NFPA 22: Isilinganiso Esibalulekile Samathangi Okugcina Amanzi Okukhahlanywa Nomlilo
Kwadalwa ngo Ngokwamukisa
I-NFPA 22: Umgangatho obalulekileyo weetanki zokugcina amanzi okukhusela umlilo
I-NFPA 22: Izinga Lamathangi Amanzi Okuzivikela Ngomlilo Ngasese yikho okuyikho okubalulekile okulawula ukuklama, ukwakhiwa, ukufakwa, nokugcinwa kwamathangi okugcina amanzi asetshenziselwa ukucisha umlilo. Lapho izinhlelo zamanzi zikamasipala zingakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukugeleza noma ingcindezi edingekayo kuma-sprinkler azisebenzelayo, amaphampu omlilo, noma ama-hydrant, i-NFPA 22 ihlinzeka ngohlelo lobunjiniyela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isikhungo samanzi sangasese siyathembeka, sihlala njalo, futhi silungele ukusebenza esimweni esiphuthumayo.
1. Ukuqonda Ububanzi be-NFPA 22
I-NFPA 22 isebenza kuzo zonke izinhlobo zamathangi asetshenziselwa ukuvikela umlilo ngasese, okubandakanya lawo atholakala emhlabeni, aphakeme ngaphezu komhlaba, noma angcwatshwe. Inhloso eyinhloko yaleli zinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amanzi atholakala njalo nokuthi ithangi ngokwalo akubona umthombo wokwehluleka kohlelo ngesikhathi somlilo.
Izindawo Eziyinhloko Ezilawulwa yi-NFPA 22:
● Ubuqotho besakhiwo: Izidingo zezisekelo, izinto ezisetshenziswa ethangini, nokumelana nemithwalo yendawo (umoya, ukuzamazama komhlaba, iqhwa).
● Idizayini ye-Hydraulic: Izindlela zokubala i-"capacity esebenzisekayo net" edingekayo engozini ethile.
● Izinsiza: Izinto ezifakiwe ezidingekayo, okubalwa kuzo izipleyiti ze-anti-vortex, izimbobo zomoya, izikhombisi-zinga, kanye nezinhlelo zokushisisa.
2. Izinto Ezamukelwe Ethanini kanye Namazinga
I-NFPA 22 ayikhethi nto eyodwa kodwa iyala ukuthi noma iyiphi into ekhethiwe kufanele ihlangane namazinga aqinile, aqinile obunjiniyela.
Uhlobo Lwethangi | Izinga Elikhulu Elibhekiselwa Kulo | Ukugxila Kobunjiniyela |
Amathangi Ensini Axhunyiwe | I-AWWA D103 | Amapaneli agcotshwe efektri; ukumelana okuphezulu nokugqwala. |
Iitanki Zentsimbi Ezibotshiweyo | I-AWWA D100 | Ukwenziwa kwindawo; kufuna ukubotshwa okukhethekileyo. |
Iitanki Zekhonkrithi | I-ACI 350 / 371 | I-Prestressed noma i-reinforced; ukuqina okuphezulu. |
Amathangi E-Fiberglass (FRP) | Idatha ye-ASTM/Umenzi | Ukungagqwali; izinkambiso ezithile zokushayeka. |
3. Izingxenye Ezibalulekile Zobunjiniyela (Izinto Ezihambisanayo)
Ithangi lihambisana ne-NFPA 22 kuphela uma lihlanganisa izingxenye ezithile zokuphepha ezivimbela ukugcwala kwamaphampu nokwehluleka kwesistimu.
I-Anti-Vortex Plate
I-anti-vortex plate cishe iyona ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yangaphakathi. Yiplastiki yensimbi efakwe phezu komgodi wokukhipha amanzi.
● Umsebenzi: Ivimbela ukwakheka kwe-whirlpool (vortex) lapho amanzi edonswa ngesivinini esikhulu.
● Ingozi: Ngaphandle kwale plate, umoya ungadonswa kulayini wokudonsa we-fire pump, okuholela ekugcwala, okungacekelani phansi iphampu futhi kubangele ukwehluleka okuphelele kwesistimu yokucindezela.
Ukungenisa umoya kanye Nokukhulula Ingcindezi
Njengoba iphampu yomlilo ikhipha ithangi, ingcindezi yomoya wangaphakathi yehla ngokushesha. I-NFPA 22 ifuna imingilizi yophahla enosayizi ofanele ukuvumela umoya ukuthi ubuyisele amanzi aphumayo, uvimbele ukugqashuka kwesakhiwo ngenxa yengcindezi yokumunca.
Ukuvikelwa Ekuqandiseni
Ezindaweni lapho izinga lokushisa eliphakathi lehla ngaphansi kuka-5°F (-15°C), izinga lifuna izinhlelo zokushisa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi amanzi ahlala ezingeni eliphansi lika-40°F (4.4°C). Lokhu kuvimbela ukuqoqana kweqhwa, okungavala imigudu yokungena noma kubangele ukulimala kwesakhiwo ezindongeni zamathangi.
4. Ukulinganisa: Umthamo Ongasetshenziswa Ngempela vs. Umthamo Womzimba
Enye yamaphutha avame kakhulu ekwakhiweni kokugcinwa kwamanzi omlilo ukudida umthamo ophelele nomthamo ongasetshenziswa.
Inkcazo ye-NFPA 22: "Umthamo osetyenziswayo wokwenyani" ngumthamo wamanzi phakathi komngxuma wokugqithisa kunye nomzantsi we-vortex plate. Amanzi agcinwe phantsi kwe-vortex plate athathwa "njengamanzi abafileyo" kwaye ayangahoywa kubalo lokhuselo lomlilo.
Iinjineli kufuneka zibale imfuno yenkqubo (GPM) kunye nexesha elifunekayo (imizuzu) ukumisela umthamo osetyenziswayo wokwenyani, emva koko zongeze "amanzi abafileyo" kunye neemfuno zokukhulula ukumisela ubukhulu betanki.
5. Ukugcinwa: I-NFPA 22 vs. I-NFPA 25
Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwala mazinga amabili:
1. I-NFPA 22: Ilawula idizayini, ukwakhiwa, nokufakwa kwethangi.
2. I-NFPA 25: Ilawula Ukuhlolwa, Ukuhlola, kanye Nokugcinwa (ITM) kwethangi kuyo yonke impilo yalo yokusebenza.
Ngisho nethangi elihambisana ne-NFPA 22 ngeke livikele indawo uma lingahlolwa minyaka yonke ngezinkinga zokugqwala, ukwakheka komgqomo, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwe-valve njengoba kudingwa yi-NFPA 25.
Udinga usizo ngezibalo zamandla athile noma ukunquma ukuthi impahla yethangi eyiphi efaneleke kakhulu ezimweni zemvelo zendawo yakho?
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