Amathangi e-Insimbi Engagqwali Yezindlu Zezinkukhu: ukukhethwa kwezinto zokwakha emsebenzini we-ammonia ephezulu
Kwadalwa ngo 02.12
Amathangi Amanzi Angcolile Ezinkukhu Ensimbi Engagqwali: ukukhetha impahla yomsebenzi we-ammonia ephezulu
Amanzi angcolile ezinkukhu ane-ammonia ephezulu, izinto eziqinile kanye nomthwalo we-organic, futhi agcinwa eduze kwendawo yesibaya esinomswakama, efudumele futhi ecebile nge-ammonia, okuyingxube enzima yensimbi. I-Grade 304 ngokuvamile iyisinqumo esifanele ohlangothini lwamanzi; i-grade 316L iyafaneleka lapho i-chloride iphezulu noma umoya unzima. Ingaphakathi lensimbi engagqwali likhethwa lapho umsebenzi edinga indawo ehlanzekayo, engahambi; emthonjeni omkhulu ithangi lensimbi elihlanganiswe nengilazi elinongqimba lwe-enamel elingasebenzi ku-pH 1–14 ngokuvamile linenani elingcono ngendawo engaphansi kwe-Ra 0.8 µm. Izinto zokuklama ezinquma impilo yesevisi yindawo yekhanda ephethe i-ammonia, ukukhishwa kwezinto eziqinile ezihlala phansi, kanye nokulawulwa kwezinga okuvimbela ukuchichima.
Ithangi lezindle lasepulazini lihlala endaweni enzima kakhulu kunazo zonke lapho ithangi lingabekwa khona. Isibaya esingaphezulu noma esiseduze nalo sinesimo sezulu esiswakeme njalo, esifudumele, esigcwele i-ammonia, futhi uketshezi olungaphakathi luyingxube yezinto zokulala, ubulongwe, izimpaphe namanzi okugeza okuhlehla ngokushesha futhi kungene emoyeni ongenawo umoya. Insimbi kuleyo ngxube ibola engxenyeni ephezulu nasezingeni loketshezi, futhi i-coating eyayikhethelwe umsebenzi wokucwiliswa ivamise ukusebenza kabi emkhathini womhwamuko ongaphezulu koketshezi. Le ndatshana ikhuluma ngombuzo we-alloy, izindlela zokubola, ukuhlehla nokuhlanza, kanye nokuhlolwa okugcina ithangi lezindle lasepulazini lisebenza.
Yini ngempela egqwalayo ithangi
Kumsebenzi wamanzi angcolile ezinkukhu kunezindlela ezintathu zokugqwala futhi zidinga izimpendulo ezintathu ezihlukene. Eyokuqala inguketshezi: i-ammonium, i-organic acid ne-sulphide esendlalelo esiphansi esihlala simile futhi singenamoya zihlasela insimbi engamboziwe emgqeni woketshezi nangaphansi kwentlenga. Eyesibili indawo yomhwamuko: i-ammonia ne-hydrogen sulphide emoyeni onomswakama zihlasela insimbi engaphezulu komgqeni woketshezi, futhi kwezinye izimo ziyihlasela ngokushesha ukwedlula uketshezi. Eyesithathu ingaphandle, okuthi epulazini lithathe amanzi okugeza, i-ammonia evela esibayeni futhi, endaweni esogwini noma enamanzi aqinile, i-chloride.
Impendulo ye-enamel ibamba uketshezi nendawo yokuxhumana ngokuphelele, ngoba ungqimba luhlanganiswa ku-820–930 °C lube ngu-0.25–0.45 mm, alunasikhathi ku-pH 1–14, futhi luhlolwa nge-spark ku-1500 V DC ngemva kokuhlanganiswa. Endleleni ye-stainless, i-304 ibamba umsebenzi ojwayelekile kanti i-316L iyimpendulo efanele lapho kukhona i-chloride noma isigaba esine-asidi enamandla. I-hot-dip galvanising ayiyona into efanele lapha: i-zinc ihlaselwa i-ammonia nesigaba se-asidi, futhi ukuhamba kwe-zinc akwamukeleki emfudlaneni wamanzi angcolile ongase usetshenziswe emhlabathini.
Isinqumo se-alloy nokuthi insimbi engagqwali izuza kuphi izindleko zayo
I-stainless iwukukhetha okulungile lapho umsebenzi edinga indawo yensimbi ehlanzekayo, engadluli, futhi umthamo ulinganiselwe. Lokho kuyisimo esijwayelekile: ithangi lokugeza isibaya, ithangi lokudla le-lagoon, isitsha sokulinganisa nokuhlanjululwa, noma i-reactor yokwelapha lapho uketshezi lunamandla futhi indlela yokuhlanza ijwayelekile. I-304 ene-2B noma i-polished finish ibamba icala elijwayelekile; i-316L ibamba i-chloride evela endaweni yasogwini, emanzini anenkani, noma enqubweni engeza usawoti.
Lapho umthamo mkhulu — ithangi lokugcina imfucuza elabiwe, isitsha sokulinganisa sendawo yokwelapha — isiqhathaniso esithembekile siya ku-glass-fused-to-steel, okuvame ukuba yinani elingcono esikalini, inendawo engaphansi kwe-Ra 0.8 µm emelana nokugcinwa kwezinto eziqinile, futhi itholakala ngefomethi eboshiwe efinyelela ipulazi elikude ngaphandle kwezokuthutha ezinzima. Ukuhlelwa okuxubile kuvamile endaweni eyodwa: ukugcina okukhulu ku-enamel, izitsha ezincane zokuxhumana nokulinganisa ku-stainless.
I-geometry, ukuhlehla nokuhlanza okubalulekile
Izinsalela zamanzi ezinamafutha ezinkukhu zihlala ngokushesha, ngakho-ke ukuma kwethangi kunquma ukuthi liyawagcina yini umthamo walo. Ungqimba olungaphansi olufana nodaka luthatha umthamo wangempela phakathi namasonto ambalwa futhi, uma lushiywa, luhamba ngaphandle komoya, lunuke futhi luqale ukugqwala phansi. Izinketho ezingokoqobo iwukuthambeka okuncane okuya endaweni yokugeza enomugqa wokugeza, isisekelo esiyisiconeke lapho umsebenzi efuna ukukhipha konke, noma isisekelo esicaba esinokukhipha okuhleliwe kanye nokugovuza okugcina izinsalela zinyakaza ngokwanele ukuthi zingapontshwa.
Imininingwane emibili inquma ukuthi ukuhlanza kuyasebenza yini. Eyokuqala indawo yokuphuma: ukudonsa endaweni engakwazi ukuthatha umbhede oqinile ungene empompini, nokugeza endaweni ephansi kakhulu yongqimba oluhlezi phansi. Eyesibili ukugovuza: ukuxuba ngomshini noma ngegesi okulinganiselwe ukugcina umbhede unyakaza ngaphandle kokudonsela izinsalela emanzini aphumayo, ngoba ithangi lasepulazini okufanele likhishwe nge-backhoe yithangi elizokhishwa nge-backhoe kanye ngonyaka.
Incazelo Yezobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Qaphela |
I-Alloy 304 | amanzi angcolile ezinkukhu avamile kanye nokugezwa kwesibaya | izinga elijwayelekile lensimbi engagqwali |
I-Alloy 316L | i-chloride, amanzi aqinile noma isigaba esine-asidi enamandla | ene-molybdenum, i-carbon ephansi |
Ukuqedwa kwendawo | 2B noma epholishiwe, iphrofayili yokushisela ebushelelezi | indawo yokuxhumana ehlanzekayo |
Isikhala somhwamuko | i-ammonia ne-H₂S emoyeni onomswakama | indlela yokugqwala esheshayo epulazini |
Umugqa woketshezi | izinto eziqinile ezihlala phansi ngaphandle komoya | ukugqwala ngaphansi kwentlenga |
Enye indlela ye-Enamel | ayisebenzi ku-pH 1–14, i-Ra < 0.8 µm | ngokuvamile inani elingcono ngevolumu enkulu |
Izinga lokuncibilika kwe-Enamel | 820–930 °C | umjikelezo owodwa wokuncibilika kokushisa |
Ubukhulu bongqimba lwe-Enamel | 0.25–0.45 mm | Ukuhlolwa kwenhlansi ye-1500 V DC ngemva kokuhlanganiswa |
Phansi | isicaba esinokugezwa, noma i-cone | kunquma ukukhishwa kokungcola kanye nensalela |
Indawo yokuphuma | ibekwe ukuze igweme ukuthatha indawo eqinile | ivikela iphampu |
Ukunyakazisa | okomshini noma kwegesi, okulinganiswe ukugcina indawo inyakaza | kuvimbela ukuvakasha kwe-backhoe minyaka yonke |
Ikilasi lengcindezi | i-atmospheric kuya ekucindezelweni okuphansi | uphahla nendawo yokukhipha umoya kuchaza umngcele |
Impilo yokuklama | okungenani iminyaka engama-30 | ngaphansi kwenkonzo yepulazi ecacisiwe |
Ukukhipha umoya, ukulawula izinga kanye nengozi yokuchichima
Ithangi lasepulazini ngokuvamile libekwa kude nendawo yokubona yomsebenzi, okwenza umoya kanye nethuluzi lezinga kube yizinto zokuphepha kunokuba kube izinto ezilula. Ukugcwalisa kususa umoya, ithangi liphefumula ngomjikelezo wokushisa kwesibaya futhi isikhala somhwamuko sithwala i-ammonia ne-methane evela ezintweni eziqinile ezihlalile, ngakho-ke umoya noma ukukhululeka kwengcindezi ne-vacuum okulinganiselwe izinga eliphezulu lokugcwalisa kuyadingeka. Lapho isikhala sengqondo sivalelwe ukunuka, insimbi yophahla iyisigaba sokugqwala sayo, futhi uphahla lwe-membrane olungangenisi umoya olune-membrane yangaphakathi engcindezi ejwayelekile cishe ku-2–3 kPa kanye nethuluzi lokukhululeka iyimpendulo ejwayelekile.
Ukulawula izinga yikho okuvimbela ukuchichima okugcina kusolwa ithangi lepulazi. Ithuluzi lezinga elinokuboniswa kude, isexwayiso sezinga eliphezulu kanye nenqubo ecacisiwe yokukhipha amanzi — umuntu oqokiwe onomthwalo wemfanelo kanye noxhumo lwepayipi elingathwala umthwalo — kuguqula ithangi libe yisiqukathi. Leyo yinto yokulawula, kodwa ifanele ukuba sesicacisweni sethangi ngoba iyinto evimbela ithangi lamanzi angcolile asepulazini ukuba libe yisigameko semvelo.
Icala Lomsebenzi
Umsebenzi | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Amathangi amanzi angcolile asepulazini lezilwane | Canada | Amathangi e-GFS | inkonzo yamanzi angcolile emfuyo | ukuhlinzeka nokugada |
Amathangi okufuya izinhlanzi, amayunithi angu-7 | China, Yunnan | Amathangi e-GFS | 11,603 m³ isiyonke | ukuhlinzeka nokugada |
Amathangi epulazi kanye ne-aquaculture | China, Shandong | Amathangi e-GFS | amanzi olwandle kanye nensizakalo ye-aquaculture | ukuhlinzeka nokuhlanganisa endaweni |
Ingxenye ye-Anaerobic yamanzi angcolile okucubungula ubhontshisi | China, Hebei | Amathangi e-GFS digester | isigaba senqubo ye-anaerobic | ukuhlinzeka ngamathangi kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwenqubo |
Ikhono Lobunjiniyela le-Center Enamel
UCenter Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isungule futhi yakha amathangi okugcina anezibophezelo kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi ensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi angu-300,000 ahlanganiswe ne-enamel ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kuka-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukukhulisa umthamo wokukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, i-WRAS, i-FDA, i-LFGB, i-CE (EN 1090), i-ISO 28765, i-FM, i-BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukuklama kubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo lokusetshenziswa ludinga khona.
Emandini okungcola ezinkukhu nemfuyo, ikhono elifanele iwuhlu oluphelele lwezinto zokwakha lwesizinda esisodwa: insimbi engagqwali i-304 ne-316L yemikhumbi yokuxhumana nokulinganisa, ingilazi ehlanganiswe nensimbi yokugcina okukhulu, kanye nophahla, umoya kanye nomngcele wokukhulula ohlinzekwa kanye nogobolondo ukuze indawo yekhanda ephethe i-ammonia ilashwe kusukela ekuqaleni.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Q1: Kungani kusetshenziswa insimbi engagqwali (stainless) esikhundleni sensimbi egqwaliwe (galvanised) epulazini?
A1: Ngoba i-ammonia kanye nesigaba se-asidi kuhlasela i-zinc ngokushesha, futhi ngoba umfudlana wamanzi angcolile ongase usetshenziswe emhlabathini akufanele uthathe i-zinc. I-enamel noma insimbi engagqwali iyisixazululo esihlala isikhathi eside emsebenzini one-ammonia ephezulu.
Q2: I-304 noma i-316L yamanzi angcolile ezinkukhu?
A2: I-304 esimweni esivamile; i-316L lapho i-chloride iphezulu, amanzi aqinile futhi anosawoti, noma uketshezi lunamandla e-asidi. Chaza isizathu encazelweni kunokuba usize ngokuzenzakalela.
Q3: Ingabe ithangi lensimbi engagqwali liyadingeka nhlobo?
A3: Hhayi kuyo yonke imisebenzi. Emthamelini omkhulu ithangi lensimbi elihlanganiswe nengilazi ngokuvamile linenani elingcono ngendawo engasebenzi; insimbi engagqwali ithethekelwa isidingo sokuxhumana kwensimbi, uketshezi olunamandla noma izinga eliphezulu lokuhlanza.
Q4: Isendlalelo sezinto eziqinile ezihlale phansi siphathwa kanjani?
A4: Ngokwakheka kwaphansi kanye nendawo yokuphuma ekw Lagekayo ukuyihlanza: umthambeka oya endaweni yokugeza, ikhoni lapho kufuneka kukhishwe konke, noma ukunyakazisa okugcina umbhede unyakaza ngokwanele ukuze kudonswe. Ukukhipha okuhleliwe kwedlula ukumba kanye ngonyaka.
Q5: Ingabe isikhala somhwamuko sidinga ukwelashwa?
A5: Yebo. I-ammonia ne-hydrogen sulphide emoyeni onomswakama zihlasela insimbi engaphezulu komugqa woketshezi ngokushesha kunoketshezi uqobo. Khipha umoya esikhaleni sengqondo, vikela insimbi yophahla, futhi uphathe uphahla njengekilasi lokugqwala ngokwalo.
Umbuzo 6: Yini evimbela ithangi lasepulazini ukuthi ligcwale?
A6: Ithuluzi lezinga elinokubonisa kude kanye ne-alamu yezinga eliphezulu, kanye neprotocol yokukhipha eqanjiwe kanye nokuxhumana kwepayipi elingathwala umthwalo. Ithangi lodwa alikwazi ukuphatha ukugcwaliswa okungabhekwa muntu.
Q7: Yini uhlelo lokuhlola?
A7: I-coating yangaphandle namakhanda amabhawudi, i-gasket emajoyintini avuliwe, i-vent ne-relief, ithuluzi lezinga, ukujula okuhleliwe lapho kungenalutho ngakunye, kanye nokuhlolwa kabusha kwe-spark noma ukubheka kwangaphakathi ngemuva kwanoma yiliphi iphaneli elivuliwe.
Ithangi lamanzi angcolile epulazini lezinkukhu liyaphumelela lapho i-alloy ihambisana ne-chemistry, umgogodla ungagcwaliswa, isikhala sengqondo selashwa i-ammonia, futhi izinga liqashwe umuntu ongalibona. Hlanganisa lezo zinto ezine futhi ithangi linyamalale emisebenzini yasepulazini; shiya noma yikuphi kuzo futhi liba ukugubha kwaminyaka yonke.
Sithumele isimo samanzi angcolile, umthamo, ukuhlelwa kwesibaya kanye nomzila wokukhipha amanzi, futhi sizobuyisela isincomo sezinto ezisetshenziswayo kanye nezizathu zaso, ukuhlelwa kwaphansi nendawo yokuphuma, isiphakamiso somoya kanye nephakethe lefayela lobuchwepheshe.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Sitshele ukuthi ithangi ligcina ini, lingakanani futhi ngaphansi kwaziphi izimo zesibaya, futhi sizokucacisela kanye nawe. Uzothola izizathu ze-alloy, ukwakheka kanye nomklamo wokuhlanza, isincomo sokulawula izinga, imidwebo yokubuyekezwa kanye nombono othembekile wokuthi ingabe i-stainless iyisikhathi esifanele sokuchitha imali. Ubunjiniyela kuqala, akukho siphoqo.
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