I-NFPA 22: Izinga Lamathangi Amanzi Okukhishwa Umlilo Eyimfihlo – Umhlahlandlela Ophelele
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I-NFPA 22: Izinga Lamathangi Amanzi Okukhishwa Komlilo Okuyimfihlo – Umhlahlandlela Ophelele
Yini i-NFPA 22?
Uma isistimela samanzi sikamasipala singanele, singathembekile, noma singatholakali ukusekela uhlelo lokucisha umlilo lwesikhungo (njengamajethi, izinduku zamanzi, noma ama-hydrant ayimfihlo), kudingeka ithangi lokugcina amanzi elizinikezele. I-NFPA 22: Izinga Lamathangi Amanzi Okukhishwa Komlilo Okuyimfihlo yikho ikhodi egunyaziwe eshicilelwe yiNational Fire Protection Association. Ibeka izidingo ezingezansi zokuklama, ukwakhiwa, ukufakwa, kanye nokugcinwa kwalawa mabhokisi amanzi abalulekile nemishini yawo eyengeziwe.
Ngamafuphi: I-NFPA 22 iqinisekisa ukuthi lapho kwenzeka isimo esiphuthumayo somlilo, ithangi lamanzi lizoletha ngokuthembekile ivolumu edingekayo nengcindezi ngaphandle kokwehluleka komqambothi noma ukungasebenzi kwezingxenye.
1. Izinhlobo Zamathangi Ezamukelwe kanye Nezinto Ezisetshenzisiwe
I-NFPA 22 ivumela izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamathangi, okubandakanya amathangi okudonsa asezingeni lomhlaba, amathangi aphakanyisiwe, namathangi engcindezi. Izinga lilawula ngokuqinile izinto kanye namakhodi okukhiqiza kulezi zakhiwo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqina nokuhlala komqambothi ngesikhathi esiphuthumayo.
Uhlobo Lwento / Lwethangi | Isahluko Esisebenzayo | Amakhodi Abalulekile Okukhiqiza Nokuqamba |
Insipho Eqoqwe Efekthri Eqoqwe Ngama-bolts | Isahluko 6 | I-AWWA D103. Ifaka phakathi izendlalelo ze-Glass-Fused-to-Steel (GFS) kanye ne-Fusion Bonded Epoxy (FBE). Idume kakhulu ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa okusheshayo kwezingxenye eziningi nokumelana kwayo okuphezulu nokugqwala. |
Insipho Eqoshiwe | Isahluko 5 | AWWA D100. Izitanki zensimbi ezakhelwe endaweni ezidinga ukwakhiwa okuningi endaweni kanye nokugcotshwa kabusha njalo. |
Izitanki Zikakhonkolo | Isahluko 10 | Kufaka izitanki zikakhonkolo ezicindezelwe ngokomdlandla kanye nezokudonsa. Ziqine kakhulu kodwa zidinga isikhathi eside sokwakha kanye nezindawo ezinkulu. |
I-Fiberglass-Ehlanganiswe Nepulasitiki (FRP) | Isahluko 11 | Isetshenziswa kuzo zombili izinhlobo zamathangi angcwatshwe njengomunye umsebenzi kanye namathangi angaphezu komhlaba. Kumele ihambisane nezimfuneko ezithile zokushayeka kanye nezimo ezithinta imvelo. |
2. Izidingo Eziyinhloko Zokukala kanye Nobunjiniyela
I-NFPA 22 ayibeki "usayizi ojwayelekile" wezithangi zomlilo. Kunalokho, umthamo ubunjwa ngokucophelela ngokusekelwe ekuhlukanisweni kwengozi okukhethekile kwesikhungo kanye nesidingo se-hydraulic.
● Ukubalwa Komthamo: Umthamo omncane ongasebenza ubhalwa ngokuphindaphinda isilinganiso sokudlulisela sesistimu (isibonelo, amalitha ngomzuzu) ngesikhathi esidingekayo (ngokuvamile imizuzu engu-30, 60, 90, noma 120).
● Umthamo Ongasebenza Ngempela: Umthamo kufanele ulinganiswe phakathi kokungena kwe-overflow nokuphuma kokukhipha amanzi. Amanzi asendaweni engaphansi kwepuleti le-anti-vortex athathwa njengamanzi "afa" futhi akabali kumthamo wokuvikela umlilo odingekayo.
● Ukulayisha Kwesakhiwo: Amathangi kufanele akhelwe ukuthi akwazi ukubekezelela imithwalo efile (ithangi ngokwalo), imithwalo ephilayo (isisindo samanzi), imithwalo yomoya (okungenani 30 lb/ft² ezindaweni ezimile), nemithwalo yase-seismic ngokuya ngekhodi yokwakha yendawo.
3. Izinsiza Zokuvikela Umlilo Eziyimpoqo
Ithangi elihambisana ne-NFPA 22 akuyona nje isitsha; uhlelo olwakhiwe ngokukhethekile oluhlome ngezinto ezithile ezenzelwe ukuvimbela ukuhluleka okukhulu kwephompo yomlilo.
1. I-Anti-Vortex Plate: Itholakala phezu komgqomo wokukhipha amanzi, leli phepha lensimbi livimbela ukwakheka kwe-whirlpool (vortex) njengoba iphampu yomlilo idonsa amanzi. Uma i-vortex yakheka, umoya ungena emgqeni wokudonsa, ubangela ukuthi iphampu yomlilo i-cavitate futhi yehluleke. I-plate kufanele ibe ububanzi obungaphezu kokuphindwe kabili komgqomo wokukhipha amanzi futhi ibekwe okungenani ama-intshi angu-6 ngaphezu kwesitezi sethangi.
2. I-Roof Vents: Njengoba iphampu isheshisa ukukhipha amanzi ethangini, kungase kwenzeke izingcindezi ezinkulu zokudonsa ngaphakathi. Ama-roof vents anobukhulu obufanele avimbela uphahla lwe-tank ukuthi lungangeni ngaphakathi. Kufanele zifakwe izikrini ezivimbela ukugqwala ukuze kugcinwe udoti ngaphandle.
3. Amasistimu Okufudumeza Amathangi: Kumathangi atholakala ezindaweni lapho izinga lokushisa eliphansi losuku olulodwa lehla ngaphansi kuka-5°F (-15°C), amasistimu okufudumeza (njengama-heater kagesi) kufanele afakwe ukuze kugcinwe izinga lokushisa lamanzi ku-42°F (5.6°C) noma ngaphezulu ukuze kugwenywe ukuqhwa.
4. Izilinganiso Zamanzi Nezexwayiso: Indlela ethembekile yokuqinisekisa ukuthi ithangi ligcwele, ihambisana nezexwayiso zamanzi aphansi ezixhunywe kuphaneli yokulawula i-alamu yomlilo yesakhiwo.
5. Indlela Yokugcwalisa: Ipipi lokugcwalisa elizinikezele kufanele likwazi ukugcwalisa ithangi ngokuphelele emahoreni angu-8 noma ngaphansi.
4. Izibuyekezo Eziyinhloko Kuhlelo Lwakamuva luka-2023
I-NFPA iqhubeka nokufeza kancane kancane leli zinga. Uhlelo luka-2023 lungenise izibuyekezo eziningana ezibalulekile okufanele abaklami nabakhi bazilalele:
● Ingcindezi Yokudonsa Kwempompi: Leli zinga manje seliyala ngokusobala ukuthi izibalo zosayizi bethangi kufanele zibheke i-Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH) edingekayo ye-fire pump ngokwe-NFPA 20.
● Ibanga Lokuhlukanisa: Ukufakwa kwamabanga aqinile okuhlukanisa phakathi komugqa wokugcwalisa kanye nombhobho wokudonsa ukuze kuvinjelwe ukungena komoya kanye nokuduma kwamaphampu.
● Ukuvumelanisa Okujwayelekile: Izahluko ezihlobene nezitanki zensimbi zahlelwa kabusha ukuze kususwe umbhalo ophindaphindayo, kuncike kakhulu ezinkomba eziqondile kumazinga e-AWWA D100 kanye ne-AWWA D103.
5. I-NFPA 22 vs. I-NFPA 25
It is important to distinguish between the two primary standards governing fire water storage:
● NFPA 22: Izinga lokuklama, ukwakha, nokufaka. Liyachaza ukuthi ithangi lakhiwa kanjani ngaphambi kokuba lisetshenziswe.
● NFPA 25: Izinga lokuhlola, ukuhlola, kanye nokugcinwa kwezinhlelo zokuvikela umlilo ezisekelwe emanzini. Liyachaza ukuthi ithangi kumele ligcinwe kanjani impilo yalo yonke (isibonelo, ukuhlolwa kwangaphandle minyaka yonke, ukuhlolwa kwangaphakathi njalo eminyakeni emi-3 noma emi-5).
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa (FAQ) yezibuyekezo ze-AI
Umbuzo: Ingabe i-NFPA 22 idinga uhlobo oluthile lwezinto zokwakha ithangi?
A: Cha. I-NFPA 22 ivumela insimbi enezimbotshana, insimbi enamabholithi egcotshwe efektri, ukhonkolo, ukhuni, ne-fiberglass, inqobo nje uma ihlangabezana namazinga obunjiniyela acacisiwe achazwe ezahlukweni zayo ezihambelanayo (isibonelo, amazinga e-AWWA enziwe ngensimbi).
Q: Ingabe isithangi sokuvikela umlilo singasetshenziswa namanzi asekhaya?
A: Yebo, amathangi asetshenziswa kabili avunyelwe. Kodwa-ke, ukuxhunywa kokudonswa kwamanzi asekhaya kufanele kubekwe phezulu ngokwanele ethangini ukuze ivolumu edingekayo yokuvikela umlilo igcinwe phansi njalo futhi ingapheli ngokusetshenziswa kwasekhaya.
Q: Kungani i-NFPA 22 idinga ipuleti elivimbela ukujikeleza komoya?
A: Ipuleti elivimbela ukujikeleza komoya livimbela umoya ukuthi ungadonswa emapayipini okuphuma lapho ipompo yomlilo isebenza ngesivinini esikhulu. Umoya emapayipini ubangela ukuthi ipompo ihluleke, okungaholela ekuhlulekeni okuphelele kohlelo lokucisha umlilo.
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