Amathangi Okugcina Okusanhlamvu nge-Enamel Ekhwalithi Ephezulu Okwemisebenzi Yokugcina Okusanhlamvu Ngobuningi
Kwadalwa ngo 09.04
Amathangi Okugcina Okusanhlamvu Ekhwalithi Ephezulu Okugcina Okusanhlamvu Ngobuningi
Amathangi okugcina okusanhlamvu e-enamel ekhwalithi ephezulu axazulula inkinga yokuthi okusanhlamvu kumunca umswakama, kuyahlikihla futhi kulula ukungcola: ingaphakathi lephaneli yensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi linesendlalelo se-enamel esihlanganiswe ku-820–930 °C saba ijazi elingu-0.25–0.45 mm, alisebenzi ku-pH 1–14, linendawo engaphansi kwe-Ra 0.8 µm emelana nokunamathela, futhi lihlolwa nge-spark ku-1500 V DC ngemva kokuhlanganiswa. Okusanhlamvu akuthinti insimbi engenalutho, okusanhlamvu okumanzi akukwazi ukuqala iseli lokugqwala ngokumelene nolwelwesi, futhi iphaneli noma i-gasket ingashintshwa ngaphandle kokukhipha i-silo emsebenzini. I-cone uma iqhathaniswa ne-flat bottom, ukuventa okuhlungiwe kanye nokufakwa kwe-insulation ophahleni kunquma ukuhlanjululwa kanye nekhwalithi yokusanhlamvu ngaphezu kwalokho okwenziwa yinto yegobolondo.
Ithangi lokugcina okusanhlamvu kufanele ligcine umkhiqizo webhayoloji endaweni elawulwayo izinyanga eziningi, futhi kufanele likwenze lokho phakathi nenkathi yemvula, igagasi lokushisa kanye nengcindezi yezinambuzane eziyothola noma yikuphi ukukhosela. Ugebhezi lwensimbi yingxenye elula. Okunquma ukuthi isitokwe esigciniwe sigcina izinga laso indawo yangaphakathi kanye nendlela i-silo evulelwa ngayo futhi ithululwe ngayo: udonga olumahhadla lubamba okusanhlamvu okumanzi okuqala ngokuthula indawo efudumele, isivulelo esingahluziwe siletha umoya omanzi njalo lapho izinga lehla, futhi i-silo engakwazi ukuthululwa ishiya insalela evundisa ukulethwa okulandelayo. Le ndatshana ihlanganisa icala le-enamel lokusanhlamvu, isinqumo sejometri, imininingwane yesivulelo nophahla, kanye nohlelo lokuhlola.
Kungani uqweqwe lwamafutha lufanele ukuthintana nokusanhlamvu
I-glass-fused-to-steel inika indawo yokuxhumana ebushelelezi, engasebenzi, ehlanzekayo ngesikhathi eside, okuyinto edingwa ukugcinwa kwezinhlamvu. I-enamel ixutshwa nensimbi ngomjikelezo owodwa wokushisa okuphezulu ku-820–930 °C, ikhiqiza ungqimba lwe-0.25–0.45 mm olulinganiselwa ngaphezu kwe-3,450 N/cm², olungenazo izinto zamakhemikhali ku-pH 1–14, olunobukhulu obungaphansi kwe-Ra 0.8 µm. Leyo ndlela yokuqedela iyona evimbela izinhlamvu ezimanzi ukuthi zinganamatheli odongeni futhi eyenza ukugezwa phakathi kwemikhankaso kube umsebenzi omfushane esikhundleni somsebenzi wezinsuku ezimbili wamatshe okukhuphuka. Iphinde isuse ukusebenzisana kokugqwala: ngisho noma kwakheka isikhwama esimanzi esendaweni ethile, izinhlamvu azixhumani nensimbi ezogqwala zingene emkhiqizweni.
Amathuba okwehluleka aqondene ne-enamel i-delamination ne-pinhole, futhi womabili ayizilawuli zokukhiqiza hhayi imiphumela yasensimini, yingakho ukuhlolwa kwe-spark ye-1500 V DC ngemva kokuhlanganiswa kubalulekile. Igobolondo eliboshiwe linikeza umnikazi into i-silo eshiselwe engenayo: amajoyinti ahlolwayo, i-torque yebhawodi echaziwe okufanele ihlolwe, kanye nekhono lokuphakamisa iphaneli bese uhlola kabusha ngaphandle kokusika isakhiwo. Amathangi angawodwa anikezwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³, futhi ububanzi bamaphaneli obuseduze no-1.2 m bugcina icala lokuthutha nokwakha lilawuleka endaweni yasemakhaya.
Ikhoni ngokuqhathanisa nophansi oyisicaba, kanye nensalela ebalulekile
Isisekelo esingezansi sinquma ukuthi isilo sigcina okusanhlamvu okungakanani uma siphela, futhi insalela egciniwe inquma iqoqo elilandelayo. Isisekelo esiyicone noma esiyi-hopper sinikeza izinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokuhlanza ngensalela encane kakhulu, ngoba amandla adonsela phansi ahambisa yonke impahla iye endaweni eyodwa yokuphuma. Kubiza isisekelo esijulile nesakhiwo eside, futhi kudinga ilungiselelo lokukhipha elingakwazi ukubhekana nezinga eliphezulu. Isisekelo esiyisicaba sibiza kancane ukwakha, sishesha ukumiswa, futhi silula ukulinganisa ukuze kube nokujula okufanayo; sithembele ekushelweni kokuphuma, ku-air slide noma ku-aerate pad ukuze kufinyelelwe ensaleleni encane. Okusanhlamvu okugelezayo endaweni enomthambeka omuhle kungahlanza kahle; ibhali, ukolweni onamakhoba amaningi, kanye nezinto eziswakeme kuzokwakha ibhuloho futhi kushiye ishalofu.
Ukushintsha ukusuka ku-cylindrical shell kuya ku-cone yilapho insalela idalwa khona. Yidwebe ibe bushelelezi futhi iqhubeke ngaphandle kwephansi elivundlile, ngaphandle kwamakhanda e-bolt amile ngokuziqhenya endleleni yempahla, kanye nomthambeka oqine ukwedlula i-angle of repose yempahla. Lezo zinto, ngaphezu kwempahla ye-shell, zinquma ukuthi i-silo ikhipha kahle yini noma idinga ifosholo ekushintsheni ngakunye. Uma okusanhlamvu kuzoya ku-malting, i-cone ngokuvamile iyisinqumo esifanele naphezu kokumba okujulile, ngoba i-heel yokusanhlamvu esidala iyingozi ye-germination kanye nezinambuzane kunokuba nje ukumosha.
Ukuphuma komoya, uphahla kanye nendlela yokujiya
Ama-silo okugcina okusanhlamvu aphefumula njalo, futhi isivuleli somoya sinquma ukuthi muphi umoya obuyayo ngaphakathi. Ukugcwalisa kukhipha umoya endaweni engaphezulu; ukuthulula kudonsa umoya ngaphakathi. Kokubili lokhu kugeleza kudlula kunoma yini uphahla olunikezayo, futhi isivuleli somoya esivulekile sizoshintshanisa umoya wesimo sezulu esinomswakama singene esilweni njalo lapho izinga lehla. Yilokho okubangela iningi lokuthathwa "okumangalisayo" komswakama okusanhlamvu okugciniwe. Impendulo efanele iwukukhululeka kwengcindezi nokungena komoya okunendlela ehlungiwe kuzo zombili izinhlangothi, okulinganiselwe ukukhishwa okuphezulu kwemijikelezo yokugcwalisa nokuthulula esikhundleni sokulinganisa okujwayelekile, kanye nengaphansi yophahla oluvikelwe umswakama olufakwe i-insulation ukuze insimbi ihlale ingaphezu kwezinga lokujiya kwangaphakathi futhi ingaconsi phezu kwengqimba ephezulu.
I-dome ye-aluminium eqinile ebhekiswe ku-AWWA D108 noma i-API 650 enomoya neqhwa elivela ku-ADM 2015 noma i-ASCE 7-10 iyindlela evamile eqinile endaweni encane yekhanda; uphahla lwe-membrane ezimbili olune-membrane yangaphakathi enengcindezi ebizwa nge-2–3 kPa ilungele indawo ende yekhanda futhi inikeza umngcele oqinile ngaphansi kwesisindo esiphansi sesakhiwo. Zombili ziboshelwa ebangeni eliphezulu legobolondo eliboshiwe, ngakho uphahla negobolondo zihlala kusethi eyodwa yedrowingi, futhi zombili zingashintshwa kamuva ngoba ukuxhumana kuboshiwe hhayi ukushisela.
Ukucaciswa Kobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Qaphela |
Izinga lokushisa lokuncibilika koqweqwe lwamafutha | 820–930 °C | ukuncibilika okukodwa kokushisa kuya kwisisekelo sensimbi |
Ubukhulu boqweqwe lwamafutha | 0.25–0.45 mm | Ukuhlolwa kwe-spark ye-1500 V DC ngemuva kokuhlanganiswa |
Amandla okucindezela oqweqwe lwamafutha | ngaphezu kuka-3,450 N/cm² | kukalwa ngoqweqwe lwamafutha |
Ukuphakama kwendawo yangaphakathi | Ra < 0.8 µm | imelana nokugcinwa kokusanhlamvu, kulula ukugeza |
Ukumelana ne-pH koqweqwe lwamafutha | 1–14 | engenakusabela phakathi kwezimo zokuxhumana okusanhlamvu |
Impilo yokuklama | okungenani iminyaka engama-30 | ngaphansi kwenkonzo yokusanhlamvu ebekiwe |
Ububanzi bephaneli | cishe u-1.2 m | iphaneli eliboshiwe, imikhumbi icaba, ukuhlangana okuhlolakayo |
Izinga lebhawudi | amabhawudi ezinga le-8.8 | ukuxhumana okuvimbela ukugqwala |
I-Gasket | I-EPDM evamile, iqinisekiswa ngokumelene nokusanhlamvu | iguga ngokushesha kunegobolondo |
Umoya | ukucindezelwa okuhlungiwe nokukhululeka kwe-vacuum | kulinganiselwe ukufuduka kokugcwalisa okuphezulu |
Ngaphansi kophahla | kufakwe i-insulation nge-vapour seal | kugcina indawo engaphezulu kwe-dew point |
Phansi | i-cone, noma ingaphansi oyisicaba esine-sweep noma i-aerate pad | i-cone inikeza insalela ephansi |
Ukuqalisa nokuhlola okuvikela izinga
Ukuqashwa kwethangi lokugcina okusanhlamvu kuba lula uma bekuhlelwe: hlola ukuhla kweringi ye-beam kanye nokuyindilinga kwekhosi yokuqala, qinisa amabhawodi ngenani elibekiwe kuwo wonke amajoyinti, hlola isihlalo se-gasket, hlola i-enamel ehlanganisiwe nge-spark test ku-1500 V DC, bese wenza umjikelezo wokugcwalisa nokukhipha ukuze uqinisekise ukukhishwa nokuziphatha komoya. Izinto ezimbili ezivame ukweqiwa i-re-torque ngemva kokugcwalisa kokuqala, lapho isihlalo se-gasket sizinza khona, kanye nokuhlolwa kwesihlungi somoya ngemva komkhankaso wokuqala othululayo. Kokubili kuyimisebenzi yesigamu sosuku evimbela isizini yokudlondlobala kwezinga okungachazwanga.
Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kube mnene futhi kuqondile: ukumbozwa kwangaphandle namakhanda ezibopheleli; i-gasket esemgodini wokungena nakuwo wonke amalunga avuliwe; ingaphansi kophahla kuyo yonke indawo engenalutho; isihlungi somoya kanye nokuhlelwa kokukhululwa ekushintsheni komkhankaso ngamunye; kanye nensalela yokukhipha. Lapho okusanhlamvu kuyi-malting barley, engeza ukuskena izinga lokushisa kwesisindo sokusanhlamvu lapho kuzolile, ngoba indawo efudumele iwuphawu lokuqala lokuthi umoya noma inqubo yokugcwalisa ayihambanga kahle, futhi kushibhile kakhulu ukusebenza ngalo ngesonto lokuqala kunasenyangeni yesithathu.
Icala Lomsebenzi
Umsebenzi | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Amathangi anobubanzi obukhulu, amayunithi amabili | China, Beijing | Amathangi e-GFS | 9,682 m³ | φ16.23 × 23.4 m, ukuhlinzeka nokugada |
Ithangi lamanzi anobubanzi obukhulu | Namibia | Ithangi le-GFS | 44,900 m³ | ukuhlinzeka nokugada |
Ithangi lamanzi okuphuza | I-Indonesia | Ithangi le-GFS | 21,099 m³ | φ42.04 × 15.2 m, ukuhlinzeka |
Stainless steel tank | I-Czech Republic | ithangi lensimbi engagqwali | 647 m³ | ukuhlinzekwa kwegobolondo lensimbi engagqwali ewelidiwe |
Ikhono Lobunjiniyela Be-Center Enamel
UCenter Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isungule futhi yakha amathangi okugcina anezibophezelo kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi ensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi angu-300,000 ahlanganiswe ne-enamel ngonyaka, isiqedile imisebenzi efakiwe engaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukukhulisa umthamo wokukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, i-WRAS, i-FDA, i-LFGB, i-CE (EN 1090), i-ISO 28765, i-FM, i-BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukuklama kubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, i-AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Ekugcinweni kokusanhlamvu, ububanzi obufanele yingaphakathi le-enamel kanye nerekhodi layo lokuhlolwa kwe-spark, igobolondo lamaphaneli aboshiwe elinamajoyinti ahlolwayo, kanye nophahla, i-vent ne-cone okulethwa kusethi eyodwa yomdwebo ukuze indawo yekhanda kanye nendlela yempahla kuchazwe ndawonye.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Kungani ukhetha ingaphakathi le-enamel lokusanhlamvu esikhundleni sensimbi ependiwe?
A1: Ngoba ingaphezulu lihlala lingaphansi kwe-Ra 0.8 µm, izinhlamvu ezimanzi azinamatheli odongeni, futhi i-enamel ayisebenzi. Lokho kususa kokubili ukusebenzisana kokugqwala kanye nenkinga yokuhlanza, okuyizinto ezimbili ezonakalisa ithangi lokugcina izinhlamvu.
Q2: Isisekelo esiyi-cone noma isisekelo esiyisicaba sesilo sokugcina izinhlamvu?
A2: Ikhoni lapho okusanhlamvu okugciniwe kubalulekile, ikhwalithi ye-malting ibalulekile, noma into iyahlangana; isisekelo esicaba esine-sweep noma i-aerate pad lapho okusanhlamvu kugeleza khona futhi izindleko zesisekelo zibalulekile. Hlola izinga lokuhlanza ngaphambi kokunquma.
Q3: Ingabe uphahla ludinga ukufakwa kwe-insulation?
A3: Yebo kokusanhlamvu. Uphahla olungafakwanga i-insulation luba nomswakama ngaphansi futhi ukudonsa kwamanzi kumanzisa ungqimba oluphezulu lweqoqo, okuyisiqalo sendawo efudumele. Indawo engaphansi efakwe i-insulation ne-vapour-sealed igcina insimbi ingaphezulu kwe-dew point.
Q4: Ingabe i-silo ye-enamel eboshiwe ingandiswa kamuva?
A4: Yebo. Amaphaneli engeziwe aphakamisa igobolondo, amabheyi engeziwe ayandisa, noma i-silo yesibili ingengezwa, futhi i-skirt eboshiwe isho ukuthi uphahla lungashintshwa futhi ngaphandle kokusika.
Umbuzo 5: Yini into yokulungisa iphaneli ne-gasket?
Impendulo 5: I-gasket iguga ngokushesha kunegobolondo. Yihlole emnyango wokungena nakuwo wonke amajoyinti avuliwe, phinda uqinise amabhawudi e-8.8-grade ngemva kokugcwaliswa kokuqala, futhi gcina isethi eyodwa yephaneli ne-gasket endaweni kusukela osukwini lokuqala.
Umbuzo 6: Ingabe i-stainless ingcono kakhulu okusanhlamvu?
Impendulo 6: I-304 stainless iyimpendulo efanele lapho inqubo idinga ingaphakathi lensimbi eliphelele noma ukuqedwa okuthile. Emthamelweni omkhulu i-enamel bolted silo ngokuvamile iyinzuzo engcono, futhi ijoyinti liyahlolwa.
Umbuzo 7: Kufanele ihlolwe kanjani i-silo yokusanhlamvu phakathi kwemikhankaso?
Impendulo 7: I-coating yangaphandle namakhanda amabhawudi, ingaphansi kophahla, i-gasket kumajoyinti avuliwe, isihlungi somoya nokulungiselelwa kokukhulula, kanye ne-discharge heel. Okusanhlamvu se-malting barley, engeza ukuskena kwezinga lokushisa lokusanhlamvu lapho kumile.
Amathangi okugcina okusanhlamvu ane-enamel yekhwalithi avikela isivuno hhayi nje insimbi. Ingaphezulu le-enamel ligcina okusanhlamvu kude nodonga futhi igobolondo eliboshiwe ligcina umhlangano uhlolakala; i-cone noma phansi oyisicaba kunquma ukukhishwa kokungcola, futhi i-vent ehlungiwe nophahla olufakwe i-insulation kunquma ukuthi indawo yekhanda iyasiza noma iyalimaza. Chaza lezo zinto ezine ndawonye futhi iqoqo liphuma lilingana.
Sithumele uhlobo lokusanhlamvu nesimo, ithani, indawo kanye nesidingo sokukhipha, futhi sizobuyisela ukulinganisa kwethangi, isiphakamiso se-cone noma phansi okuyisicaba, imininingwane yomoya nophahla, kanye nephakethe yefayela lobuchwepheshe.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Letha okusanhlamvu, umthamo womkhankaso kanye nesiza, futhi sizokulinganisa isilo kanye nawe. Uzothola isiphakamiso segobolondo nophahla, uhlelo lwe-gasket ne-vent, uhlu lokuhlola kanye nemidwebo yokubuyekeza. Ubunjiniyela kuqala, ngaphandle kwesibopho futhi ngaphandle kokudayisa ngamandla.
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