Ithangi Lokuhlanza Indle Yedolobha Elilodwa Elenzelwe Umsebenzi WaseMsebenzini Nokugeleza Okuqhubekayo
Kwadalwa ngo 09.03
Ithangi Lokuhlanza Indle Yamanzi Kamasipala Lomsebenzi Wemisebenzi Nokugeleza Okuqhubekayo
Uhlelo lokuhlanza indle yedolobha lusebenzisa amathangi okulinganisa, ukuhlala kokuqala, ukugcina udaka, ukugaya okungenawo umoya-mpilo kanye nokugcina umfula wokugcina, futhi umsebenzi ngamunye unomthamo namakhemikhali ahlukene. I-Glass-fused-to-steel ihlanganisa iningi lawo: ungqimba lwe-enamel luhlanganiswa ku-820–930 °C, luba ngugqinsi lwe-0.25–0.45 mm, alunamsebenzi ku-pH 1–14, luhlolwa nge-spark ku-1500 V DC ngemva kokuhlanganiswa futhi lucaciswa okungenani iminyaka engu-30. Imisebenzi ye-anaerobic isebenza nge-mesophilic ku-35–38 °C ngokugcinwa kwezinsuku ezingama-20–30 futhi ikhiqiza u-0.5–0.6 m³ we-biogas ngekhilogramu ngalinye lezinto eziqinile eziguqukayo ezifakiwe. Isinqumo sethangi esivame ukungahambi kahle ukuthenga isitsha esisodwa esijwayelekile semisebenzi eziphatha ngendlela ehlukile, nokushiya uphahla nomgudu wokuphefumula ngaphandle kobubanzi.
Umsebenzi uyaqhubeka, imvume iqinile, futhi amathangi yizinto ezisohlelweni lokuthenga okungekho muntu ofuna ukuba ngumnikazi wazo. Isitshalo sikamasipala kufanele siqhubeke sigeleza kulo wonke umsebenzi, ngakho ithangi elisha lokulinganisa alikwazi ukuvimba umzila, i-digester ayikwazi ukulahlekelwa igesi yayo, futhi ithangi lokuhlala lokuqala alikwazi ukuqala ukukhala ebusika besibili. Le ndatshana ihamba ngemisebenzi yamathangi esitshalweni sendle yamasipala, ukucabanga kosayizi wawo ngamunye, icala lokwakhiwa nge-enamel ne-bolted kudoti wamasipala, kanye nobubanzi bokusebenza nokuhlolwa uminjiniyeri wesitshalo okufanele abambelele kumphakeli.
Imisebenzi nokuthi ngayinye idinga ini
Ithangi lemisebenzi kamasipala iqoqo lamathangi ahlukene agqoke igama elifanayo. I-Equalisation ibamba ukugcwala kwesimo sezulu kanye nokugeleza okuphansi kwasebusuku, ngakho-ke ikalwa kusuka kujika lokugeleza futhi idinga isikhombisi sezinga esihle kanye nesingeniso esivimbelayo ukuze kugwenywe ukuvusa kabusha izinto eziqinile ezihlalile. Ukuhlunga kokuqala nokwesibili kungamathuluzi okuhlukanisa ngamandla adonsela phansi, akalwa ngezinga lokugeleza kwaphezulu kunokuba kalwe ngesikhathi sokugcina sodwa, futhi adinga indlela yokuqoqa udaka kanye necebo lokudonsa ingubo. Amathangi okugcina udaka adinga ukunyakaziswa kanye nomthamo owanele wokondla i-digester noma isitshalo sokukhipha amanzi ngendlela engaguquki. Ama-digester e-anaerobic adinga ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa, ukuxutshwa, kanye nohlelo lwophahla olubamba umngcele wegesi kuma-kilopascals ambalwa. Isitoreji sokugcina samanzi angcolile, esidingekayo ukuze kukhishwe noma ngamanzi asetshenziswa kabusha, kuwumsebenzi womthamo oqondile ogcizelela kakhulu ukuthi isembozo asingcolisi amanzi.
Ukulinganisa ngakunye kusuka emsebenzini wakho yiwona msebenzi wonke. Ukulinganisa kuthatha ukugeleza kwesimo sezulu esimanzi ngaphezu komthamo wokwelashwa futhi kuphindaphinde ngamahora okuphakama okufanele ukwamukele. Umthamo we-digester uvela ezingeni lokulayisha izinto eziphilayo eziguquguqukayo ku-mesophilic 35–38 °C ngokugcinwa kwezinsuku ezingama-20–30. Ukugcinwa kwe-sludge kuvela ekukhiqizweni kwansuku zonke kwe-sludge emanzi okuphindaphindwe ngezinsuku zokugcina ezidingwa indlela yokukhipha amanzi. Yenza lezi zibalo ezine ngokwehlukana futhi uhlu lwezinto ezidingekayo lubukeka luhluke kakhulu kulolo olutholayo ngokusebenzisa umthetho owodwa kuzo zonke.
Kungani i-glass-fused-to-steel ifaneleka amanzi angcolile kamasipala
Indawo yodaka nokugaywa kwadwo iyona ebula insimbi evamile ene-lining. Udaka lukamasipala lungena kwi-anaerobic ngokushesha lapho luyeka ukunyakaza, lwehlisa i-pH endaweni futhi lukhiqize i-sulphide, i-ammonia nama-asidi akhishayo. Ingaphakathi lensimbi ye-carbon steel ependiwe kuleyo ndawo lihluleka emgqeni woketshezi nangaphansi kwengubo. Amaphaneli e-glass-fused-to-steel akhiqizwa ngokuhlanganisa i-enamel nensimbi ku-820–930 °C ibe ungqimba lwe-0.25–0.45 mm olulinganiselwa ngaphezu kwe-3,450 N/cm², olungenakusabela ngamakhemikhali ku-pH 1–14, olunendawo engaphansi kwe-Ra 0.8 µm emelana ne-biofilm nokugcinwa kwemfucuza. Lokho kususa ukugqwala kwe-lining ohlwini lwezinto ezihlulekayo futhi kushiya i-delamination ne-pinhole njengezindlela ezimbili eziqondene ne-enamel, zombili ezibanjwa efektriyi ngokuhlolwa kwe-spark ye-1500 V DC esikhundleni sokutholwa kamuva ngumsebenzi.
Ifomethi eboshiwe ibalulekile emisebenzini kamasipala ngenxa yezizathu zokuhlela nokunakekela. Amaphaneli acishe abe ngu-1.2 m ububanzi ahamba ngokucaba esizeni sokusebenza, ngakho ithangi lingakhiwa ngaphakathi kwemboni esebenzayo ngaphandle kwephedi enkulu yokhreni noma ukuvalwa komgwaqo. Amajoyinti afakwe ama-gasket e-EPDM kanye namabhawudi ezinga le-8.8, ayahlolwa, futhi iphaneli elilodwa lingashintshwa bese uqweqwe luhlolwa kabusha ngaphandle kokukhipha ithangi ekusebenzeni uma umsebenzi uvuma. Amaphaneli engeziwe angakhuphula ubude kamuva, okubalulekile lapho umsebenzi ugunyazwe ukuthi ugeleze umthamo ozofika eminyakeni emihlanu.
Ukugaya kwe-anaerobic kanye nomngcele wegesi
Ukugaywa kuyinqubo yegesi enengcindezi ephansi, futhi uphahla luyisitsha sokucindezela. I-digester isebenza eduze nomkhathi womhlaba kanti indawo yekhanda igcinwa kuma-kilopascal ambalwa kuphela ngophahla olunamangqamuzana amabili noma olwendwangu yengilazi, okunethi yokukhipha umoya kanye nesibambi somlilo emugqeni wegesi. Ukulichaza njengesitsha sokucindezela kunezela izindleko futhi akunezeli lutho; ukuchaza uphahla oluvulekile kulahlekelwa igesi. Ingaphakathi lengqamuzana lithwala ingcindezi ebizwa ngokuthi cishe u-2–3 kPa futhi yonke inhlanganisela kufanele ihlolwe ngokumelene nomthwalo womoya neqhwa wendawo, othathwe ku-ADM 2015 noma i-ASCE 7-10 lapho kusetshenziswa uphahla oluqinile esikhundleni salokho.
Izinombolo zenqubo ezibalulekile ekulinganiseni usayizi: i-mesophilic 35–38 °C, ukugcinwa kwamanzi emanzini kwansuku ezingama-20–30 kudaka lwasemadolobheni olujwayelekile, umkhiqizo we-biogas ongu-0.5–0.6 m³ ngekhilogramu ngalinye lezinto eziqinile eziguquguqukayo ezifakiwe ene-methane engaba ngu-60 ekhulwini, kanye nohlelo lokugovuza oluvimbela ungqimba lwe-scum kanye nokuhla kwesihlabathi. Igesi idinga ukukhishwa kwesulfure nge-FeCl₃ dosing noma umbhede we-iron oxide owomile ngaphambi kokuba ifinyelele kubhoyila noma ku-genset. I-H₂S ihlasela insimbi ngaphansi kwethangi, futhi ihlasela ingaphansi kophahla lwethangi ngokwalo uma uphahla lungavikelwe, okuyisizathu sokuthi uphahla nendawo yokukhipha umoya kufanele kube yingxenye yomsebenzi kunokuba kube yiphakethe elihlukile.
Incazelo Yezobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Inothi |
Izinga lokushisa le-digester | 35–38 °C i-mesophilic | 50–55 °C i-thermophilic uma ukushisa kukhona |
Isikhathi sokugcina se-hydraulic | Izinsuku ezingama-20–30 | i-conventional municipal sludge |
Umkhiqizo we-Biogas | 0.5–0.6 m³ nge-kg ngayinye ye-VS engeziwe | qinisekisa ngokuhambisana nesimo se-sludge yendawo |
Ingcindezi ye-Head space | ama-kPa ambalwa, i-inner membrane ~2–3 kPa | i-relief device ne-flame arrestor |
Izinga lokuncibilika kwe-Enamel | 820–930 °C | umjikelezo owodwa we-thermal fusion |
Ubukhulu bongqimba lwe-Enamel | 0.25–0.45 mm | Ukuhlolwa kwe-spark ye-1500 V DC ngemuva kokuhlanganisa |
Ukumelana ne-pH kwe-enamel | 1–14 | i-inert ngokusebenzisa ingubo ye-anaerobic |
Ukuqina kwendawo yangaphakathi | Ra < 0.8 µm | imelana ne-biofilm ezindongeni zokuhlala |
Ububanzi bephaneli | cishe u-1.2 m | ihamba icaba, ukuhlanganiswa okuhlanganisiwe okunamabhawodi |
Izinga lebhawodi | amabhawodi ezinga lika-8.8 | ukuxhumana okuvimbela ukugqwala |
Isimo somthwalo wophahla | ADM 2015 / ASCE 7-10 | umoya neqhwa lendawo |
Impilo yokuklama | okungenani iminyaka engama-30 | ngaphansi kwensizakalo yamanzi angcolile ecacisiwe |
Commissioning and the inspection that protects the asset
Ukuqashwa kwethangi eliboshwe ngamabhawudi kuyindlela emfushane uma kwakuhlelwe: hlola ukuhla kwengqimba yensimbi kanye nokuyindilinga komugqa wokuqala, qinisa amabhawudi ngenani elishiwo, hlola isihlalo se-gasket kuwo wonke amalunga aqondile kanye nalawo avundlile, hlola i-enamel ehlanganisiwe nge-spark test ku-1500 V DC, bese ugcwalisa futhi uhlole ukuziphatha kwezinga. Izinto ezimbili ezivame ukweqiwa i-re-torque ngemva kokugcwalisa kokuqala, lapho i-gasket ihla khona phezu kwesihlalo sayo, kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-torque kumabhawudi e-roof skirt ngemva komcimbi wokuqala womoya. Kokubili kuyimisebenzi yesigamu sosuku evimbela ukuconsa kwesizini abasebenzi bokulungisa bakamasipala abakufunda ukukuthwala ithangi ngokuthi lidala kakhulu.
Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kube lula: i-coating yangaphandle namakhanda amabhawodi, i-gasket esemgodini wokungena nakuwo wonke amalunga avuliwe, i-vent kanye nohlelo lwegesi olungaphansi kwayo, ithuluzi lezinga, kanye nendawo yokuhlala okufanele ikhishwe ngohlelo oluchaziwe. Lapho umsebenzi unedijesta ye-anaerobic, engeza ucwaningo lwe-membrane yophahla, ukuhlolwa kwesethi yokukhulula kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-flame arrestor yomugqa wegesi emjikelezweni wonyaka ofanayo.
Icala Lomsebenzi
Iphrojekthi | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Amathangi e-municipal wastewater, amayunithi angu-10 | China, Sichuan | Amathangi e-GFS | 17,420 m³ isiyonke | ukuhlinzeka nokuhlanganisa endaweni |
Amathangi e-Industrial wastewater, amayunithi angu-27 | China, Xinjiang | Amathangi e-GFS | 30,469 m³ isiyonke | ukuhlinzeka nokuqondisa |
Amathangi e-Brewery wastewater | China, Sichuan | Amathangi e-GFS | 14,655 m³ | ukuhlinzeka ngetanki eliboshiwe nophahla |
Ingxenye ye-Anaerobic yezindeki ze-beans-process wastewater | China, Hebei | Amathangi e-GFS digester | isigaba senqubo ye-anaerobic | ukuhlinzeka ngamathangi kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwenqubo |
Ikhono Lobunjiniyela le-Center Enamel
UCenter Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isungule futhi yakha amathangi okugcina anezibophezelo kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi ensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka amathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingama-150,000 m² sengezwe ukukhulisa umthamo wokukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, i-WRAS, i-FDA, i-LFGB, i-CE (EN 1090), i-ISO 28765, i-FM, i-BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukuklama kubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo lokusetshenziswa ludinga khona.
Kumsebenzi kamasipala lokhu kuhlanganisa yonke imisebenzi esohlwini evela kumhlinzeki oyedwa: ukulinganisa, ukuhlanza, ukugcina udaka kanye nokugaya i-anaerobic, kanye nophahla lwe-digester, i-membrane kanye nomngcele wokusiza okulethwa kanye negobolondo kunokuba kufakwe kamuva.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Ingabe ithangi elilodwa le-GFS lingasebenza imisebenzi eminingi emsebenzini?
Impendulo 1: Kufanele kucatshangelwe kuphela lapho ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kufana khona futhi umthamo ungakwazi ukwabelana ngokulawula izinga. Ukulinganisa, ukugaya kanye nokugcina kokugcina kuhluke ngokwanele ukuthi amathangi ahlukene ngokuvamile ayimpendulo engcono yobunjiniyela.
Umbuzo 2: Kungani i-enamel ingcono kunopende we-digester?
A2: Ngoba izingqimba zodaka ziba ne-anaerobic futhi zibe ne-asidi kanti i-enamel ayisebenzi kuzo zonke izimo ze-pH 1–14. Lokhu kususa ukugqwala kwezindonga njengembangela yokwehluleka futhi kushiya i-gasket, amabhawodi nophahla njengezinto zokulungisa.
Q3: Ingabe i-digester iyisitsha somfutho?
A3: Cha. Iyithangi elicishe libe sezingeni lomkhathi elinophahla oluguquguqukayo olubamba ama-kilopascal ambalwa. Umngcele womfutho i-membrane yophahla, idivayisi yokukhulula kanye ne-flame arrestor emugqeni wegesi.
Q4: Uwukala kanjani umthamo we-digester?
A4: Kusukela ezingeni lokulayisha kwezinto eziphilayo eziguqukayo kanye nesikhathi sokugcina osifunayo: i-mesophilic 35–38 °C enezinsuku zokugcina ezingama-20–30 iyibhendi ejwayelekile yodaka lukamasipala, okunikeza umthamo wokusebenza, bese wengeza isikhala samahhala se-scum nendawo yegesi.
Q5: Ingakanani igesi okufanele yenziwe yi-digester?
A5: Hlela ukuthi kube no-0.5–0.6 m³ we-biogas ngekhilogramu yezinto eziqinile eziguqukayo ezingezwe, cishe amaphesenti angu-60 e-methane, futhi uqinisekise ngokuhlolwa kwe-bench endaweni yodaka lwendawo esikhundleni senombolo yezincwadi.
Q6: Isikhathi sokuhlola kuthangi le-GFS likamasipala siyini?
A6: Ukuhlolwa kwe-torque ne-gasket ngesikhathi sokuqalisa nangemva kokugcwaliswa kokuqala, ukubuyekezwa kwangaphandle nophahla minyaka yonke, ukuhlolwa ngokuhlanganyela noma nini lapho kuvulwa iphaneli, nokuhlolwa kabusha kwe-spark ngemva kokushintshwa kwephaneli.
Q7: Ingabe umsebenzi ungangeza umthamo kamuva?
A7: Yebo. Amathangi aboshiwe angaphakanyiswa ngamaphaneli engeziwe noma adidiyelwe neyunithi entsha, futhi ukucacisa i-ring beam yesimo esikhulu ngesikhathi sokuqala umsebenzi kuwukuphepha okushibhile.
Uhlelo lwethangi lokuhlanza indle yamanzi kamasipala lusebenza kahle lapho umsebenzi ngamunye ulinganiswa ngokwenqubo yawo, futhi igobolondo, uphahla kanye nendawo yokuphefumula kucaciswa ndawonye. I-Glass-fused-to-steel iphendula umbuzo wokugqwala kuyo yonke imisebenzi yokulinganisa, ukuhlala, udaka kanye nokugaya, futhi ifomethi eboshiwe igcina umsebenzi uqhubeka ngenkathi ithangi likhula. Thola isikhathi sokugcina, umngcele wegesi kanye nohlelo lokuhlola ngqo ekuklonyelisweni futhi ithangi lizodlula imvume eyayiqhuba iphrojekthi.
Sithumele ijika lokugeleza, ukukhiqizwa kwe-sludge, indlela yokugaya kanye neploti, futhi sizokubuyisela ukulinganisa komsebenzi ngamunye, uhlu lwamathangi, kanye nephakethe lefayela lobuchwepheshe.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Sizobuyekeza ukugeleza kwemisebenzi yakho nedatha ye-sludge ngaphambi kokuncoma uhlu lwamathangi. Yabelana ngokugeleza kwedizayini, ukukhuphuka kwesimo sezulu esimanzi, izinto eziguquguqukayo eziqinile kanye nokuthi ukugaya kuyingxenye yomsebenzi, futhi uzothola ukulinganisa okubhaliwe, isiphakamiso sokufaka uphahla kanye nemidwebo yokubuyekeza. Ubunjiniyela kuqala, akukho ingcindezi yokuthenga.
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