Izitanki Zokugqoka Zensimbi Ze-NSF/ANSI 61: Umhlahlandlela Wobunjiniyela Nokuhambisana Namazinga Amanzi Aphuzwayo
Kwadalwa ngo 06.17
Amathangi E-Enamel E-NSF/ANSI 61: Umhlahlandlela Wobunjiniyela Nokuhambisana Namandla Amanzi Aphuzwayo
Uma ukhetha ukugcinwa kwamanzi ezinhlelweni zamanzi okuphuza zomkhandlu, ezemboni, noma ezohwebo, izinga le-NSF/ANSI 61 liyisilinganiso esingenakushintshwa sezempilo yomphakathi. Embonini yamathangi okugcina amanzi, "amathangi enamele" avame ukubhekisa kubuchwepheshe be-Glass-Fused-to-Steel (GFS). Ngokuhlanganisa ingubo yengilazi enamandla aphezulu ku-steel substrate esakhiweni ezingeni lokushisa elidlula u-800°C, la mathangi adala indawo engenasici, engavimbeli amanzi, futhi engakhishi lutho olungenawo umthelela, ehlangabezana nezidingo eziqinile kakhulu zezempilo nokuphepha kwamanzi okuphuza.
1. Yini I-Standard Ye-NSF/ANSI 61?
I-NSF/ANSI 61 yi-American National Standard esungula izidingo eziphansi kakhulu zabantu abangathinteki emanzini okuphuza abavela emikhiqizweni, ezingxenyeni, nasezintweni.
● Isidingo: Ivimbela amathangi, amapayipi, nezingubo ekubeni "zinikele" izinto eziyingozi (njengezinto eziyingozi eziguquguqukayo noma amatshe ayigugu) emanzini okuphuza.
● Inqubo: Izingxenye zihloliwe kusetshenziswa amanzi anolaka ukulingisa ukuchayeka isikhathi eside. Uma izinto ezikhishiwe zidlula i-Single Product Allowable Concentration (SPAC), umkhiqizo uyahluleka ukuthola isitifiketi.
● Ukuhambisana ne-Enamel: Ngoba i-enamel (ingilazi-eboshwe-ensimbi) ayisabeli ngokwemvelo, yenza njengebanga eliphelele, ivimba ngempumelelo insimbi ukuthi ingasabeli namanzi, ngaleyo ndlela igcwalisa izidingo eziyinhloko ze-NSF/ANSI 61.
2. Isayensi ye-Enamel (Ingilazi-eboshwe-ensimbi)
Emkhakheni wokugcina amanzi ezimbonini, i-"enamel" iyisendlalelo sengilazi esenziwe ngezinsiza zobunjiniyela. Ngokungafani nopende noma i-epoxy, ehlala phezu kwensimbi, i-enamel iboshwa ensimbi.
● Ibhande le-Molecular: Phakathi nenqubo yokushisa (820°C–930°C), ama-frit engilazi-enamel aboshwa emgodini ongaphambili wensimbi.
● Indawo Engavuzi Amakhemikhali: Ngoba indawo ingubhedu olungasebenzi, ayikho ingxubevange yamakhemikhali namanzi. Lokhu kuqeda ingozi yokudonswa kwensimbi (ukugqwala) noma ukudluliselwa kwezinto ezinobuthi, okuyinto ejwayelekile kumakhowothi asezingeni eliphansi.
● Okumelana Namagciwane: Indawo ye-enamel ebushelelezi kakhulu, ekhanyayo ivimbela ukwakheka kwamagciwane nokubuthana kwamagciwane, okuvikelwa kakhulu ikhwalithi yamanzi okuphuza.
3. Ukuqhathaniswa kwezixazululo zokugcina amanzi okuphuza
Ubuchwepheshe Bokugcina | Ukuqinisekiswa Kokuhambisana (NSF 61) | Izidingo Zokugcinwa | Isikhathi Sokuphila |
I-Enamel (Ingilazi-Ehlanganiswe-Nensimbi) | Kuhle Kakhulu (Okungapheli) | Kuncane Kakhulu | 30–50+ Iminyaka |
I-Epoxy Eqinqwe Ngensimu | Okuguquguqukayo (Ingozi yokuhlukana) | Kuphezulu (Kudingeka ukuphinda upende) | Iminyaka engu-20–30 |
Amathangi Kakhonkolo | Phakathi (Ingozi yokuba nezimbobo) | Phezulu (Ukuqhekeka/Ukuvuza) | Iminyaka engu-20–40 |
Amathangi Epulasitiki/Poly | Phansi | Phansi | Iminyaka engu-10–20 |
4. Izinto Ezibalulekile Zokuhambisana Nezidingo Zemininingwane
Ukucacisa "ithangi le-enamel eliqinisekiswe yi-NSF/ANSI 61" kufuna ukunakwa ku"sistimu yonke" kunokuba kube ngamaphaneli ethangi kuphela. Amaphrojekthi amaningi ahluleka ukuhlolwa ngoba izingxenye ezizungezile zazinyelwa ngesikhathi senqubo yokuthenga.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuthobela ngokuphelele imithetho, imibhalo yephrojekthi yakho kufanele ibophelele:
● Ukuqinisekiswa Kwe-System-Wide: Qinisekisa ukuthi akuwona amaphaneli ensimbi ye-enamel kuphela, kodwa futhi nezinto zokubopha (ama-gaskets/EPDM), izikulufo (izikepisi zamabhawodi), kanye namapayipi asetshenziswa ekuhlanganiseni aqinisekiswe ngawodwana ku-NSF/ANSI 61.
● Ukuhlolwa Kweholide: Cela ukuhlolwa okungu-100% kwe-spark (i-holiday) kuwo wonke amaphaneli angaphakathi ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukugqoka kwe-enamel akunawo amaphutha.
● Imibhalo: Njalo cela isitifiketi sokufakwa kuhlu lwe-NSF somkhiqizi, siqinisekisa ingxenye ethile (ngokuvamile Ingxenye 5: Izinto Zokuvimbela) zokuthintana namanzi okuphuzwayo.
5. Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa (FAQ)
Umbuzo: Ingabe zonke i-enamel iyefana?
Impendulo: Cha. Kukhona umehluko obalulekile phakathi kwe-"Liquid Enamel" (eyinsipho nje) kanye ne-"High-Temperature Fused Glass." Ukuze uhambisane ne-NSF/ANSI 61 kanye nokuqina isikhathi eside, kufanele ucacise i-Glass-Fused-to-Steel (GFS), esebenzisa ukuboshwa okushisayo.
Umbuzo: Ingabe ithangi le-enamel lidinga ukugcinwa ukuze lihlale lihambisana?
A: Izindawo ezinama-enamel zimelana kakhulu, kodwa ukuhambisana kwe-NSF 61 kuncike nasekucocekeni. Kumele unamathele ezinqubweni zokuhlanza nokuhlola njalo (ngokwemigomo ye-AWWA) ukuvimbela ukuqoqeka kwezinto ezingcolile noma izinto zangaphandle ezingathinta ikhwalithi yamanzi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Umbuzo: Izinga likapende (enamel) lingaqhathaniswa kanjani nokhonkolo ezindaweni ezihlaselwa yizindoluphe?
Impendulo: Amathangi kapende (GFS) akhiwe ngezingxenye futhi ayakhiwa ngezikulufu, okubavumela ukuthi babhekane nokunyakaza okuncane kwezindoluphe ngaphandle kokuqhekeka okukhulu okujwayelekile ezakhiweni zikakhonkolo eziyisibambambana. Lokhu kuvumelana nezimo kubenza kube ukukhetha okuphephile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yamanzi esikhathini eside.
Onjiniyela bakamasipala nezimboni, ukuhambisana ne-NSF/ANSI 61 kuyisilinganiso esingenakushintshwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe impilo yomphakathi. Amathangi kapende (Glass-Fused-to-Steel) ahlinzeka ngesiqinisekiso esithembeke kakhulu salokhu kuhambisana ngokusebenzisa izakhiwo ezingasebenzi, ezingangeni zokungena zengilazi ehlanganisiwe. Ngokucacisa uhlelo oluphelele oluqinisekisiwe lukapende, uqinisekisa ingqalasizinda yakho yamanzi ngokumelene nezingozi zokuvuza, ukugqwala, nokungcola iminyaka eminingi ezayo.
Ngabe njengamanje ubhala imininingwane yezobuchwepheshe yephrojekthi yokugcina amanzi, noma ngabe wenza isheke lemisebenzi eseyikhona? Ukwazi isigaba sephrojekthi yakho esithile kungisiza ukuthi ngikunikeze ulimi olufanele lwezobuchwepheshe emibhalweni yakho yokuthenga.
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