina umfula osezingeni elihle futhi ngokuvamile yilapho izikhalo zephunga zivela khona, ngoba amanzi afudumele futhi ingaphezulu liyasebenza. Ukucacisa umndeni owodwa wamathangi anesistimu efanayo ye-enamel, ukuhlelwa kwe-nozzle kanye nokucaciswa kwamajoyinti kuwo wonke awo kwenza ukusebenza kube lula kakhulu kunokuthuthukisa iyunithi ngayinye ngokwehlukana.
Ukukhethwa kwezinto zokwakha ezihlalweni ezilimazayo zohlelo
Ithangi lokuhlanza amanzi lihluleka endaweni yokumboza, ngakho-ke ukukhethwa kokumboza kuwukukhethwa kwempahla. I-enamel ye-glass-fused-to-steel incibilika ku-820–930 °C, yakheke ku-0.25–0.45 mm, ilinganiswa ngaphezu kwe-3,450 N/cm², ihlolwe nge-spark ku-1500 V DC, ibushelelezi ku-Ra engaphansi kwe-0.8 µm futhi ibekezelela i-pH 1–14; lena iyisebenza kanzima emifudlaneni kamasipala neyezimboni, kuhlanganise nesigaba se-asidi esilandelayo ngemva kwe-oxidation ye-sulphide kanye nesigaba se-alkaline ngemva kokufakwa komuthi. I-epoxy ehlanganiswe nge-fusion-bonded ku-180–280 µm, ebhekiswe ku-AWWA C550 futhi ihlolwe nge-salt spray ngaphezu kwamahora angu-4000, icaciswa lapho i-chemistry ishintshashintsha khona, lapho indawo iseduze nolwandle khona, noma lapho ukulungiseka kubaluleke kakhulu kunokushintshwa kwamaphaneli. I-hot-dip galvanising ngokwe-GB/T 13912-2020 yeyamanzi ahlanzekile kanye ne-dry bulk, kanti i-stainless 316L igcinelwe i-chloride ephezulu noma umsebenzi wokuhlanzeka okuphezulu. Amathangi e-treatment-train ayimikhumbi ye-atmospheric; okuwukuphela komfutho ohlelweni ngama-kilopascals ambalwa endaweni ye-anaerobic gas.
I-geometry, ukuxuba kanye nemininingwane enquma isikhathi sokusebenza
Esithangamini sokwelapha, ukuma kwaso kuyizinguxa zenqubo, futhi izindawo ezingasetshenziswa yilapho ukuqala kokugqwala. Iphansi kufanele libe nomthambeka noma lifakwe isitsha sokuqoqa ukuze izinto eziqinile ezihlala phansi zifinyelele endaweni yokudonsa udaka kunokuba zilale ezindongeni ze-enamel njengengubo emanzi; indawo yokuphuma kufanele ibe sephuzwini eliphansi langempela ukuze ithangi likwazi ukukhishwa ukuze lihlolwe; izixube kufanele zibekwe ngendlela yokugwema ungqimba olungunyakazi lwe-scum ebusweni, okuthi ethangini le-anaerobic lubambe igesi futhi lwakhe indawo enobutha bendawo eduze kophahla; futhi yonke imibhobho, imigudu yabantu kanye nezindawo zokungena kufanele zihlale ngaphakathi kwesivalo esingashintshwa kunokuba zixhunywe ku-enamel. Engeza umbhobho wokugeza ongena ngendlela elawulwayo yokufafaza futhi ithangi lingahlanzwa ngamahora, okuguqula ukuvalwa kwethangi kusuka ekunqamukeni kube ukushintsha kweshifu.
Ukucaciswa Kobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Qaphela |
Izinga lokushisa lokuncibilikisa i-enamel | 820–930 °C | Ingilazi encibilikisiwe ensimbi ngomjikelezo owodwa |
Ubukhulu be-enamel | 0.25–0.45 mm | Ngaphezu kuka-3,450 N/cm² |
Ukuhlolwa kwenhlansi | 1500 V DC | Ukutholwa kwezimbobo ezincane ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa |
Ukumelana ne-pH | 1–14 | Izigaba ze-asidi ne-alkaline |
Ukuqina kwangaphakathi | Ra < 0.8 µm | Kulula ukugeza |
Ukugaya kwe-mesophilic | 35–38 °C | Ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwe-anaerobic |
Ukugcinwa kwe-anaerobic | Izinsuku ezingama-20–30 | Ibanga lokulayisha elijwayelekile |
Ingcindezi yegesi yesembozo se-digester | ±3–5 kPa ngokukhululeka nesibambisi somlilo | Umfutho womoya ophansi |
Ukuhlangana | Kufakwe amaflange, i-EPDM gasket, amabhawudi e-8.8-grade | Kuyaphinde kuqiniswe |
Ikhava | I-Aluminium dome AWWA D108 / API 650 noma ama-membrane amabili | Imithwalo ADM 2015 / ASCE 7-10 |
Impilo yokuklama | Iminyaka engama-30 nangaphezulu | Igobolondo le-enamel |
Izinhlelo zokumboza kanye nomngcele we-biogas
Isembozo sivala inqubo, futhi kufanele siklanywe njengengxenye yegesi hhayi njengophahla. Ethangini le-anaerobic, isembozo se-membrane ezimbili sibamba isikhala segesi ku-2–3 kPa ejwayelekile, kanti i-membrane yangaphandle ithwala isimo sezulu futhi ukuhlanganiswa kukhipha umoya ngesisetshenziswa sokunciphisa ingcindezi kanye nesivimbeli somlilo; uhlangothi lokusingatha igesi — ukususa isulfure ngaphambi kwemishini elandelayo, i-blower noma isibambi esilinganiswe nezinga lokukhiqiza — luyingxenye yomsebenzi ofanayo. Ethangini elivulekile lokucwenga noma lokulinganisa lapho kungekho gesi eqoqwayo, idome eliqinile le-aluminium geodesic ngokwe-AWWA D108 ne-API 650, elinemithwalo yomoya neqhwa evela ku-ADM 2015 noma i-ASCE 7-10, linikeza indawo eqinile evaliwe engathwala izindlela zokuhamba. Iphethini yokwehluleka okufanele igwenywe i-membrane engavumeli gesi ukudlula ethangini elikhipha umoya, okwenza isikhala segesi sibe nengcindezi ngosuku olushisayo, noma ithangi elivulekile ngaphansi kwedome, eliqoqa igesi ngaphansi kophahla olungenayo indlela eya ohlelweni lokwelapha.
Icala Lomsebenzi
Iphrojekthi | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Amathangi e-industrial wastewater, amayunithi angama-27 | Xinjiang, China | Amathangi e-GFS | 30,469 m³ isiyonke | ukuhlinzeka kanye nokuqondisa ukwakhiwa |
Amathangi e-municipal sewage, amayunithi angama-10 | Sichuan, China | Amathangi e-GFS | 17,420 m³ isiyonke | ukuhlinzeka kanye nokuqondisa ukwakhiwa |
Ithangi elikhulu lokukhuculula amanzi angcolile amakhemikhali | I-Zhejiang, e-China | Ithangi le-GFS | 11,613 m³ | ukuhlinzeka nokugadwa kokwakhiwa |
Ikhono Lobunjiniyela be-Center Enamel
UCenter Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isungule futhi yakha amathangi okugcina anezibophezelo kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi ensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kukhuliswe umthamo wokukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, i-WRAS, i-FDA, i-LFGB, i-CE (EN 1090), i-ISO 28765, i-FM, i-BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukuklama kubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Okokusevisa kohlelo lokwelashwa lokhu kuba ukuhlinzeka kwenqubo: amathangi e-digester kanye ne-equalization anophahla lwe-membrane noma lwe-dome, imininingwane yengcindezi yesikhala segesi, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-mixer ne-nozzle, kanye nencwadi yokusebenza etshela ithimba ukuthi yini okufanele iphinde iqinise futhi nini.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Ingabe amathangi ohlelo lokwelashwa kufanele abe wuhlobo olufanayo wonke?
A1: Yebo kaningi kakhulu. Ukusebenzisa uhlelo olulodwa lwe-enamel, uhlobo olulodwa lwe-gasket kanye nokucaciswa okulodwa kwamalunga kulo lonke ithangi lokulinganisa, lebhayoloji kanye nelokucwenga kunciphisa isitokwe sezingxenye zokushintsha, kwenza inqubo yokubopha amabhawudi yabasebenzi ibe lula futhi kugcina imidwebo ihambisana, okuvame ukudlula ukuthuthukiswa okuncane kwethangi ngalinye.
Q2: Yisiphi isikhathi esifanele sokugcinwa kwethangi lokwelashwa kwe-anaerobic?
A2: Ukugaywa kwe-mesophilic anaerobic kuvame ukwenziwa ku-35–38 °C ngesikhathi sokugcinwa sezinsuku ezingama-20–30 ekulayisheni okujwayelekile; ukuphakelwa okuqinile kakhulu kungafinyezwa cishe kube izinsuku ezingama-15–20 ngebanga lokushisa elifanayo, futhi ukusebenza kwe-thermophilic ku-50–55 °C kungenye indlela lapho umusi noma ukushisa okulahlwayo kushibhile.
Q3: Ingabe ithangi le-anaerobic lisebenza ngaphansi kwengcindezi?
A3: Cha. Ithangi lingaphansi komfutho womoya; i-biogas igcinwa endaweni yegesi yokumboza ngamakhilopaskali ambalwa kuphela, kanti idivayisi yokukhipha umfutho kanye nesibambisi somlilo kuvikela ukuhlanganiswa. Noma yiliphi ithangi lokwelapha kufanele lithathwe njengomkhumbi onomfutho ophansi, hhayi isitsha somfutho.
Q4: Hlobo luni lokumboza olungcono kakhulu phezu kwesididiyeli?
A4: Isembozo se-membrane ezimbili yisinqumo esivamile: i-membrane yangaphakathi ku-2–3 kPa egama ihambisa igesi, i-membrane yangaphandle ithwala isimo sezulu, futhi ukufakwa kukhaphu futhi kushibhile kune-dome eqinile phezu kwethangi elikhulu. I-dome ye-aluminium eqinile ikhethwa lapho kudingeka indawo eqinile, ehambekayo.
Q5: Amathangi okwelapha ahlolwa kanjani ukuthi awavuzi?
A5: Ama-panel e-enamel ahlolwa nge-spark nge-1500 V DC ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa, amajoyinti ahlanganiswa nge-torque ebekiwe, futhi ithangi eliqediwe ligcwaliswa futhi lihlolwe ezingeni lokusebenza. Uhlelo lwe-post-first-fill kanye ne-post-winter re-torque lwabe selubhalwa ohlelweni lwesondlo.
Q6: Kukangaki ithangi lokwelapha lidinga ukuhlolwa kwangaphakathi?
A6: Embonini esebenzayo, ukuhlolwa kwangaphakathi okubonakalayo ekungeneni kwithangi okuhleliwe, ngokuvamile njalo eminyakeni emibili kuya kwemihlanu yensizakalo ye-aerobic futhi kaningi kuma-anaerobic noma emifudlaneni yezimboni ezinamandla lapho isigaba segesi sinolaka.
Ithangi lokuhlanza amanzi angcolile kufanele licaciswe njengengxenye yohlelo lwenqubo kunokuba libe umkhumbi othengiwe: ukufakwa kwezinto ezihambisana namakhemikhali, ukuma okugcina izinto eziqinile zihamba, isembozo esiklanyelwe njengempahla yegesi, kanye nohlelo lokuhlola olubhalwe ngaphambi kokuqalisa ukusebenza. Uma kwenziwa ngalolo hlelo, amathangi ayeka ukuba yindlela ebucayi yemboni. Thumela izidingo zomthwalo, amandla, izinga lokushisa kanye nokugcinwa kanye nezimo zokulayisha zendawo kunjiniyela futhi uzothola ukuhlelwa kwethangi ngalinye okuhambisana nesembozo, igesi kanye nobubanzi bokuhlola.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Thumela umdwebo wakho wokugeleza nokulayisha, amandla e-COD noma e-BOD, ukushintshashintsha kwe-pH kanye nezinga lokushisa, isikhathi sokugcinwa esidingekayo, ukuthi ukubuyiswa kwe-biogas kuyasebenza yini, imikhawulo yendawo kanye nedatha yomoya neqhwa yesiza. Sizobuyisela uhlu lwamathangi omugqa, izincomo zezinto zokwakha nokufakwa kwezinto zokugqoka, imininingwane yekhava nephakethe legesi, kanye nephakethe lomdwebo nesicaciso senthenda yakho.
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