Ithangi Lokugcina Elifanele Lokugcina Amanzi Angcolile: Umhlahlandlela Wokukhetha Wabunjiniyela
Kwadalwa ngo 05.15
Ithangi Lokugcina Elifanele Lokugcina Amanzi Angcolile: Umhlahlandlela Wokukhetha Wabonjiniyela
Ithangi lokugcina elifanele lokugcina amanzi angcolile linqunywa ngokwemvelo yamakhemikhali kuqala bese kuba umthamo. Amathangi ensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi abhekana nobubanzi be-pH obungu-1–14 ngongqimba lwe-enamel olushiswe ku-820–930 °C futhi lwahlolwa nge-spark ku-1500 V DC, ngakho-ke afanele imifudlana yendle ebolile, yezimboni kanye nenolaka. I-epoxy ehlanganiswe nge-fusion ifanele imisebenzi ehlukahlukene ene-asidi noma i-alkaline ngobukhulu befilimu obungu-180–280 µm, futhi insimbi engagqwali igcinelwe ukusebenza okune-chloride ephezulu noma okuhlanzekile kakhulu. Uma ungqimba lwangaphakathi selunqunyiwe, ububanzi, uhlobo lwesembozo, uhlelo lokuxhumanisa kanye nesikhathi sokuhlola yikho okunquma izindleko zomjikelezo wokuphila.
Umenjini wokuthenga we-EPC ovula ithenda yokugcina amanzi angcolile ngokuvamile unezitsha ezine okufanele azicacise kanye nemikhiqizo emithathu ohlwini lwabakhethiwe, futhi incazelo kufanele ikwazi ukumelana nokuhlolwa kobunjiniyela benani ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kamuva ngaphandle kokuwohloka lapho kuhlangana khona. Amanzi angcolile awumsebenzi wokugcina onthembekile kakhulu embonini yamanzi, ngoba uketshezi lushintsha ukwakheka kulo lonke usuku, isikhala segesi siyashintshana kusuka ku-hydrogen sulphide kuya emoyeni onomswakama, futhi ithangi lihlala endaweni enokugqwala. Impendulo efanele akuwona umkhiqizo owodwa; kuyisistimu yokufaka uqwembe, igobolondo lesakhiwo kanye nekhava ezikhethwe ndawonye bese zibhalwa phansi ngendlela ehlala ikhona lapho isitshalo siqala ukuvalwa.
I-Chemistry kuqala: ukufanisa i-lining nomfula wamanzi angcolile
Isinqumo se-lining siza ngaphambi kwesinqumo sobubanzi, ngoba i-lining ibeka umkhawulo wezinto ezisetshenziswayo kukho konke okunye. Ithangi le-glass-fused-to-steel linele i-enamel engu-0.25–0.45 mm ubukhulu, ehlanganiswe nensimbi ku-820–930 °C futhi elinganiselwa ngaphezu kuka-3,450 N/cm², enokubekezelela i-pH engu-1–14; lokho kuhlanganisa amanzi angcolile asendlini, amanzi angcolile okucubungula ukudla ane-asidi ephilayo, kanye neningi lemifudlana yezimboni ene-pH egcinwa ebangeni elilawulwayo. Ithangi le-fusion-bonded epoxy liletha umkhawulo ohlukile: i-powder esetshenziswa ku-180–280 µm, elashwa ekushiseni okuphezulu, ebhekiswe ku-AWWA C550, enokusebenza kwe-salt spray ngaphezu kwamahora angu-4000; iyimpendulo eqinile lapho umfudlana ushintsha phakathi kwe-asidi ne-alkali, lapho ithangi lingaphandle endaweni yasolwandle, noma lapho ukulungiswa kwe-coating kusebenza kangcono kunokushintsha i-panel. I-stainless steel 304 noma 316L iyindlela yesithathu, ekhethwa lapho i-chloride iphezulu ngokwanele ukuhlasela ama-coating, noma lapho inqubo idinga ngempela umkhawulo we-alloy njengasemanzini angcolile ezimboni ane-chloride ephezulu anomjikelezo wokubuyisela.
I-Geometry, umthamo kanye nobubanzi obulingana nendawo
Ivolumu inquma ukuma, futhi ukuma kunquma izindleko zomsebenzi womphakathi. Ububanzi nokuphakama kwethangi eliboshiwe kuyizinto eziguqukayo ngokukhululekile ngaphakathi kwemingcele efanele: ithangi elibanzi elingajulile lifanele isitshalo sokuhlanza esinomhlaba okhona kanye nomkhawulo ophansi wendawo yokungena, kuyilapho ithangi elide elimincane lifanele indawo enendawo encane yokwakha. Ngenxa yokuthi ithangi elilodwa lihlinzekwa lifika ku-60,000 m³, imisebenzi eminingi yamanzi angcolile iyisitsha esisodwa kunebhethri, kodwa lapho umfudlana kufanele uhlukaniswe ukuze kwenziwe izigaba, ukulinganisa noma insizakalo yomthombo ohlukile, amathangi amaningi amancane ngokuhambisana kulula ukuwahlukanisa nokuwagcina. Ububanzi bephaneli cishe buyi-1.2 m kanye nokuhlangana okuboshiwe okunezinga le-8.8 okunegasketi ye-EPDM kusho ukuthi igobolondo lingaphakanyiswa ngezinye izigaba kamuva, okuvame ukuba ukwanda kwamandla okushibhile okutholakala yisitshalo.
Izembozo, isikhala segesi kanye nomngcele womkhathi
Ithangi lamanzi angcolile iwumkhumbi osemoyeni, futhi isembozo saso yilapho ukunukwa nokuqoqwa kwegesi kutholakala noma kulahleka khona. Lapho i-biogas iqoqwa khona, isembozo, idivayisi yokukhipha umfutho kanye nesivimbeli somlilo kusebenza ngomfutho wegesi wamakhilopaskali ambalwa kuphela, ngakho-ke isembozo siwumngcele womfutho ophansi, hhayi umkhumbi womfutho. Idome eliqinile le-aluminium eliyi-geodesic elibhekiswe ku-AWWA D108 kanye ne-API 650, elinemithwalo yomoya neqhwa evela ku-ADM 2015 noma i-ASCE 7-10, linikeza indawo eqinile, ehambekayo kanye nokuvalwa okuqinile. Isembozo se-membrane ezimbili silula futhi sishibhe kakhulu futhi siyimpendulo esebenzayo phezu kwethangi elikhulu noma ithangi elisebenzayo lapho uphahla oluqinile kuzodingeka lwakhiwe ngezigaba. Isenzo esingalungile ukubeka i-membrane engavumeli igesi kuthangi elikhipha igesi, noma ithangi elivulekile ngaphansi kwedome lapho igesi ingenayo indawo yokuya khona; noma yikuphi ukuchazwa okunjalo kuvela njengesikhalo sokunuka noma isembozo okufanele sivulwe ukuze kukhululeke.
Ukucaciswa Kwezobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Qaphela |
Izinga lokuncibilika kwe-enamel | 820–930 °C | Ingilazi encibilikisiwe ensimbi ngomjikelezo owodwa |
Ubukhulu be-enamel | 0.25–0.45 mm | Kulinganiselwa ngaphezu kuka-3,450 N/cm² |
Ukuhlolwa kwe-spark | 1500 V DC | Ukutholwa kwama-pinhole ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa |
ububanzi be-pH | 1–14 | Ukubekezelela okubanzi kwamakhemikhali |
Ubulukhuni bangaphakathi | Ra < 0.8 µm | Kunciphisa ukunamathela kwe-sludge |
Ubukhulu befilimu ye-FBE | 180–280 µm | Inkomba ye-AWWA C550, ukufafazwa kukasawoti > 4000 h |
Ukuhlangana | I-flange, i-EPDM gasket, amabhawodi e-8.8-grade | Ukwakhiwa okuboshiwe okungaphinde kulungiswe i-torque |
Isembozo | Idome ye-aluminiumi AWWA D108 / API 650, noma ama-membrane amabili | Imithwalo ADM 2015 / ASCE 7-10 |
Impilo yokuklama | Iminyaka engama-30 nangaphezulu | Igobolondo le-enamel |
Ukukhetha ukusebenza kwangempela kwesitshalo
Ukukhethwa kufanele kuhlolwe ngendlela ithangi elizosebenza ngayo ngosuku olubi, hhayi ngesilinganiso sosuku lokuklama. Ithangi elithola imithwalo ye-slug evela enqubweni ye-batch lidinga imininingwane yokujikeleza noma yokuxuba ukuze ukugxila okuphezulu kwesikhashana kungahlali kumile endaweni eyodwa yaphansi. Ithangi eligcwaliswa futhi likhishwe kabili ngosuku lidinga ukuklanywa kwejoyinti nesibophezelo esibekezelela ukujikeleza kwezinga nokunyakaza kokushisa okuhambisana nakho. Ithangi esitshalweni esine-loop yokubuyisela i-chrome noma i-chloride lidinga umbuzo we-chloride ophendulwe ngokusobala, yingakho ukukhetha okungenziwa nge-stainless noma nge-enamel okunombhalo wokuvunyelwa kokugqwala ngokuvamile kunqoba igobolondo le-carbon steel eliboshiwe. Futhi ithangi okufanele likhishwe ukuze lilungiswe lidinga icebo lokungena, lokukhipha ngepompo kanye nendawo evinjelwe ukungenwa elibhalwe kusethi yemidwebo, ngoba yilokho kuphuma okukhumbulayo umnikazi.
Icala Leprojekthi
Iprojekthi | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Amathangi e-industrial wastewater, amayunithi angu-27 | Xinjiang, China | Amathangi e-GFS | 30,469 m³ isiyonke | ukuhlinzeka nokugada ukwakhiwa |
Amathangi e-municipal sewage, amayunithi angu-10 | Sichuan, China | Amathangi e-GFS | 17,420 m³ isiyonke | ukuhlinzeka nokugada ukwakhiwa |
Ithangi elikhulu le-chemical wastewater elinobubanzi obukhulu | Zhejiang, China | Ithangi le-GFS | 11,613 m³ | ukuhlinzeka nokugadwa kokwakhiwa |
Ikhono Lobunjiniyela be-Center Enamel
UCenter Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isungule futhi yakha amathangi okugcina anezibophezelo kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi ensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ehlanganiswe ne-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe umthamo wokukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, i-WRAS, i-FDA, i-LFGB, i-CE (EN 1090), i-ISO 28765, i-FM, i-BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukuklama kubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo lokusetshenziswa ludinga khona.
Ekugcineni kwamanzi angcolile, lelo khono lisho ukuthi umhlinzeki oyedwa angaphendula umbuzo wonke wokukhetha: i-enamel noma i-epoxy lining, igobolondo eliboshiwe noma elishiseliwe, isembozo se-dome noma se-membrane, kanye nemininingwane yokuhlangana, i-torque nokuhlola egcina ithangi liqinile phakathi neshumi leminyaka lokuqala lesitshalo.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Iyiphi iphutha elivame kakhulu ekukhetheni ithangi lamanzi angcolile?
Impendulo 1: Ukucacisa igobolondo ngaphambi kwekhemistri. Ithangi elilungile emanzini angcolile kamasipala angenzi lutho ngokuvamile alilungile emfudlaneni onokushintshashintsha kwe-asidi ne-alkali, futhi umehluko ubonakala njengokwehluleka kwe-coating noma i-enamel phakathi neminyaka embalwa esikhundleni senkinga yesakhiwo.
Umbuzo 2: Ingabe ithangi elilodwa lingabhekana nezigaba ezine-asidi nezine-alkaline?
A2: Yebo, i-enamel lining ibekezelela i-pH 1–14, ngakho-ke ibhekana nezigaba ezishintshanayo ethangini elifanayo; i-fusion-bonded epoxy coating nayo inombundu obanzi we-pH futhi ivame ukukhethwa lapho ithangi lingaphandle, endaweni yasolwandle, noma lapho ukulungisa kusebenza kahle kakhulu kunokushintsha iphaneli.
Q3: Ingabe ngidinga isembozo ethangini lokugcina amanzi angcolile?
A3: Kuphela uma isitshalo sinenhloso yephunga, ukuqoqwa kwegesi noma ukugwema isimo sezulu. Uma i-biogas iqoqwa, isembozo siba yingxenye yohlelo lwegesi olunesisetshenziswa sokukhulula ingcindezi nesivimbeli somlilo; uma kungenjalo, isembozo esilula noma indawo yokukhosela ivame ukuletha inzuzo efanayo ngezindleko eziphansi kakhulu.
Q4: Ngingakwazi ukwandisa umthamo ethangini lokugcina amanzi angcolile elikhona?
A4: Yebo ethangini eliboshiwe. Amakhosi engeziwe angangezwa ukuze kukhushulwe igobolondo, amaphaneli engeziwe andisa indawo, noma kungafakwa ithangi elihambisanayo, konke ngaphandle kwezindleko zesisekelo esisha sokushintshwa okushiselwe.
Q5: Ithangi lamanzi angcolile lihlolwa kanjani ngaphambi kokunikezwa?
A5: Amaphaneli e-enamel ahlolwa nge-spark ku-1500 V DC, ukuhlangana kuhlolwa ukuthi i-gasket ihlezi kahle nokuthi i-torque yamabhawodi ilungile, futhi ithangi elihlanganisiwe ligcwaliswa futhi lihlolwe ukuthi alivuzi yini ezingeni lokuklama. Isimo samabhawodi ne-gasket siphinde sihlolwe ngemva kokugcwaliswa kokuqala nangemva kobusika bokuqala.
Q6: Yiliphi izinga lamanzi okufanele ligcinwe ethangini lokugcina?
A6: Ngokuphezulu ngangokuthi inqubo ivumela, ngoba ithangi elijulile linciphisa isilinganiso sendawo engaphezulu nomthamo futhi lifinyeza isikhathi sokuhlala umoya okufanele uhamba; izinkinga zivela emazingeni aphansi kakhulu aveza ibhendi elihlangene namazingeni aphezulu kakhulu angashiyi ndawo yamahhala yegwebu noma yokukhuphuka.
Ithangi elifanele lokugcina amanzi angcolile i-lining ehambisana nekhemistri, igobolondo elilinganiselwe isiza, nesembozo esikhethwe ngokumelene negesi noma inhloso yephunga. Yenza i-lining ibe ngcono futhi imibuzo yesakhiwo icacile; yenza kabi futhi akukho ukujiya kodonga okungasinxephezela. Thumela ukuhlaziywa kwamanzi angcolile, ububanzi be-pH eshintshayo, izinga lokushisa, umthamo kanye nokulayishwa kwesiza kunjiniyela futhi uzothola incwadi yokukhetha ene-lining, ukuhlanganisa nesembozo okubhaliwe kuyo.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Thumela isimo sakho samanzi angcolile, i-pH eguqukayo kanye nezinga lokushisa, umthamo odingekayo kanye nemikhawulo yendawo, okuqukethwe kwe-chloride kanye nokuthi i-biogas noma ukulawulwa kwephunga kuyingxenye yomsebenzi. Sizobuyisela ukuhlelwa kwethangi elinezidingo ze-lining, isembozo, ukuhlangana kanye nokuhlolwa kokuvuza, kanye nesethi yomdwebo kanye nechaza-mgomo yethenda yakho.
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