Amathangi Okugcina Amanzi Angcolile: Izinhlobo, Izinto Zokwakha Nokukhethwa Kwezitshalo Zokuhlanza
Kwadalwa ngo 09.04
Amathangi Okugcina Amanzi Angcolile: Izinhlobo, Izinto Zokwakha Nokukhetha Izitshalo Zokwelashwa
Amathangi okugcina amanzi angcolile ayimikhumbi yomoya okuyimpilo yayo enqunywa uqwembe, hhayi ugobolondo. Ithangi lensimbi elihlanganiswe nengilazi lihlanganisa ungqimba lwe-enamel ku-820–930 °C ngobukhulu obungu-0.25–0.45 mm, lihlolwa nge-spark ku-1500 V DC futhi libekezelela i-pH 1–14, okuhlanganisa amanzi angcolile ane-asidi ne-alkaline. I-epoxy ehlanganiswe nge-fusion ku-180–280 µm ifaneleka kumakhemikhali anolaka noma ashintshayo, kanti insimbi engagqwali i-316L ifaneleka ukusetshenziswa okune-chloride ephezulu. Usayizi, isembozo kanye nokwakheka kwamajoyinti kube sekunquma umthwalo wokunakekela.
Ungqongqoshe wemboni yezitshalo ocacisa isitsha esisha sokulinganisa uvame ukutshelwa ukuthi agcine kube lula, futhi yilapho inkinga iqala khona, ngoba ithangi lokugcina amanzi angcolile alula neze: uketshezi lushintsha ukwakheka kwalo ihora nehora, indawo yegesi ijikeleza phakathi kwe-hydrogen sulphide nomoya omanzi, futhi ithangi ngokwalo lihlala esimweni sezulu esinzima kakhulu esizeni. Incazelo kumele iphendule imibuzo emine ngasikhathi sinye — ukuthi isembozo sizobekezelela ini, ukuthi ububanzi nokuphakama kufaneleka yiphi indawo, ukuthi iyiphi ikhava evala ithangi, nokuthi ithangi lizohlolwa kanjani uma seligcwele uketshezi olunukayo. Ukwenza lokhu kahle embhalweni wethenda kubaluleke kakhulu kunanoma yimuphi umsebenzi wokuthuthukisa inani owenzeka kamuva.
Ukukhetha uqwembe: i-enamel, i-epoxy, i-galvanising nensimbi engagqwali
I-lining ichaza umgogodla wamakhemikhali wethangi, futhi ugobolondo lulandela kulo. I-Glass-fused-to-steel ithwala ungqimba lwe-enamel oluhlanganiswe nensimbi ku-820–930 °C, ubukhulu obungu-0.25–0.45 mm, kulinganiselwa ngaphezu kuka-3,450 N/cm², kuhlolwa nge-spark ku-1500 V DC, bushelelezi ku-Ra engaphansi kuka-0.8 µm futhi kulinganiselwa ku-pH 1–14; le yimpendulo ejwayelekile yamanzi angcolile kamasipala nezimboni, okuhlanganisa i-septic equalization kanye ne-anaerobic effluent. I-Fusion-bonded epoxy, esetshenziswa njengempushana ku-180–280 µm futhi ibhekiselwa ku-AWWA C550 nge-salt spray engaphezu kwamahora angu-4000, iyimpendulo yamanzi ezimboni anolaka, ukushintshashintsha kwe-asidi ne-alkaline kanye nezindawo zasogwini. I-Hot-dip galvanising ku-GB/T 13912-2020 isebenza emanzini ahlanzekile kanye ne-dry bulk kuphela futhi ayifaneleki emanzini angcolile ane-asidi noma ukuthintana nokudla. I-Stainless steel 304 noma 316L iyimpendulo lapho i-chloride iphezulu ngokwanele ukuhlasela izinto zokumboza noma lapho inqubo idinga indawo ye-alloy, futhi ibiza izikhathi eziningana kunethangi le-GFS, ngakho-ke kufanele isetshenziswe kuphela lapho umsebenzi udinga ngempela.
Usayizi nejiyometri yomsebenzi wamanzi angcolile
Isikhathi sokugcina sinikeza umthamo; indawo inikeza ukuma. Ithangi lokulinganisa noma lokubamba likalwa ngokuhamba kokungena kanye nesikhathi esidingekayo sokugcina — ezigabeni zebhayoloji, ukugaywa kwe-anaerobic ye-mesophilic ngokuvamile kwenziwa ku-35–38 °C ngesikhathi sokugcina sezinsuku ezingama-20–30 — bese umthamo ophumayo uhlukaniswa phakathi kobubanzi nokuphakama ukuze ulingane nendawo kanye nesikhala esiphezulu. Ithangi elibanzi elingajulile lifanele isitshalo esinendawo; ithangi elide lifanele umsebenzi onendawo encane kodwa lidinga i-crane ende kanye nokuhlolwa kokulayishwa komoya okuphezulu. Ngenxa yokuthi ithangi elilodwa linikezwa kuze kufike ku-60,000 m³, imisebenzi eminingi yamanzi angcolile ayidingi imikhumbi eminingi, kodwa ukuhlukaniswa kwezigaba kuvame ukukhethwa ukuze kuhlukaniswe futhi kunakekelwe. Iphaneli eboshiwe engaba ngu-1.2 m ububanzi kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-flange eboshiwe yekilasi le-8.8 kunikeza umnikazi enye indlela: phakamisa igobolondo ngamakhosi engeziwe ayindandatho noma wengeze ithangi elihambisanayo kamuva ngaphandle kokushisela okusha.
Izembozo nomngcele womoya womkhathi
Isembozo sethangi lamanzi angcolile wuhlelo olunengcindezi ephansi okufanele libhekane negesi, isimo sezulu kanye nokufinyelela ngasikhathi sinye. Lapho igesi yebhayogesi iqoqwa khona, isembozo sezingxenye ezimbili sisebenzisa isikhala segesi ngokwezinga elijwayelekile lika-2–3 kPa ngedivayisi yokukhipha ingcindezi kanye nesivimbeli somlilo emugqeni wegesi, futhi siyisinqumo esisebenzayo ngaphezu kwamathangi amakhulu. Lapho kwakhiwa indawo eqinile, idome ye-aluminium geodesic ngokwe-AWWA D108 ne-API 650, enemithwalo yomoya neqhwa evela ku-ADM 2015 noma i-ASCE 7-10, ithwala izindlela zokuhamba futhi ivikela umthungo wophahla ekuhambeni kwabantu. Zombili zisezingeni lomoya; akukho thangi lokugcina lamanzi angcolile okufanele libe yisitsha sokucindezela, futhi ukucacisa isembozo njengomngcele wengcindezi kuyiphutha lokuklama elibonakala ekuqaleni kokudlidliza kwegesi.
Ukucaciswa Kobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Qaphela |
Ukuhlangana kwe-Enamel | 820–930 °C | Ingilazi ehlanganisiwe nensimbi, umjikelezo owodwa |
Ubukhulu be-Enamel | 0.25–0.45 mm | Ngaphezu kuka-3,450 N/cm² |
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Spark | 1500 V DC | Ukutholwa kwemigodi emincane ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa |
Ukumelana ne-pH | 1–14 | Ukubekezelela amakhemikhali okubanzi |
Ukungalingani kobuso | Ra < 0.8 µm | Ukungcola okuphansi |
I-FBE coating | 180–280 µm | AWWA C550, salt spray > 4000 h |
I-Galvanising | HDG kuya ku-GB/T 13912-2020 | Amanzi ahlanzekile kanye ne-dry bulk kuphela |
Izinga le-stainless | 304 / 316L | 316L yensizakalo ye-chloride ne-sulphur |
Amajoyinti egobolondo | Ane-flange, i-EPDM gasket, amabhawudi ezinga le-8.8 | Kungenziwa i-torque kabusha |
Inketho yekhava | I-dome ye-aluminium AWWA D108 / API 650, noma ama-membrane amabili | Imithwalo ku-ADM 2015 / ASCE 7-10 |
Isikhathi sokuphila komklamo | Iminyaka engama-30 nangaphezulu | I-Enamel |
Ukufaka ithangi ohlelweni lokwelashwa
Beka ithangi lapho ukugeleza kungazinzile kakhulu futhi ikhemistri inamandla kakhulu. Ithangi lokugcina ngqo phambi kwesigaba sebhayoloji lithenga ukuzinza kwemboni yonke; ithangi eliphambi kwe-skid yokubuyisela noma yokunciphisa lizibamba i-slug eyonakalisayo ngaphambi kokuba ifinyelele emishinini engenakushintshwa ngokushibhile. Kuzo zombili izimo imininingwane ebalulekile emkhakheni iyafana: ingaphakathi elihlanziwe elinendawo ebushelelezi ye-enamel, i-outlet ephansi enomgodi ogcwele ukuze ithangi likwazi ukukhishwa futhi likhishwe ngamapompo ukuze lilungiswe, i-manway enendawo ye-gasket engonakalisiwe, kanye nokuhlelwa kokungena kwesembozo okugcina yonke ikhebula, idakthi kanye nepayipi kungena ngomkhono ovalsiwe kunokuba kungene phezu komthungo oboshiwe. Leyo mininingwane emihlanu inquma ukuthi ithangi liwumsebenzi wemizuzu eyishumi noma ukuphazamiseka kwezinsuku eziyishumi ekuhlolweni kokuqala.
Icala Lomsebenzi
Iphrojekthi | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Amathangi e- wastewater ezimbonini, amayunithi angama-27 | Xinjiang, China | Amathangi e-GFS | Ingqikithi engu-30,469 m³ | ukuhlinzeka nokugadwa kokwakhiwa |
Amathangi e- sewage kamasipala, amayunithi angama-10 | Sichuan, China | Amathangi e-GFS | 17,420 m³ isiyonke | ukuhlinzeka nokuqondisa ukwakhiwa |
Ithangi elikhulu lamakhemikhali amanzi angcolile | Zhejiang, China | Ithangi le-GFS | 11,613 m³ | ukuhlinzeka nokugadwa kokwakhiwa |
Ikhono Lobunjiniyela Be-Center Enamel
UCenter Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isungule futhi yakha amathangi okugcina anezibophezelo kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi ensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi angu-300,000 ahlanganiswe ne-enamel ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka amathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukukhulisa umthamo wokukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, i-WRAS, i-FDA, i-LFGB, i-CE (EN 1090), i-ISO 28765, i-FM, i-BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukuklama kubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho isicelo sidinga khona.
Ukuze kugcinwe amanzi angcolile okuholela ekutheni ifekthri eyodwa ekwazi ukuhlinzeka nge-tank ye-enamel, i-tank ehlanganiswe nge-epoxy noma i-tank yensimbi engagqwali, kanye nekhava, i-gasket, i-nozzle kanye nephakethe lokuhlola elichazwe njengomkhakha owodwa ohambisanayo.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Yiluphi uhlobo lwe-tank yokugcina amanzi angcolile oluvame kakhulu?
Impendulo 1: I-tank ehlanganisiwe yengilazi nensimbi eboshwe ngamabhawudi yamadolobha kanye namanzi angcolile amaningi ezimbonini, ngoba i-enamel lining ibhekana nobubanzi be-pH futhi amajoyinti aboshiwe angaphinde aqiniswe ngesikhathi sokuvalwa. Amathangi e-epoxy-coated kanye ne-welded stainless alandela lapho i-chemistry noma izidingo zedolobha zikhomba khona.
Umbuzo 2: Ngingayilinganisa kanjani i-tank yokugcina amanzi angcolile?
A2: Qala esimisweni sokugcinwa kwesigaba senqubo — isigaba se-anaerobic ngokuvamile siyizinsuku ezingama-20–30 ku-35–38 °C, ithangi lokulinganisa likalwa ngokushintshashintsha kokungena kanye nomkhawulo wokuphepha — bese uhlukanisa umthamo phakathi kobubanzi nokuphakama ukuze ulingane nendawo kanye ne-crane.
Q3: Ingabe ithangi lezindle kungenziwa likhulu kamuva?
A3: Ithangi eliboshiwe lingakwenza lokho. Izendlalelo ezengeziwe zamaringi ziphakamisa igobolondo, amaphaneli engeziwe andisa indawo noma ithangi lesibili lisebenza ngokuhambisana, konke ngaphandle kokushintshwa okuphelele kwe-civil ithangi elishisisiwe elingakudinga.
Q4: Kufanele ivalwe kanjani ithangi lezindle?
A4: Ngokokuhlanganisa okuhambisana nenhloso. Ikhava enezendlalelo ezimbili enedivayisi yokudambisa ingcindezi kanye nesivimbeli somlilo uma i-biogas iqoqwa; idome le-aluminium elihambisana ne-AWWA D108 kanye ne-API 650 uma kudingeka indawo eqinile ehamba kuyo; igobolondo elivulekile elinesiphephelo uma ukugwema isimo sezulu kuyikho kuphela okudingekayo.
Q5: Yimuphi umhlolo wokwamukela emthanjeni omusha wamanzi angcolile?
A5: Amaphaneli e-enamel ahlolwa nge-spark nge-1500 V DC ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa, amajoyinti aboshiwe aqiniswa futhi ahlolwe ngama-gasket, futhi ithangi elihlanganisiwe ligcwaliswa futhi lihlolwe ukuthi alivuvi yini ezingeni lokusebenza, kanye nokuphinda kuqiniswe ngemva kokugcwalisa kokuqala.
Q6: Ingabe insimbi engagqwali iyafaneleka emanzini angcolile?
A6: Kuphela emanzini ane-chloride ephezulu, ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu noma emsebenzini wezokudla nemithi wezinga eliphezulu, lapho umgoqo we-alloy udingeka ngempela. Emanzini angcolile kamasipala nezimboni amaningi, i-enamel noma i-epoxy lining inikeza inkonzo efanayo ngezindleko ezincane kakhulu zezinto zokwakha.
Ithangi lokugcina amanzi angcolile liyinkinga ye-lining egqoke izingubo zomkhumbi. Chaza i-enamel, i-epoxy noma i-alloy ngokumelene ne-chemistry elinganisiwe, linganisa ithangi ngokwesidingo sokugcina kanye nendawo, vala ngesembozo esiklanyelwe igesi nesimo sezulu emfuthweni we-atmospheric, futhi bhala isikhathi sokuphinda uqinise kanye nokuhlolwa encwadini yokusebenza. Thumela ukuhlaziywa, ukugeleza kanye nokulayishwa kwendawo kunjiniyela futhi uzothola isincomo sohlobo lwethangi okunamathiselwe kukho ukuhlangana, isembozo kanye nobubanzi bokuhlolwa kokwamukelwa.
Khuluma nonjiniyela
Thumela ukuhlaziywa kwamanzi angcolile okubandakanya ibanga le-pH nama-chloride, izinga lokushisa, isikhathi sokugcinwa esidingekayo nomthamo, ubukhulu besiza nomkhawulo wokuphakama, ukuthi i-biogas noma ukulawulwa kwephunga kuyasebenza yini, kanye nedatha yomoya neqhwa yesiza. Sizobuyisela isincomo sohlobo lwethangi elinobukhulu, isembozo, izidingo zamajoyinti nokuhlolwa kanye nephakethe lomdwebo nesicaciso sefayela lakho.
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