Izidingo Eziyinhloko Zokuklama Nokufaka Ngokwe-NFPA 22: Umhlahlandlela Wokuqonda
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Izidingo Zokuklama Nokufakwa Kwesakhiwo Esihambisana Ne-NFPA 22: Umhlahlandlela Wokufeza Izimfuno
I-NFPA 22: Izinga Lamathangi Amanzi Okukhahlanywa Ngomlilo Okuyimfihlo yilona uhlaka lobunjiniyela oluqinisekisa ukuthi isikhungo sakho sinamanzi omlilo athembekile, aqinile, futhi asebenzayo lapho kwenzeka inhlekelele. Noma ngabe uyila isikhungo sezimboni esisha noma ubuyekeza uhlelo olukhona lokuvikela umlilo, ukuqonda imiyalelo eyisisekelo yokuklama nokufaka ye-NFPA 22 kuyinto okungadingidwa. Lo mhlahlandlela uhlanganisa izinga eliyinkimbinkimbi ezidingweni ezibalulekile ozidingayo ukuze ugcine ukuthobela imithetho nokulungela ukusebenza.
1. Izidingo Zokulinganisa Nokuhamba Kwamanzi
Inhloso eyinhloko yesitanki esihambisana ne-NFPA 22 ukuhlinzeka ngezinga lokugeleza elidingekayo kanye nomfutho isikhathi esidingekayo.
● Umthamo Ongasetshenziswa Ngempela: I-NFPA 22 idinga ukuthi isitanki sakho silinganiswe ngokusekelwe kumthamo ongasetshenziswa ngempela"—umthamo wamanzi ophakathi kokungena komthombo wokudlula kanye nengxenye engezansi yepuleti le-vortex. Amanzi ahlala ngaphansi kwe-vortex plate abhekwa njengamanzi "afa" futhi awakwazi ukubalwa ekufuneni kwakho komlilo sekukonke.
● Ukufunwa Kwesistimu: Ukulinganisa kutholakala ngokuqinile ekufuneni kwesistimu yokuvikela umlilo (ama-sprinkler, ama-hydrant, ama-standpipe) kanye nesikhathi esidingekayo (isibonelo, amaminithi angu-30, 60, 90, noma angu-120) esinqunywe isigaba sengcuphe sesikhungo.
● Ukuphuma Okuthembekile: Noma amanye amakhodi evumela ukuphuma okuzenzakalelayo okuthembekile ukuze kukhokhelwe ivolumu yesitoreji ephelele, lokhu kufanele kufakazelwe ukuthi kuyathembeka futhi kungazimele umcimbi womlilo uqobo.
2. Izinto Ezidingekayo Ethanini (Izingxenye Zesistimu)
Ithangi libhekwa njenge-"ehambisanayo" kuphela uma lihlotshiswe ngezinsiza zokuphepha nokusebenza ezidingekayo ukuze kuvinjelwe ukwehluleka kohlelo. Izinto eziyinhloko ezidingekayo zihlanganisa:
● I-Anti-Vortex Plate: Ifakwe phezu komgqomo wokukhipha ukuze kuvinjelwe ukwakheka kwamavorteksi. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, umoya ungase mshwele ku-fire pump, ubangele i-cavitation nokwehluleka okukhulu kwe-pump.
● Izimbobo Zophahla Ezisheshayo: Zibalulekile ekulinganiseni ingcindezi. Njengoba amanzi ekhishwa ngevolumu ephezulu, umoya kufanele uwubuyisele ngokushesha ukuze uvimbele ingcindezi ye-vacuum ukuthi ingadala uphahla lwesitsha luqhekeke.
● Izinhlelo Zokushisa: Ezindaweni lapho izinga lokushisa eliphakathi kwehle ngaphansi kuka-40°F (4.4°C), amanzi kufanele agcinwe kuleli zinga noma ngaphezulu ukuze kuvinjwe ukwakheka kweqhwa.
● Ukuqapha Izinga Lamanzi: Amagajini alinganiswe kahle kanye nezishintshi zikagesi eziphakeme/eziphansi kufanele zixhunyezwe kuphaneli ye-alamu yomlilo egadwe njalo ukuze kunikezwe ukugadwa okukude.
3. Izindinganiso Zokwakhiwa Nezinto
I-NFPA 22 ichaza ukuthi amathangi kumele akhiwe ngokuhambisana namazinga aziwa kabanzi ezobunjiniyela. Awukwazi ukwakha ithangi nje kuphela; kumele lakhiwe ukuze likwazi ukumelana nemithwalo ethile yendawo ezungezile.
Izinto zethangi | Izinga lokuklama elisebenzayo | Okubalulekile kwezobunjiniyela |
Insingo eqinisiwe | I-AWWA D103 | Ukuhlanganiswa okuyimodular, izendlalelo ezilawulwa efektri. |
Insipho Eqoshiwe | AWWA D100 | Umthamo omkhulu, ukushisela/ukuhlola okukhethekile kwendawo. |
Ukhonkolo | ACI 350 / 318 | Ukuphila isikhathi eside, ubukhulu besakhiwo, ukuchayeka emvelweni. |
I-Fiberglass (FRP) | I-ASTM / Idatha Yomkhiqizi | Ukumelana namakhemikhali, ukungagqwali. |
Izidingo Zomthwalo Wesakhiwo: Yonke imiklamo yamathangi kufanele ibalalele:
● Umthwalo Ongashintshi: Isisindo sethangi, izingxenye, nezinye izinto.
● Umthwalo Obukhoma: Umthamo omkhulu wamanzi kanye neqhwa/u-ayisi ophahleni.
● Umoya Nezinyikimo: Izibalo ezithile zesayithi ezisuselwe kumakhodi wokwakha endawo.
4. Ukufakwa Nokuqalisa Ukusebenza
Ngaphambi kokuthi uhlelo luthathwe njengoluhambisana nemithetho emehlweni egunya elinikezwe amandla (AHJ), kufanele ludlule ezigabeni eziqinile zokufakwa nokuhlolwa.
1. Ukubuyekezwa kohlelo: Ngaphambi kokwakhiwa, kumele uhambise amashidi okucindezela ezobunjiniyela, izibalo zesakhiwo, nemininingwane yokubopha okuzinzile ku-AHJ.
2. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Hydrostatic: Ngemuva kokuqeda, ithangi kumele ligcwaliswe ngokugcwele ukuze kuhlolwe ukuvuza futhi kuqinisekiswe ubuqotho besakhiwo ngaphansi komthwalo ogcwele.
3. Ukugadwa: Wonke ama-valve nezingxenye ezibalulekile kumele zigadwe noma zikhiyiwe zivuliwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ithangi lihlale "lisebenza".
4. Imibhalo yesondlo: Kumele usungule uhlelo lwesondlo ngokwe-NFPA 25 (izinga lokuhlola, ukuhlola, nokugcina) ngokushesha nje lapho lifakwa.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa (FAQ)
Q: Yini umehluko phakathi kwe-NFPA 22 ne-NFPA 25?
A: Cabanga nge-NFPA 22 njengencwadi yemigomo "yokuklama/ukwakha"—iyachaza ukuthi ithangi kumele lakhiwe kanjani. I-NFPA 25 yincwadi yemigomo "yokunakekela"—iyachaza ukuthi kumele lihlolwe, lihlohlwe, futhi linakekelwe kanjani lelo thangi ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwalo.
Q: Ngingasebenzisa amanzi omphakathi ukuze kuvikelwe umlilo esikhundleni sethangi?
A: Ungakwazi, kodwa uma ukuhlinzekwa kukamasipala kungakwazi ukuhlangabezana nokugeleza namanzi adingekayo (noma uma ukuhlinzekwa kubhekwa njengokungathembekile), kudingeka ithangi lokugcina amanzi langasese elihambisana ne-NFPA 22.
Q: Ingaphakathi ethangini kudingeka lihlolwe kangaki?
A: Ngokuvamile, njalo eminyakeni emihlanu. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuvama kungahluka kuye ngempahla ethangi, ubukhona bezingubo zangaphakathi, kanye nemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwangaphambili.
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