Izixazululo Zokuvalelwa Okunembile Izivalo Zesilo Yokugcina Izithasiselo Nemigcwalisi Yokwenza Okuphezulu
Kwadalwa ngo 02.06
Izixazululo Zokugcinwa Okunembile Izembozo Zezindawo Zokugcina Izithasiselo Nezinto Zokugcwalisa Ezisebenza Kahle
Ama-additive asebenza kahle kakhulu kanye nezinto zokugcwalisa zigcinwa kuma-silo lapho isembozo siwuhlelo lokuvikela umkhiqizo. Uphahla kufanele lungangeni uthuli ngesikhathi sokugcwalisa, luhlungwe ngesikhathi sokulinganisa umfutho, lungabi nakho ukujiya ngaphansi, futhi lulandelelane ngokwejiyometri ukusuka ku-cylindrical shell luye ku-cone ukuze kungabikho nto engaba nokunamathela futhi igcine ukungcola. I-silo yamaphaneli aboshiwe enophahla olune-gasket kanye ne-dome ye-aluminium eqinile noma ene-membrane ezimbili inikeza leso sikhwama; izinqumo ezimbili ezenza kusebenze i-vent ehlungiwe elinganiselwe ukukhishwa kokugcwalisa kanye ne-gasket material ehambisana ne-additive egciniwe. Cacisa isembozo kanye ne-shell kanye ne-cone, hhayi ngemuva kwazo, futhi i-silo igcina izinga layo phakathi nomkhankaso wonke.
Ukugcinwa kwezithako ezengezwayo nezokugcwalisa kwehluleka ngokuthule. I-silo igcwalisiwe, ivaliwe, uphahla lubukeka lulungile, futhi ngemva kwezinyanga ezintathu ilabhorethri yemboni ithola ukumuncwa komswakama, ukuhlangana kwezinhlayiya noma ukushintsha kombala ezintweni eziphumayo. Uphahla aluzange luvuze ngendlela evamile; okwenzile ukuphefumula umoya ongahluziwe ngokusebenzisa isikhala sokungena esingavalwanga kahle, futhi kwajuluka emanzini ngaphansi kwaso phakathi nesonto elinomswakama, futhi ingxenye yekhoni yashiya indawo lapho ukugcwalisa kwagxilila khona futhi kwagcina umswakama. Akukho kwalokho okubonakala ekuhlolweni kwengcindezi. Le ndatshana ihlanganisa isembozo njengohlelo, ukulawulwa komoya ophumayo nokujuluka kwamanzi okuyikho okubaluleke kakhulu, kanye nokuma kwekhoni okunquma ukuhlanjululwa. Lokho okubonakala njengokucaciswa ngokweqile esigabeni sokuthenda yizixazululo zokuvalelwa ngokunembile, futhi izembozo ze-silo zokugcina izithako ezisebenza kahle nezokugcwalisa zilinganiswa kanye negobolondo, ikhoni kanye nendawo yokungena komoya ndawonye, okuyiyona ndlela kuphela yokuthi ukuma kwekhoni kokuhlanjululwa kuqhubeke nokuphila ngemva kokushintsha komkhankaso.
Isembozo njengohlelo, hhayi ipuleti
Isembozo sesilo sinemisebenzi emine futhi kufanele ziklanywe njengomunye: ukuvalelwa, ukulinganiswa kwengcindezi, ukuhlunga nokulawulwa kokujiya. Ukuvalelwa umngcele ongavumeli uthuli endaweni yokugcwalisa, isivalo kanye nomhlangano wophahla nomzimba. Ukulinganiswa kuyindlela yengcindezi ehambisa umoya okhishwe umkhiqizo ongenayo ubuyele ngaphandle ngaphandle kokukhipha uthuli. Ukuhlunga isihlungi sendlela leyo, okuyinto eyenza isiphefumuli sibe yindlela yokungcola uma singalingani noma singavalwanga. Ukulawulwa kokujiya ukuvikelwa nokuvaleleka komhwamuko ngaphansi kophahla, okuyinto evimbela ukuthonsa kwamanzi ezintweni ezingenayo. Uma kubanjwe kulelo zinga, izixazululo zokuvalelwa ezinemba kanye nezembozo zesilo sokugcina izithasiselo nemigcwalisi esebenza kahle ziwumugqa emgqeni wokucacisa othola ukuthi uphahla nekhowuni zidwetshwa ngunjiniyela oyedwa yini.
Okubili kwalokhu okune kuvame ukushiywa ngaphandle. Isiphephetha senzelwe ukukhishwa kwamanzi okujwayelekile esikhundleni sokushaya okuphezulu kwe-valve ejikelezayo, futhi uphahla luphefumula kanzima kunalokho okwakucatshangwa ekubalweni. Isivalo somhwamuko siyashiywa ngoba uphahla lwalubonakala lulungile emdwebeni, futhi ukushintsha kokuqala okunomswakama kukhiqiza iconsi eliwela ngqo phezu kwempahla entsha emlonyeni wokugcwalisa. Kokubili kushibhile esigabeni sokudweba futhi kokubili yisizathu sokuthi i-silo ebonakala ihambisana nemithetho yehluleke ukuhlolwa komkhiqizo. Umugqa wesembozo kuleso sicaciso uthi precision containment solutions high performance additives and fillers storage silo covers, futhi kufanelekile ukuwucaphuna kuphela lapho ukuguquka kwekhoni nomugqa wesiphephetha kuhlezi kunguqulo efanayo.
Uhlobo lophahla: idome eliqinile ngokuqhathanisa ne-membrane ezimbili
Ukukhethwa kophahla kulandela isikhala esingaphezulu kanye nenani lomkhiqizo. Idome eliqinile le-aluminium elibhekiselwe ku-AWWA D108 noma i-API 650, elinomthwalo womoya neqhwa othathwe ku-ADM 2015 noma i-ASCE 7-10, iyimpendulo efanele lapho isikhala esingaphezulu sincane, lapho uphahla luthwala indlela yokuhamba noma isifutho esifakwe ophahleni, noma lapho indawo eqinile kulula ukuyigcina ihlanzekile. Uphahla lwezingilazi ezimbili ze-glass-fabric, olunengxenye yangaphandle echayeke esimweni sezulu kanye nengxenye yangaphakathi ethwala ingcindezi ebizwa ngokuthi cishe u-2–3 kPa, iyimpendulo efanele lapho isikhala esingaphezulu sinde, lapho isisindo esigabeni esiphezulu sibalulekile, noma lapho umgomo wokuqina kwegesi uphakeme. Kokubili kuyasebenza kuqweqwe oluboshiwe ngoba umphetho wophahla uboshelwa esigabeni esiphezulu futhi kokubili kukalwa kumdwebo ofanayo noqweqwe.
Kusilo lokungeza noma lokugcwalisa, icala lomthwalo elilawulayo akusilo iqhwa: umfutho wangaphakathi. Ukugcwalisa nge-valve ejikelezayo kufaka umoya esikhaleni esiphezulu ngamagagasi amafushane, futhi idome eliqinile elinesiketi esiqinile lidlulisela lowo mfutho emhlanganweni oboshiwe. Impendulo yithuluzi lokukhulula kanye nesiphefumuli esihlungiwe esilinganiswe nobukhulu obuphezulu, hhayi isilinganiso, kanye nemininingwane yesiketi engathembeli kugasketi kuphela ukuze imelane nomfutho. Lapho into egciniwe ingena emanzini noma ingonakala kalula, ulwelwesi lwangaphakathi lunikeza umngcele oqinile ngezindleko eziphansi kunesakhiwo esiqinile esikhaleni esikhulu esiphezulu.
Ukujiya, ama-gasket kanye nomhlangano
Ukujiya kwamanzi ophahleni lwesilo kuyinkinga yokuhamba komhwamuko, ngakho-ke isixazululo isivalo somhwamuko kanye nokufaka izinto zokuvikela ukushisa esikhundleni sopende olungcono. Umkhiqizo ofudumele ongena esilweni esipholile wenyusa umswakama wangaphakathi; ingaphansi kophahla iyindawo epholile, futhi amanzi ajiya lapho futhi aconsela. Ukufaka izinto zokuvikela ukushisa ophahleni ngongqimba oluluvala umhwamuko kugcina ingaphansi ingaphezu kwezinga lokujiya. Ukuvula okukhululekile ukuphefumula kwenza okuphambene, ngoba kuhambisa umoya wangaphakathi ogcwele umswakama ngesikhathi esifanele lapho ugobolondo lupholile kakhulu. Inhlanganisela esebenzayo iwophahla olufakwe izinto zokuvikela ukushisa noluluvala umhwamuko, isihlungi sokunciphisa ingcindezi nokudonsa, kanye nelungiselelo lokugcwalisa elingawisi umkhiqizo ofudumele ophahleni olupholile.
I-gasket esikhaleni sophahla lwendlu, i-hatch kanye nayo yonke imigudu yokungena iyingxenye enyakazayo yayo yonke isistimu. I-EPDM ivamile emsebenzini wezinto ezijwayelekile, kodwa isengezo noma isigcwalisi kungase kushise, kube namafutha, kube ne-solvent noma kube nemiphetho ebukhali, futhi i-gasket kufanele ihlolwe ngokuqhathaniswa nento engokoqobo kunokucatshangwa. Amabhawodi ezinga le-8.8 adlula emhlanganweni one-gasket, aqiniswe ngenani elibhaliwe futhi aphinde ahlolwe ngemva kokugcwaliswa kokuqala, agcina umhlangano ungavuzi uthuli. Isikhathi sokuhlola bese sincipha sibe ukuhlolwa komhlangano noma nini lapho i-silo ivulwa kanye nocwaningo oluphelele lwe-seal ne-vent ekushintsheni komkhankaso ngamunye.
Incazelo Yezobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Qaphela |
Umsebenzi wesembozo | ukugcinwa, ukulinganiswa, ukuhlunga, ukulawulwa kokujiya | cacisa njengohlelo olulodwa |
Uhlobo lophahla | idome eliqinile le-aluminium, noma indwangu yengilazi enezinhlaka ezimbili | kukhethwe kanye nogobolondo |
Inkomba yedome eliqinile | AWWA D108 / API 650 | amabhawodi e-skirt kuya esigabeni esiphezulu |
Umthwalo womoya neqhwa | ADM 2015 / ASCE 7-10 | isimo somthwalo esihambisana nendawo |
Ingcindezi ye-inner membrane esemthethweni | cishe 2–3 kPa | ithuluzi lokukhulula emugqeni wegesi |
Isikhala sokungena komoya esihlungiwe | kukalwe ngokushintshwa okuphezulu kokugcwalisa, hhayi okujwayelekile | kuvimbela indlela yokungcola |
Ngaphansi kophahla | kufakwe i-vapour seal | igcina ingaphansi ngaphezu kwephuzu lamazolo |
Amajoyinti wamaphaneli | anegasketi, i-EPDM evamile, kuqinisekiswa ngokumelene nempahla | amabhawodi ezinga le-8.8 |
Izinga lamabhawodi | Amabhawodi ezinga le-8.8 | corrosion-inhibited connection |
Ukushintsha kwegobolondo kuya kukhowuni | kubushelele ngokugijima, akukho nqenqeni | ivimbela ukunqwabelana nensalela |
Ubulukhuni bendawo yangaphakathi | Ra < 0.8 µm | i-enamel, kulula ukuyihlanza |
Isikhathi sokuphila komklamo | okungenani iminyaka engama-30 | ngaphansi komsebenzi wezinto eziningi ezicacisiwe |
I-Cone ngokumelene nengaphansi okuyisicaba, kanye nezibalo zokuhlanza
Ijiyometri yokukhipha inquma ukuthi ingakanani impahla esala ngemuva, futhi lokho kusalela yikona okonakala kuqala. Isisekelo esiyikhowuni noma sehopper sinikeza izinga eliphezulu lokuhlanza okuncane kanye nensalela encane ngoba amandla adonsela phansi ahambisa yonke impahla iye endaweni eyodwa yokukhipha; kubiza isisekelo esijulile kanye negobolondo elide. Isisekelo esiyisicaba sibiza kancane ukwakha futhi sishesha ukumiswa, futhi sincike ekushefeni kokukhipha, ekuhambiseni komoya noma ekukhipheni ngesikrufu ukufinyelela insalela ephansi. Izinto zokugcwalisa nezengezo ezikhazikayo noma ezihlangana zifanele ikhowuni; impahla eyinhlayiyana egeleza ngokukhululekile ifanele isisekelo esiyisicaba esinepad yokungenisa umoya.
Inguquko phakathi kwesilinda nekhowuni yilapho insalela idalwa khona, ngakho kufanele kudwetshwe ngokucophelela: umthambeka oguquguqukayo obushelelezi ongenawo umkhawulo ovundlile, akukho zihloko zamabhawodi ezimile endleleni yempahla, nomthambeka owanele ukulingana nekhona lokuphumula lomkhiqizo ogciniwe. Lezi zinto ezintathu zinquma ukuthi i-silo ikhipha ngokuvumelana nesimiso noma ishiya isithende okufanele sikhutshwe ngefosholo njalo lapho kushintshwa umsebenzi.
Icala Lomsebenzi
Iphrojekthi | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Amathangi anobubanzi obukhulu, amayunithi amabili | China, Beijing | Amathangi e-GFS | 9,682 m³ | φ16.23 × 23.4 m, ukuhlinzeka nokugada |
Ithangi lensimbi engagqwali | Czech Republic | ithangi lensimbi engagqwali | 647 m³ | ukuhlinzeka kwegobolondo lensimbi engagqwali elishiselwe |
Amathangi ensimbi ashiselwe | China, Henan | amathangi ensimbi ashiselwe | 4,691 m³ | ukuhlinzeka nokushisela endaweni |
Amathangi ensimbi engagqwali | Malaysia | amathangi ensimbi engagqwali | 815 m³ | ukuhlinzekwa kwamathangi ensimbi engagqwali |
Ikhono Lobunjiniyela le-Center Enamel
UCenter Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) usekhethe futhi wakha amathangi okugcina anezikulufu kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi ensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ehlanganiswe nge-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe umthamo wokukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, i-WRAS, i-FDA, i-LFGB, i-CE (EN 1090), i-ISO 28765, i-FM, i-BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukuklama kubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo lokusetshenziswa ludinga khona.
Ukuze kube nokusebenza okuphezulu kokugcinwa kwezithasiselo nezigcwalisi, ikhono elibalulekile yophahla: idome le-aluminium kanye nophahla lwamangqamuzana amabili okwenziwa ngaphansi kwezimo zomthwalo ezingenhla, ukuphuma okuhlungiwe nokulinganisa kokukhululwa kwephawundi lokugcwalisa eliphezulu, kanye nengaphansi yophahla oluvikelwe ngomhwamuko ohlukanisiwe olulethwa negobolondo nekhowuni kusethi yedrowing eyodwa.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Kungani umoya ophumayo ohlungiwe ubaluleke kakhulu kunepuleti lophahla?
Impendulo 1: Ngoba umoya ophumayo ongahlungiwe wamukela umoya wegumbi nezinambuzane njalo lapho izinga lehla. Uphahla lugcina uthuli ngaphakathi; umoya ophumayo unquma ukuthi yini ebuyayo, futhi yilapho ukungcola kungena khona esilweni esivaliwe.
Umbuzo 2: Idome eliqinile noma amangqamuzana amabili esilo sezithasiselo?
A2: I-dome eqinile ye-aluminium ngaphansi kwe-AWWA D108 noma i-API 650 lapho isikhala sekhanda sincane futhi uphahla luthwala imishini; uphahla lwezendlalelo ezimbili lapho isikhala sekhanda sikhulu futhi ukuqina kwegesi ku-2–3 kPa kuyinhloso. Kokubili kuboshelwa esigabeni esiphezulu esifanayo.
Q3: Uyimisa kanjani i-condensation ukuthi ingaconsi emkhiqizweni?
A3: Vala ngaphansi kophahla ngesivikelo somhwamuko ukuze ingaphansi ihlale ingaphezu kwezinga lokujiya, futhi vala noma yisiphi isifutho sokuphefumula esivulekile. Ukuhlunga indlela yokulinganisa nokuhambisa umjikelezo wokugcwalisa ezingeni lokushisa kwempahla kuyasiza futhi.
Q4: Iyiphi i-gasket efanele isengezo esisebenza kahle kakhulu?
A4: Noma iyiphi inhlanganisela yezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezihlolwa ukuhlolwa kwezinto: i-EPDM yomsebenzi ojwayelekile, kanye nenye indlela eqinisekisiwe yezinto ezishisayo, ezinamafutha, ezine-solvent noma ezibukhali. I-gasket kufanele ihlolwe, hhayi ukucatshangwa, ngoba iguga ngokushesha kunegobolondo.
Q5: Ingaphansi kwe-cone noma ingaphansi okuyisicaba sezinto zokugcwalisa?
A5: I-cone lapho into icaka khona, ixhuma noma ibiza kakhulu kangangokuthi i-heel ibalulekile; ingaphansi okuyisicaba eline-aerate pad noma i-sweep lapho into ihamba ngokukhululeka. I-slope yokushintsha kanye nokungabikho kwama-ledges kunquma ukuhlanza.
Q6: Ingabe i-silo eboshiwe ingandiswa noma uphahla lushintshwe kamuva?
A6: Yebo. Amaphaneli engeziwe akhuphula ubude begobolondo, futhi uphahla lungashintshwa ngoba ukuxhumana kuyi-bolted skirt joint hhayi umthungo odidiyelwe. Linganisa isisekelo sesimo esikhulu ekuqaleni.
Umbuzo 7: Isikhathi sokuhlola kusivalo se-silo yokugcwalisa siyini?
Impendulo 7: Ukuhlolwa kwamalunga ne-gasket njalo lapho i-silo ivulwa, ucwaningo oluphelele lwe-vent ne-seal lapho kushintshwa umkhankaso, nokuhlolwa kwe-torque ngemva kokugcwalisa kokuqala lapho i-gasket ihlezi khona.
Isembozo se-silo sezithasiselo eziphezulu zokusebenza kanye nezinto zokugcwalisa sisebenza lapho ukugcinwa, ukulinganiswa okuhlungiwe, ukulawulwa kokujiya kanye nejiyometri yekhoni kucaciswa njengohlelo olulodwa. Isembozo esigcina umkhiqizo womile futhi ungenalo uthuli akusona ipuleti elijiyile kakhulu; yileso umoya waso ohlungiwe ukuze umfutho wokugcwalisa uphezulu, ingaphansi yophahla lwaso luvalwe ngomhwamuko, futhi ukushintsha kwaso kungashiyi ndawo yokuxhama lapho impahla ingaqina khona.
Sithumele izici zempahla, ithani lonyaka, ububanzi besilo kanye nesimo somthwalo wendawo, futhi sizokubuyisela isiphakamiso sophahla lwangaphezulu nokukhipha umoya, ijiyometri yekhoni, ukukhethwa kwegasketi kanye nephakethe yefayela lobuchwepheshe.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Letha idatha yempahla kanye nezinga lokugcwalisa, futhi sizokala uphahla, isikhala sokukhipha umoya kanye nekhoni nawe. Uzothola uhlelo lokumboza, igasketi kanye nohlu lwamahatshi, izimo zomthwalo kanye nemidwebo ukuze ibuyekezwe. Singathanda ukulungisa umbuzo wokujiya esigabeni somdwebo kunokusiza ukuthi uhlukanise umthwalo kamuva.
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