Izitangi Zensimbi Zokucisha Umlilo ze-NFPA 22: Umhlahlandlela Wokufeza Izidingo Nobuchwepheshe Obuphezulu
Kwadalwa ngo Ngokwamukisa
Amathangi Ensini Yokucisha Umlilo we-NFPA 22: Umhlahlandlela Wokuphumelela Nobuchwepheshe Obuphezulu
Uma ingqalasizinda yamanzi kamasipala ingakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngesidingo samandla esidingwa uhlelo lokunisela umlilo noma uhlelo lokudlulisa amanzi esakhiwo, ithangi lokugcina amanzi lensimbi elihambisana ne-NFPA 22 liba yindawo ebalulekile yokwehluleka noma yokuphumelela. I-NFPA 22 (Izinga Lamathangi Amanzi Okuzivikela Komlilo Eyimfihlo) ibeka isilinganiso esiqinile sobunjiniyela samachibi lawo. Ezimbonini, ezohwebo, nasezindaweni ezibalulekile, insimbi ihlala iyimpahla ehamba phambili ngenxa yokubikeleka kwayo okuyisisekelo, ukuthobela izindinganiso ze-AWWA, nokuphila kwayo okufakazelwe ezimweni ezicindezela kakhulu.
1. Kungani Insimbi Iyindinganiso Yomkhakha Wokucisha Umlilo
Ins insimbi iyona eyinhloko esetshenziswa ekugcinweni kwezinto zokucisha umlilo ngoba inikeza isilinganiso esiqinisekile sokuphepha esinye izinto ezingakwazi ukusifinyelela kalula. Ngokungafani nezamaplastiki noma ezengilasi, amathangi ensimbi enziwa ngendlela enezinga elibonakalayo lokwakheka, okwenza kube yisinqumo esikhethwa ngabahlola imishwalense (njenge-FM Global) nabaphathi bomlilo.
● Ukuhambisana Namazinga e-AWWA: Amathangi ensimbi akhiwa ngokwezinga le-AWWA D103 (Ehlanganiswe ngezikulufu) noma i-AWWA D100 (Ehlanganiswe ngokushisela), aqashelwa ngokugcwele futhi abhekiselwa kuwo ku-NFPA 22.
● Ukumelana Nokuzamazama Komhlaba Nomoya Owenziwa Yisiphepho: Izakhiwo zensimbi zikwazi kakhulu ukubhekana namandla amakhulu okusonteka abandakanyeka ezenzakalweni zokuzamazama komhlaba kanye nemimoya enamandla njengomoya wezikhukhula uma ziqiniswe kahle.
● Ukumelana Nomlilo: Insimbi ayithambisi noma ayicezeli lapho kukhona ukushisa okukhulu kwangaphandle, iqinisekisa ukuthi ukuhlinzekwa ngamanzi kuhlala kukhona ngisho noma umlilo uvela eduze kwethangi.
2. Amathangi Ensini Ehlanganiswe Ngezikulufu vs. Ehlanganiswe Ngokushisela: Ukuhlaziywa Okuhambisanayo
Ukukhetha phakathi kokwakhiwa okuboshwe ngezikulufu nokwakhiwa okuhlanganiswe ngokuwelda kuyisinqumo esiyinhloko onjiniyela. I-matrix elandelayo igqamisa ukuthi lezi zinketho zihambelana kanjani nezinjongo zephrojekthi.
Isici | Amathangi Ensini Axhunyiwe (AWWA D103) | Amathangi Ensini Ahlanganisiwe (AWWA D100) |
Ukuhlanganisa | Amapaneli ahlanganisiwe, ahlanganiswe ngaphambili axhunywe endaweni. | Amapuleti ahlanganiswe ensimini. |
Isivinini Sokwakha | Ngokushesha (izinsuku kuya emavukini); akukho mvume yokusebenza ngomlilo. | Kancane (izinyanga); kudinga ukushisela okuningi/ukuhlolwa. |
Ubuqotho Bokugqoka | Kufakwe efektri (GFS noma FBE); ukulawula okungcono kakhulu. | Kufakwa ensimini; kuncike ezimweni zezulu/ikhwalithi yesicelo esendaweni. |
Ukunakekelwa Kwesikhathi Sokusebenza | Kuncane; i-GFS ayidingi ukugcinwa cishe. I-GFS ayidingi ukugcinwa cishe. | Kuphezulu; kudinga ukuphinda upende njalo eminyakeni engu-7-10. |
Ukuvumelana nezimo | Amamojuli amaphaneli avumela ukwanda komthamo esikhathini esizayo. | Idizayini elungisiwe; ukuguqulwa kunzima kakhulu. |
3. Izidingo Ezibalulekile zobunjiniyela ze-NFPA 22
Ukuze ubhaliswe ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi "Iyahambisana ne-NFPA 22," ithangi lensimbi kumele libe ngaphezu nje kwesikhumba. Kumele lihlotshiswe ngezinto ezithile eziklanyelwe ukuvimbela ukwehluleka kwesistimu.
Izingxenye Ezibalulekile Ezine Ezidingekayo:
1. I-Anti-Vortex Plate: Lena yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu engaphakathi. Kumele ibekwe phezu komgqomo wokukhipha ukuze kuvinjwe umoya ukuthi ungangeni emgqeni wokudonsa ngesikhathi sokugeleza okusheshayo. Ngaphandle kwayo, i-pump cavitation ingacekelana phansi ne-fire pump ngemizuzwana.
2. Izimbobo Zophahla Ezihamba Kakhulu: I-NFPA 22 idinga izimbobo ezilinganisiwe kahle ukuze kuvunyelwe umoya ukuba ungene ethangini njengoba amanzi ephuma. Ukwehluleka ukuvundulula kahle kungadala ukuthi ithangi licwile (liwe) ngenxa yomoya ongaphakathi odalwa iphampu yomlilo.
3. Ukushisa Nokuvikelwa Okushisayo: Uma indawo isesimweni sezulu esibandayo, izishisi ezicwilisiwe nokuvikela okushisayo kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa lamanzi angaphakathi akulokothi lehla ngaphansi kuka-4.4°C (40°F), ukuvimbela ukuvaleka kweqhwa emgqeni wezifutho.
4. Izinzwa Zokuqapha: Izinkomba zikagesimende zamazinga amanzi ezixhunywe kuphaneli yokulawula i-alamu yomlilo "ebhekwa njalo" ziyadingeka ukuze kunikezwe ukugadwa okukude.
4. Izinsika Zokuhambisana Nokwakhiwa
Lapho uhambisa amacebo kuGunyaziwe Onelungelo Lokubusa (AHJ), kufanele uhambise imibhalo enikeza imininingwane elandelayo:
● Amandla Okusebenzisa Angempela: Izibalo kumele zichaze ivolumu engaphezu kwepuleti le-vortex nangaphansi kwezinga lokugcwala. "Amanzi afile" phansi ethangini awafakiwe ezibalo zesidingo somlilo.
● Umklamo Wosisekelo: Kudingeka udonga oluqinile lwe-concrete oluqinisekiswe yi-geotechnical noma i-slab. Izisekelo ezingalingani yisona sizathu esikhulu sokwehluleka kwe-seam ematankini ensimbi ashunqulwe.
● Izibalo Zokulayisha: Isakhiwo kumele sibheke:
○ Umthwalo Ongashintshi: Isisindo sensimbi nezinto ezihlala njalo.
○ Umthwalo Obukhoma: Isisindo samanzi agciniwe nomthwalo weqhwa/u-ayisi ophahleni.
○ Umthwalo Wezemvelo: Izikhombisi-ndlela zesivinini sezinyikimo zesifunda kanye nomoya.
5. Ukudlulela Ekugcineni Okungapheli (NFPA 25)
Kuyiphutha elivamile ukudida izidingo zokuklama (NFPA 22) nezidingo zokuhlola (NFPA 25). Uma ithangi lensimbi selifakiwe futhi selisebenza:
● Ukuhlolwa Okubonakalayo: Izinyanga/izikota zokuhlola ukugqwala kwangaphandle, ukuma kwamavalvu, nokusebenza kwe-alamu.
● Ukuhlolwa Kwangaphakathi: I-NFPA 25 ngokuvamile idinga ukuhlolwa kwangaphakathi njalo eminyakeni emi-5 (noma njalo eminyakeni emi-3 yamathangi ensimbi angenazo izinto zokuzivikela zangaphakathi).
● Ukuhlolwa: Ukuhlolwa konyaka kwezinto zokushisisa, izinzwa ze-alamu, nezinhlelo zokudonsa kuyimpoqo ukuqinisekisa isimo "esilungele umlilo" sesitsha samanzi.
Ukukhetha ithangi lensimbi lokucisha umlilo kuyisibopho sokuphepha nokwethembeka kokusebenza. Ngokulandela ngokuqinile izindinganiso ze-AWWA D103 noma D100 nokuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izinto ezidingekayo ze-NFPA 22 zifakiwe, abanikazi bezindawo bangaqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo lwabo lokugcina amanzi omlilo luhlala luyimpahla eqinile, ehambisana nekhodi iminyaka eminingi ezayo.
Ingabe usezigabeni zobunjiniyela zokuqala zephrojekthi, noma ubheka ukulungisa isistimu yamanzi yokuvikela umlilo ekhona? Ukuqonda isikhathi sephrojekthi yakho kungasiza ekukhetheni isu elifanele lokuklama eliboshiwe noma elishiswe.
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