Izinhlobo Zesisekelo Samathangi: Umhlahlandlela Wobunjiniyela Bokukhetha Nokuklama
Kwadalwa ngo Ngokwamukisa
Izinhlobo Zezisekelo Zamathangi: Umhlahlandlela Wokukhetha Nobukhanda Kwezobunjiniyela
Ukukhetha uhlobo olufanele lwesisekelo sethangi kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukuqina komsebenzi wesakhiwo kanye nokuhambisana nemvelo kweziqukathi zokugcina zezimboni. Isisekelo akusona nje isakhiwo esisekelayo; siyisixhumanisi esiphatha imithwalo ye-hydrostatic, amandla ezinyikimo zomhlaba, kanye nezingozi zokugqwala. Ukukhetha uhlobo olungalungile kungaholela ekuhlaliseni okuhlukahlukene, ukugoqana kwezindonga zethangi, noma ukwehluleka okukhulu.
1. Izinhlobo Eziyinhloko Zesisekelo Sethangi
Onjiniyela bavame ukuhlukanisa izisekelo zamathangi ngokusekelwe ku-diameter yethangi, umthwalo, amandla okuthwala inhlabathi, kanye nemvelo yezinto ezilondoloziwe.
A. Isisekelo Senhlabathi/Gravel
Isisekelo esilula nesishibhile kunazo zonke, esakhiwa yinhlabathi eqinisiwe kanye nomqolo wamatshe achotshoziwe noma isihlabathi.
● Kuhle kakhulu: Amathangi ensimbi amancane kuya aphakathi nendawo akhiwe ngezicucu ezindaweni ezingenawo amandla ezinyikimo zomhlaba.
● Isidingo: Indawo engaphansi eqinisiwe kakhulu (ngokuvamile >95% Modified Proctor Density) ukuvimbela ukuhlaliswa.
B. Isisekelo Samatshe Esiqinisiwe Esiqinisiwe
I-slab enkulu yekhonkrithi ehlanganisa yonke indawo ethathwa yithangi.
● Kufanele kube kuhle kakhulu: Amatafulela amancane kuya amaphakathi noma izindawo ezinamandla amancane omhlabathi lapho ukusabalalisa umthwalo kuyadingeka.
● Inothi lobunjiniyela: Kudingeka ukugeleza kahle ukuze kuvinjelwe umswakama ukuthi ungabanjwa phakathi kukakhonkolo nophansi kwetafule.
C. Isisekelo Sedwala Elikhonkolo Elizungezile
Izinga lemboni lamatafulela okugcina anobubanzi obukhulu. Ukhonkolo oluqiniswe ngodonga lwakhiwa ngaphansi komngcele betafula, ngaphakathi kugcwaliswe ngesihlabathi esicindezelwe.
● Kufanele kube kuhle kakhulu: Amatafulela amakhulu, anamandla amakhulu lapho imithwalo igxile khona kuqokwe.
● Inzuzo: Iyasebenza kakhulu ekumeleni ukudliwa komhlabathi nokuvimbela ukuhlanekezelwa kwe-shell.
D. Isisekelo Esiphakanyisiwe (Ngaphezu Komhlabathi)
Sisekela phansi kwethangi ngaphezu komhlabathi okuzungezile kusetshenziswa uhlelo lwe-ring wall noma lwe-pier.
● Kuhle kakhulu: Izindawo ezinokugqwala kakhulu kanye nezindawo ezithambekele ekugcwalele.
● Inzuzo: Ivumela ukuhlolwa komzimba ngaphansi kwethangi kanye nokutholwa okusheshayo kokuvuza okubonakalayo.
2. Isikhombisi-ndlela Sokwenza Izinqumo: Ukukhetha Isisekelo Esifanele
Onjiniyela kufanele bahlole izici eziningana ze-geotechnical ne-operational lapho bekhetha uhlobo lwesisekelo.
Uhlobo Lwesisekelo | Umthwalo Wesakhiwo | Ukusebenza Kwesivunguvungu | Ukunciphisa Ukugqwala | Izindleko Zokufaka |
Itshe/Umhlabathi | Phansi | Phansi | Kubuthakathaka | Phansi |
I-Concrete Slab | Phakathi | Phakathi | Phakathi | Phakathi |
I-Ring Wall | Phezulu | Phezulu | Kuhle | Phezulu |
I-Elevated/Pier | Phezulu | Phakathi/Phezulu | Kakhulu | Phezulu Kakhulu |
3. Izinto Ezibalulekile Ezidinga Ukucatshangelwa Kwezobunjiniyela
Uhlolo Lwezobunjiniyela Bobumbe
Ngaphambi kokukhetha isisekelo, umbiko wezobunjiniyela obuqondene nesayithi uyimpoqo. Lo mbiko unquma amandla okuthwala komhlabathi, ingozi yokuhlehlisa okungalingani, kanye namandla okwenza umhlabathi ube amanzi ngesikhathi somcimbi wokuzamazama komhlaba.
Ukuphathwa Kokudonsa Kwamanzi
Ngaphandle kohlobo lwesisekelo, amanzi ayisitha sengqalasizinda yethangi. Zonke izisekelo kumele zifake uhlelo lokudonsa amanzi oluyobunjiniyela (isibonelo, imisele yaseFrench ezungezile noma izindunduma ezihlelwe) ukukhipha amanzi angaphezulu kude nengxenye engezansi yethangi, ukuvimbela ukugcwala kwesisekelo.
Ukulawulwa Kokuhlehlisa
Amatafuleli amakhulu azwelana kakhulu nokuthi "ukugoba"—lapho ingxenye emaphakathi yethangi ihlehlisa kakhulu kunengxenye yangaphandle. Ukuqinisa kahle iphedi yesihlabathi yangaphakathi nokusetshenziswa kodonga oluqinile oluyindilinga yizilawuli ezijwayelekile zobunjiniyela ukunciphisa le ngozi.
4. Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa (FAQ)
Umbuzo: Ngingasebenzisa isisekelo somhlabathi setafula lamanzi elinamandla amakhulu?
Impendulo: Nakuba kungenzeka ngokomqondo, akuvame ukunconywa. Amatafulela amakhulu abeka imithwalo emikhulu edinga ukuqina okwakhiwe kwedwala elikhonkolo elizungezile ukuze kugcinwe ubujikelezo betafula futhi kuvinjelwe ingcindezi yomngcele wesisekelo.
Q: How do I choose between a slab and a ring wall?
A: Uma umthwalo wobumba unamandla aphansi, i-slab ivame ukukhethwa ukusabalalisa isisindo esiphelele sethangi endaweni enkulu. Uma umhlabathi uzinzile, i-ring wall ingabiza kancane futhi inikeze ukuvikelwa okungcono kwe-shell yethangi.
Q: Ingabe kudingeka i-waterproof membrane?
A: Ezindaweni eziningi zemvelo, i-geomembrane (i-HDPE liner) iyadingeka phakathi kwesisekelo kanye nomhlabathi wethangi ukuze kunikezwe ukuvalwa kwesibili futhi kuvikelwe isisekelo sensimbi ekukhalweni komhlabathi okunamandla.
Ukukhetha isisekelo sethangi esifanele kuyisilinganiso samandla e-geotechnical, ingozi yemvelo, nokuphathwa kwezimpahla zesikhathi eside. Ngenkathi izisekelo zamatshe namaslabi zinikeza izindleko zokuqala eziphansi, ukwethembeka kwesikhathi eside kwe-concrete ring wall noma isisekelo esiphakanyisiwe kungcono kakhulu kwengqalasizinda ebalulekile yezimboni kanye nomasipala. Njalo phambili idatha ye-geotechnical eyenzelwe indawo lapho uqedela umklamo wakho.
Ngabe usezigabeni zokuklama iphrojekthi yokugcina, futhi udinga usizo lokunquma izidingo ezithile zokuthwala umthwalo we-geotechnical zedayamitha ethile yethangi?
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