Amathangi Okugcina Amanzi Ahlanzekile Ensimbi Engagqwali: Impahla Nokuphela Kwendawo
Kwadalwa ngo 2025.12.25
Amathangi Okugcina Amanzi Ahlanzekile Ensimbi Engagqwali: Impahla Nokuqedwa Kwendawo
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi ahlanjululwe kuyinkinga yokulawula ukungcola: amanzi kufanele aphume ethangini engenazo izinto eziningi ezingaphezu kwalokho abengenakho lapho engena. I-Grade 304 ene-polished noma i-2B finish ibhekana namanzi amaningi ahlanjululwe kanye namanzi omkhiqizo we-RO; i-grade 316L iyimpendulo efanele yamanzi ane-chloride ephezulu, amanzi omthombo ane-brackish noma umfudlana wokuvuselela onolaka lwamakhemikhali. Izinto ezinqumayo zokucacisa i-surface finish kanye nokukhuluphala, amarekhodi okushisela kanye ne-passivation, kanye nendawo yomhwamuko engenakukwazi ukukhipha noma ukuthonsa emanzini. Ithangi eligcina amanzi ehlanzekile yilelo elinokushisela kwalo, i-finish kanye ne-vent okucaciswe ndawonye.
Isikhathi lapho isitshalo sicacisa khona amanzi ahlanzekile, ithangi lokugcina liyeka ukuba yisitsha futhi liba yingxenye yochungechunge lwekhwalithi yamanzi. Ukuvuza okuvela emthungweni wokushisela, ukudonsa okuvela kuphahla olujiyayo, noma ukuqhakaza kokugqwala okuvela endaweni engahlanzwanga kahle kwanele ukwehluleka umkhawulo wokuhamba kukagesi noma wekhabhoni ephilayo iyonke, futhi ukwehluleka kusolwa uhlelo lokwelapha kuyilapho imbangela iyithangi. Le ndatshana ihlanganisa isinqumo sezinto zokwakha nokuqedwa, ububanzi bokushisela nokuhlanza, indawo yomhwamuko nesiphephetha-moya, kanye nokuhlolwa kokuqalisa okufakazela ukuthi ithangi lizogcina amanzi ezingeni elifunekayo.
Umsebenzi we-low-ion nokuthi kungani indawo ibalulekile
Emshinisweni wamanzi ahlanjululwe ingaphakathi lomhlaba liyingxenye yenqubo, futhi ukungagqagqani yikho okubalulekile. Amanzi amile eduze komhlaba ongagqagqani abamba ifilimu elincanyana elingathwala i-iron, amabhaktheriya noma insalela ye-ejenti yokuhlanza, futhi yilelo filimu elincela kancane. Ukuqedwa okucwebezelisiwe noma kwe-2B okunomhlaba obushelelezi, ogqamile ngokuphelele womthungo kunikeza amanzi indawo angahlanjululwa kalula kuyo. Leso yisizathu sokucacisa ukuqedwa kanye nekhwalithi yomthungo njengezinombolo esikhundleni sokukushiya emazingeni omakhi, futhi yingakho iphakethe lokwamukelwa lihlanganisa umphumela womhlaba kanye nerekhodi le-passivation esikhundleni sokuhlolwa kwengcindezi kuphela.
I-passivation yiyo ebuyisela ungqimba lwe-chromium oxide ngaphakathi ngemuva kokwenziwa, futhi iyisinyathelo esihlukanisa ithangi elikhanyayo kwithangi elikhipha amabala emanzini ane-ion ephansi. Ngemuva kwe-passivation, ukugcwala kokugcina kufanele kube okuhlanzekile futhi kube okwenzelwe umsebenzi othile, hhayi ukwabiwa nomunye umsebenzi. Lezo zinto ezintathu — ukuqedwa, isimo sokushisela, i-passivation ngokugcwala okuhlanzekile — yizo okuncike kuzo isibopho sekhwalithi yamanzi.
304 noma 316L: umbuzo we-chloride
I-alloy ilandela i-chloride kanye nezinhlobo ezinolaka, futhi endaweni yokuhlanza amanzi ehlanzekile i-chloride ivamise ukuvela emanzini omsuka hhayi kumkhiqizo. I-304 iyimpendulo ejwayelekile yokuxhumana ne-RO permeate, amanzi ahlanziwe kanye namanzi ahlanzekile avamile, futhi yilokho izitshalo eziningi zemithi kanye nokudla ezikucacisa ngokuzenzakalelayo. I-316L iba ukukhetha okulungile lapho amanzi omsuka anomunyu noma ane-chloride ephezulu futhi i-chloride ingafinyelela ethangini, lapho ikhemikhali yokuvuselela noma yokuhlanza inolaka, noma lapho isitshalo sihlezi endaweni ene-chloride ehlasela ingaphandle kanye nezinga eliphezulu. Ikhontenthu ephansi yekhabhoni ku-316L iphinde ivikele indawo ethintekile ukushisa lapho amaphaneli ashiselwa khona.
Ngokuhlanzeka okuphezulu kakhulu ingxoxo ihluka futhi: isidingo siwukuncipha okuphezulu kanye nendawo yokuqedwa ephezulu enokufakwa uphawu okufanele, futhi zombili izigaba zingakwazi ukuhlangabezana nakho ngokuqedwa okufanele. Lapho umthamo mkhulu futhi ikhemistri inobungozi, ithangi lensimbi elihlanganiswe nengilazi liyindlela esemthethweni enendawo engaphansi kwe-Ra 0.8 µm kanye ne-enamel engasebenzi ku-pH 1–14, kodwa endaweni yokuxhumana ehlanzekile ngempela indlela yensimbi engagqwali iyona ehlelo olufakazelwe oluzoyicela.
Ukushisela, ukuqedwa kanye nendawo yomhwamuko
Ama-weld endaweni yokuxhumana awumsebenzi wokuqedela nje kuphela, kodwa futhi awumsebenzi wokuhlanganisa. I-weld egcwele ngokuphelele egayiwe yaze yaba yisimo esibushelelezi, ngaphandle kokugqagqana, ngaphandle kokugawulwa ngaphansi nangaphandle kwe-oxide engakalungiswa nge-passivation, iyisisekelo. Ama-weld asensimini ethangini elihlanganiswe endaweni adinga ukuhlolwa okungabhubhisi ngaphambi kokuqalisa ukusebenza, futhi inqubo namarekhodi okufaneleka komshini wokushisela kufanele kube sefayeleni yokudlulisela. Lapho ithangi lakhiwe ngamaphaneli aboshiwe, irekhodi elifanayo iyisitifiketi sempahla yephaneli, ilogi yokuhlangana kwe-enamel kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-spark ye-1500 V DC esikhundleni samarekhodi e-weld.
Isikhala somhwamuko ingxenye enye. Ithangi eligcina amanzi ahlanjululwe esitshalweni esifudumele lijiya ophahleni nasegobolweni elingaphezu komugqa woketshezi, futhi lokho kudonsa kubuyela ngqo emanzini. Impendulo iw uphahla oluvikelwe ngokushisa nolugcinwa lumbozwe umhwamuko kanye nendlela yokukhipha umoya ehlungiwe futhi elinganiselwe ukugcwaliswa nokuphefumula kokushisa, hhayi isiphefumuli esivulekile. Lapho uhlelo luvaliwe ukuze kulawulwe ukuhamba kukagesi, isikhala sekhanda esimbozwe nge-nitrogen eyomile noma umoya owomile onesibonisi sezinga lokomisa kususa ngokuphelele umbuzo wokujiya, futhi indlela yokukhipha umoya nokukhulula ibe seyinganiselwe ukuze ihambisane nokugeleza kokumboza hhayi ukufuduka kokugcwalisa.
Ukucaciswa Kobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Inothi |
Insizakalo | I-RO permeate, amanzi a-deionised futhi ahlanzekile | umsebenzi wokuxhumana we-low-ion |
I-Alloy 304 | ukuxhumana namanzi ahlanzekile avamile | izinga lensimbi elijwayelekile |
Ingxubevange 316L | umthombo onosawoti noma one-chloride ephezulu, ukuhlaziya okunamandla | ene-molybdenum, ikhabhoni ephansi |
Ukuqedwa kwendawo | 2B noma epholishiwe | kucaciswa njengenani, hhayi incazelo |
Isimo sokushisela | ukungena okuphelele, ukugaywa kuze kulingane, akukho kweqayo | umsebenzi wokuqedela endaweni yokuxhumana |
Ukushisela kwensimu | non-destructive examination before commissioning | records in the handover file |
I-Passivation | ngemuva kokwenziwa, ngokuhlanza okukhethekile okuhlanzekile | irekhodi lokwamukela |
isikhala somhwamuko | uphahla oluvikelwe ngomhwamuko olufakwe i-insulation, umoya ohlungiwe | kuvimbela ukudonsa emuva emanzini |
Inketho yesembozo | umoya owomile noma i-nitrogen enokuhlola i-dew point | lapho i-conductivity kufanele igcinwe khona |
Ikilasi lengcindezi | i-atmospheric to low pressure | uphahla nendawo yokuphefumula kuchaza umngcele |
Ukubopha ngezibophelelo, inketho yokubopha ngezibophelelo | amabhawodi e-8.8-grade, amalunga ahlanganisiwe | ilunga elihlolwayo |
Enye indlela ye-Enamel | i-inert kuyo yonke i-pH 1–14, i-Ra < 0.8 µm | okunye okungenziwa ezingeni elikhulu |
Ukwethula nokuhlolwa okugcina ukucaciswa
Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kuhlu lokuhlola olunamanzi asezingeni lokugcina. Qinisekisa i-alloy ngokumelene nesitifiketi sempahla, rekhoda ukuqedwa kwendawo, qoqa inqubo yokushisela namarekhodi e-NDT kanye namarekhodi e-passivation nokugezwa kokugcina, hlola isimo sokushisela ngokuhlola, qinisekisa ukuthi ilungiselelo lokuhlanza endaweni noma lokugeza lifinyelela esigabeni sophahla, hlola isiphephetha-moya nesihlungi saso, futhi hlola ithuluzi lezinga. Bese ugcwalisa futhi uhlole: thatha isampula ye-conductivity noma ye-TOC ngemva kokuba ithangi selixhumane namanzi isikhathi sokucwiliswa okuvunyelwene ngaso, ngoba ithangi elidlulayo ngosuku lokuqala bese lihluleka ngosuku lwesithathu lininkinga yendawo noma ye-passivation hhayi inkinga yokwelashwa.
Ngemva kokunikezwa ngokusedlula, inqubo ilula futhi icacile: i-gasket kunoma yimuphi umhlangano ovuliwe, isihlungi somoya, isimo sesikhala sengqondo uma ithangi lihlolwa, ingaphandle lesigaba esiphezulu lapho umoya we-chloride ugqamisa i-alloy, kanye nesampula yamanzi ngezikhathi ezithile esivele isohlelweni lokuhlola lwesitshalo. Ithangi lamanzi ahlanziwe ligcinwa ngamarekhodi alo kanye nesimo salo, ngakho-ke amarekhodi e-passivation nokuhlanza kufanele agcinwe kanye namadrowa okwakhiwa njengoba ayenjalo.
Icala Lomsebenzi
Iphrojekthi | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Amathangi ensimbi engagqwali | Malaysia | amathangi ensimbi engagqwali | 815 m³ | ukuhlinzekwa kwamasistimu amathangi ensimbi engagqwali |
Ithangi lensimbi engagqwali | Tunisia | ithangi lensimbi engagqwali | 846 m³ | isevisi yamanzi angcolile ezindwangu |
Ithangi lensimbi engagqwali | Czech Republic | ithangi lensimbi engagqwali | 647 m³ | ukuhlinzekwa kwegobolondo lensimbi engagqwali elishiselwe |
Ithangi lamanzi elikhulu lobubanzi | Namibia | Ithangi le-GFS | 44,900 m³ | ukuhlinzeka nokuqondisa |
Ikhono Lobunjiniyela Be-Center Enamel
UCenter Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isungule futhi yakha amathangi okugcina anezibophezelo kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi ensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ehlanganiswe ne-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka amathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kukhuliswe umthamo wokukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, i-WRAS, i-FDA, i-LFGB, i-CE (EN 1090), i-ISO 28765, i-FM, i-BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukuklama kubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo lokusebenza ludinga khona.
Ngemsebenzi wamanzi ahlanziwe, ikhono elifanele iyingxubevange kanye nobubanzi bokuqedwa okunerekhodi le-passivation, ukuqedwa kwemithungo kanye nobubanzi be-NDT, kanye nokwelashwa kwesikhala somhwamuko — uphahla oluvikelwe, umoya ohlungiwe, noma isikhala sekhanda esimbozwe ngesembozo esinokuhlola i-dew point — okulethwa kanye negobolondo.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Iyiphi ingxubevange yokugcina amanzi ahlanziwe?
Impendulo 1: I-304 enokuqedwa okucwebezelisiwe noma kwe-2B kakhulu kwe-RO permeate namanzi ahlanziwe. Khetha i-316L lapho umthombo wamanzi unomunyu noma une-chloride ephezulu, noma lapho ikhemikhali yokuvuselela inolaka.
Umbuzo 2: Kungani ukungalingani kobuso kubaluleke kangaka?
A2: Ngoba indawo emangelengele ibamba ifilimu engangena emanzini ane-low-ion futhi ukuhlanza kungase kungayisusi ngokuphelele. Chaza ukuqedwa njengenani futhi uqinisekise ngaphambi kokuthi ithangi ligcwaliswe.
Q3: Yini okufanele iboniswe yimithungo?
A3: Ukungena okuphelele kokugaywa komhlabathi ngaphandle kokudlula endaweni yokuxhumana, ukuhlolwa okungonakalisiyo kwemithungo yasensimini, kanye nerekhodi le-passivation ngemuva kokwakhiwa ngokuhlanza okukhethekile okuhlanzekile.
Q4: Ingabe inkinga yesikhala somhwamuko kuthangi lamanzi ahlanzekile?
A4: Yebo. Amanzi ahlanzekile afudumele ajikijela ophahleni nangaphezulu komugqa woketshezi, futhi ukudonsa kubuyela emanzini. Faka i-insulation futhi uvale umhwamuko ophahleni, futhi usebenzise indawo yokuphefumula ehlungiwe noma ingubo eyomile.
Q5: Ingabe ithangi lensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi lingasetshenziswa?
A5: Ezingeni elikhulu lapho ikhemistri ingenangozi, i-enamel ayisebenzi futhi ingaphezulu lingaphansi kwe-Ra 0.8 µm. Ukuze kube nendawo yokuxhumana ehlanzekile eqinisekisiwe, insimbi engagqwali ngokuvamile iyilokho okudingwa uhlelo.
Q6: Ithangi lamukelwa kanjani ekusungulweni?
A6: Ngokuligcwalisa nokuhlola amanzi ngemva kwesikhathi sokuxhumana okuvunyelwene ngaso. Isampula elidlulayo ngosuku lokuqala bese yehluleka ngosuku lwesithathu ikhombisa inkinga yendawo noma yokwenziwa kwe-passivation hhayi inkinga yokwelashwa.
Q7: Yikuphi ukuhlolwa okuvamile?
A7: I-gasket emihlanganweni evuliwe, isihlungi somoya, isikhala sengqondo kunoma yikuphi ukungena, ingaphandle lesigaba esiphezulu lapho i-chloride ikhona, kanye nokuhlolwa kwamanzi ngezikhathi ezithile osekuvele kuhlelo lwesitshalo.
Ithangi lokugcina amanzi ahlanzekile ensimbi engagqwali ligcina ukucaciswa kwalo lapho ingxubevange ihambisana ne-chloride, ukuqedwa nokushisela kuqediwe kunokuba kwenziwe nje, i-passivation nokugezwa kurekhodiwe, futhi indawo yomhwamuko ayikwazi ukudonsela emuva emanzini. Lezo zinqumo ezine zenzeka esigabeni sokudweba; konke okulandela lokho ukuqinisekisa.
Sithumele imininingwane yamanzi, i-chloride yamanzi omsuka, umthamo kanye nokuhlelwa kwesikhala esiphezulu, futhi sizobuyisela isincomo se-alloy nokuqedwa, ububanzi bokushisela nokuhlanza, isiphakamiso somoya noma se-blanket, kanye nephakethe yefayela lobuchwepheshe.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Sitshele umkhawulo we-conductivity noma we-TOC okufanele uwugcine nokuthi i-chloride ivela kuphi, futhi sizocacisa ithangi ngokuzungezile. Uzothola ukukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nezizathu zako, ukuqedwa nobubanzi bokushisela, ukwelashwa kwesikhala somhwamuko, kanye nemidwebo yokubuyekezwa. Impendulo yobunjiniyela kuqala, akukho siphoqo.
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