NFPA 22: Umhlahlandlela Ophelele wezinhlobo zamathangi nezinto ezamukelwe
Kwadalwa ngo Ngokwamukisa
I-NFPA 22: Umhlahlandlela Ophelele Wezinhlobo Zamathangi Nezinto Ezivunyelwe
I-NFPA 22: Izinga Lamathangi Amanzi Okukhishwa Komlilo Okuyimfihlo ayisho nje ukuthi ithangi kumele likhona—ichaza ukuthi ithangi kumele lakhiwe kanjani, yiziphi izinto ezamukelekayo, nokuthi yimaphi amazinga okwakhiwa okumele ahlangatshezwane nawo. Kubaphathi bezindawo, onjiniyela, nabachwepheshe bezokuphepha komlilo, ukuqonda izigaba zezinto ezibonakalayo kubalulekile ukuze kuvunyelwe amaphrojekthi, ukubhaliswa komshwalense, nokwethembeka kwezimpahla zesikhathi eside.
1. Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlobo zamathangi e-NFPA 22
I-NFPA 22 ihlukanisa amathangi ngokusekelwe ezintweni ezisetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwawo kanye nomklamo wawo wokwakhiwa. Isigaba ngasinye silawulwa izahluko ezithile kuleli zinga, eziyala izidingo ezihlukile zokukhiqiza, ukufaka, nokuhlola.
Isifinyezo sezahluko zezinto ezisetshenziswa kumathangi e-NFPA 22
Uhlobo Lwezinto Zethangi | Isahluko se-NFPA 22 | Inkomba Eyinhloko Yobunjiniyela |
Insipho Yakhaboni Eyokhelwe | Isahluko 5 | AWWA D100 |
Insimbi Eqinile Eyenziwe Ngezikulufu | Isahluko 6 | AWWA D103 |
Amathangi Okucindezela | Isahluko 7 | Ikhodi ye-ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel |
Ukhuni | Isahluko 8 | I-NFPA 22 (Imininingwane Yokuklama Ethile) |
Indwangu Eqoshiwe (Embankment) | Isahluko 9 | Izimfuneko Zomkhiqizi Neze-NFPA 22 |
Ukhonkolo | Isahluko 10 | I-ACI 318 / I-ACI 350 |
I-Fiberglass-Eyenziwe Ngamandla (FRP) | Isahluko 11 | I-ASTM / Izindinganiso Zomkhiqizi |
2. Ukujula: Izici Zempahla Nokuhambisana
Ukukhetha impahla kuyisinqumo esiqhutshwa yizimo zesayithi, izidingo ze-seismic, nezabelomali zok maintenance.
I-Carbide Steel eBolted (I-Coated Factory)
Isixazululo esikhethwa umkhakha sokufaka okwakhiwe. Lezi zinqwaba ziqanjwa endaweni usebenzisa amaphaneli aqediwe endaweni yokulawula ifektri.
● Inzuzo Ebalulekile: Ukuhlanganiswa okusheshayo ngephaneli ezihlanganisiwe; kunciphisa ubungozi bokuwelda endaweni (imisebenzi eshisayo).
● I-Compliance Note: Kumele iklanywe ngokuhambisana ne-AWWA D103. Amaphaneli ngokuvamile abe ne-Glass-Fused-to-Steel (GFS) noma i-Fusion Bonded Epoxy (FBE) ukuvimbela ukugqwala kwangaphakathi.
I-Carbide Steel eWelded
I-"traditional" standard yegolide yokusebenza kwezindwangu ezinzima.
● Inzuzo Ebalulekile: Ukuqina okuphezulu kakhulu kokwakhiwa kanye namandla. Kulungele izinqwaba ezinkulu, ezinezigidi eziningi ze-gallon.
● I-Compliance Note: Iphathwa yi-AWWA D100. Iphakathi kokulawulwa kwekhwalithi okukhulu endaweni, ukuhlolwa okungalimazi (NDT) kokuwelda, nezinhlelo zokufaka ezisetshenziswa emkhakheni.
I-Concrete
Ivame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba noma ezimbozwe kancane, noma lapho kudingeka ubukhulu bokushisa ukuvimbela ukubanda.
● Inzuzo Ebalulekile: Ukumelana okuphezulu nokonakala kwemvelo yangaphandle kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside kakhulu.
● Inothi Lokuhambisana: Kufanele kwakhiwe ngokuya ngamazinga e-ACI 350 ezakhiweni zemvelo ukuvimbela ukuvuza kwamanzi nokugqwala kwe-rebar.
I-Fiberglass-Reinforced Plastic (FRP)
Okunye okungagqwalisi, okuvame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinamakhemikhali anzima noma lapho insimbi ingonakala ngokushesha.
● Isinzuzo Esibalulekile: Ukungagqwalisi ngokuphelele kwe-electrochemical corrosion.
● Inothi Lokuthobela: Kudinga ukunakwa ngokucophelela ukuvikelwa kwe-UV nokusekelwa ngesikhathi sokufakwa, njengoba i-FRP ingenayo i-modulus eyanele yensimbi.
3. Izinto Ezibalulekile Zokukhetha Izinto
Lapho uhamba nge-NFPA 22, ukukhetha izinto akusekelwe kuphela entengweni. Onjiniyela kufanele bahlole:
1. I-Corrosion Potential: Uma ikhwalithi yamanzi inzima noma indawo yasolwandle/yemboni, cabanga ngezinzuzo ze-"maintenance-free" zensimbi ebhawuziwe ye-GFS noma i-FRP ukugwema ukuphinda upende njalo.
2. Isikhathi Sokufakwa: Kumaphrojekthi asheshayo (isb., izimvume zokuhlala ezakhiweni ezintsha), amathangi ensimbi anama-bolted anikeza izikhathi zokuqedela ezisheshayo kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa ne-concrete efakwa endaweni noma insimbi eyenziwe ngensimbi.
3. Ukufinyelela Indawo: Uma indawo ikude noma inokufinyelela okunomkhawulo, amathangi ensimbi ahlanganiswe ngezikulufu (athunyelwa eyisicaba) kulula kakhulu ukuwahambisa kunamathangi amakhulu enziwe ngekhonkrithi noma izingxenye ezihlotshisiwe.
4. Ukuphathwa Kokushisa: Ikhonkrithi ngokwemvelo iyayibekezelela ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa. Amathangi ensimbi adinga izibalo eziqondile zokulahlekelwa ukushisa kanye nokufakwa kokushisa okuhlanganisiwe noma ukufakwa komshini ukuze kugcinwe izinga lokushisa elincane elingu-4.4°C (40°F) elibekwe yi-NFPA 22 ezindaweni eziyisithwathwa.
4. Uhlu Lokuhlola Olubalulekile Lokuqiniswa Kwezinto Zanoma Yiluphi Uhlobo
Kungakhathalekile ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwezinto olukhethiwe, i-Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) izodinga ukuthi ukufakwa kwethangi kusekelwe yilokhu okulandelayo:
● Amashidi Okucindezeleka Kwezobunjiniyela: Izibalo eziqinisekisa ukuthi ithangi lingakwazi ukubekezelela ukuhlanganiswa kwesisindo sethangi, isisindo samanzi, ukuzamazama komhlaba, nemithwalo yomoya.
● Umklamo Wosisekelo: Umklamo wosisekelo oqinile ngokwezibalo zomhlaba (indandatho yekhonkrithi noma i-slab) eyenzelwe uhlobo lwe-tank.
● Ubuqotho be-Anti-Vortex: Kungakhathalekile ukuthi yini eyenziwe ngayo, ithangi kumele libe ne-anti-vortex plate ehambisana ne-NFPA 22 phezu kokuphuma kwayo.
● Uvivinyo Lokwamukelwa (Isahluko 17): Ithangi ngalinye lidinga ukuhlolwa kwe-hydrostatic (ukugcwaliswa kuze kube ukugeleza) ukuqinisekisa ubuqotho bokwakhiwa nokuthola ukuvuza ngaphambi kokuthi uhlelo luqedwe.
Ubunyathi Bokuhlala Isikhathi Eside
I-NFPA 22 ihlinzeka ngomgwaqo wokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi okuvikela umlilo okuthembekile, kodwa ukukhetha impahla yethangi kubonisa iqiniso lokugcinwa kwesikhungo sakho esikhathini eside. Noma ngabe ukhetha isivinini esihlangene sensimbi ehlanganisiwe, ukuqina komklamo kwensimbi eyenziwe ngocingo, noma ukuqina kukakhonkolo, qiniseka ukuthi unjiniyela wakho wokuklama ubhekisa esahlukweni esithile se-NFPA 22 esihlotshaniswa naleyo mpahla ukuze uqinisekise ukugunyazwa kwephrojekthi.
Ingabe unomkhawulo othile wephrojekthi—njengendawo ekude noma indawo enyakaza kakhulu—ethinta ukukhetha kwakho impahla? Nginganikeza ukuhlaziywa okuqhathaniswayo kwezinhlobo zamathangi ezifanele kakhulu imvelo yakho ethile.
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