Amathangi Okwelapha I-Leachate Ngohlelo Lokuphendula Lokulinganisa
Kwadalwa ngo 09.03
Amathangi Okwelapha I-Leachate Ngokusebenzisa Uhlelo Lokuphendula Lokulinganisa
Amathangi okwelapha i-leachate anezindima eziningana endaweni eyodwa: ukugcina i-leachate eluhlaza, ukulinganisa, ukufaka amakhemikhali noma ukusabela kokungathathi hlangothi, kanye nokugcina umfula ohlanjululwe noma i-concentrate. Umsebenzi ngamunye unesikhathi sokuhlala esihlukile kanye nekhemistri ehlukile, ngakho ngamunye udinga ukucaciswa kwawo kunokuba kube yithangi elilodwa elijwayelekile. I-Glass-fused-to-steel ibamba imisebenzi eluhlaza kanye neyokulinganisa ngoba i-enamel ayisebenzi kuma-pH 1–14; izitsha zokusabela ezidinga ukunyakaziswa noma ukulawulwa kwe-pH kufanele zisahlolwe ngokumelene namakhemikhali athile kanye nezinga lokushisa. Izinto zokuklama ezinquma impilo yesevisi ukwelashwa kwesikhala segesi, ukunyakaziswa okuvimbela ukuhla, kanye nempahla ye-gasket kuzo zonke izihlanganisi eziboshiwe.
Iplanti yokucubungula indawo yokulahla imfucuza iwuchungechunge, futhi amathangi akulo aziphatha ngendlela ehlukile. I-leachate eluhlaza ifika ngezinga eliguquguqukayo nokwakheka okuguquguqukayo futhi kufanele igcinwe. Ukulinganisa kuhlanganisa ukuguquguquka ukuze inqubo elandelayo ithole ukudla engakwazi ukukucubungula. Ukunciphisa noma ukugxilisa amakhemikhali kwenzeka ethangini elinyakaziswayo futhi elifakwa imithi. Bese kuthi i-effluent ecubunguliwe nanoma yikuphi ukugxilisa kwe-reverse-osmosis kudinga ukugcinwa ngaphambi kokukhishwa noma ukuhwamuka. Ukuthenga konke lokhu njengomkhumbi ofanayo ngoba konke "kuyimathangi e-leachate" kuyiphutha elivamile futhi elibizayo. Le ndatshana ihlukanisa imisebenzi, inikeza izinto zokuklama zayo ngayinye, futhi ichaza ukuthi yini okufanele icaciswe ukuze uchungechunge lusebenze ngaphandle kokwehluleka kwe-lining ngonyaka wesithathu.
Umsebenzi ngomsebenzi: yini ithangi ngalinye eliyenzayo ngempela
Ukugcinwa kwe-leachate eluhlaza kuyinkinga yokugcina; ukulinganisa kuyinkinga yokuxuba. Ithangi lokugcina kufanele limane livala igebe phakathi kokufika nomthamo wokucubungula ngesilinganiso esibi kakhulu sokukhiqiza, linendawo eyanele yokukhululeka ukuze likwazi ukumelana nesikhathi sokuphela kwesonto lapho umugqa wokucubungula ungasebenzi. Izinto eziguquguqukayo zokuklama kwayo umthamo, ukuhlelwa kwendawo yokungena okugwema ukuphazamisa izinto eziqinile ezihlala phansi, kanye nesibonisi sezinga umphathi wemboni ongakwazi ukusibona. Ithangi lokulinganisa lenza into ecashile kakhulu: lilinganisa ukwakheka ukuze umthamo wokunciphisa kanye nomthwalo webhayoloji ezansi kuyeke ukushintshashintsha. Lokho kusho ukugcinwa isikhathi eside, ngokuvamile ukuhlelwa okuxubene kahle noma okunama-baffle kancane, kanye nendawo yokuphuma ethatha endaweni exutshiwe kunokuthatha phansi lapho izinto eziqinile zihlala khona.
Amathangi okusabela kanye nokulinganisa ukudla yiwona adinga ukuhlolisiswa okukhulu, ngoba athwala ikhemikhali eyengeziwe engazange ifakwe ekuhlaziyweni kwasekuqaleni kwe-leachate. I-asidi noma isisekelo sokulungisa i-pH, i-coagulant ne-polymer yokukhipha inzika, kanye ne-oxidant yokususa insimbi noma umbala ngakunye kuletha umbuzo waso wokuhambisana. I-envelope ye-enamel ihlanganisa lonke ibanga le-pH 1–14 kuzo zombili iziphetho, kodwa i-oxidant enamandla noma i-asidi egxilile emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kufanele kube ukuhlolwa kwezinto okubhalisiwe kunokucabanga nje. Ukunyakazisa kule mathangi akukhona ukunethezeka: ngaphandle kwako, izinto ezihlala phansi zihlala zibe umbhede oqinile phansi futhi umthamo osebenzayo wehla.
Ukukhetha kwe-lining kanye nenkinga yesikhala segesi
Ingozi enkulu yokugqwala ethangini le-leachate akuwona uketshezi, iyindawo engaphezulu. I-leachate eluhlaza ikhipha i-carbon dioxide, i-hydrogen sulphide ne-ammonia endaweni yomhwamuko engaphezu komugqa woketshezi. Izinto zokumboza ezisezingeni lokucwiliswa zivame ukungenzi kahle kuleso simo somhwamuko onomswakama nosulphide, futhi insimbi engenalutho esigabeni esiphezulu yehluleka ngokushesha. I-Glass-fused-to-steel ixazulula uhlangothi loketshezi ngokuphelele, futhi impendulo esebenzayo yohlangothi lwegesi ukwelapha uphahla nomgudu wokukhipha umoya njengezincazelo zazo: uhlelo lwophahla olune-corrosion allowance efanele noma i-coating, umgudu wokukhipha umoya olinganiselwe ukukhiqizwa kwegesi, futhi lapho uphahla luyi-membrane eqinile yegesi, i-pressure ne-vacuum relief ebekwe kuma-kilopascals ambalwa kuphela.
Enye indlela yokumboza i-fusion-bonded epoxy, efakwa nge-electrostatic futhi yelashwe yaba ifilimu engu-180–280 µm enokumelana ne-salt spray engaphezu kwamahora angu-4000 ngaphansi kwe-AWWA C550, okuyifilimu yempushana encibilikisiwe hhayi upende futhi ibamba kahle ezindaweni zokucwila nokuchaphaza. I-hot-dip galvanising ayiyona into engase ikhethwe lapha; i-zinc ayifaneleki emsebenzini onama-asidi ne-chloride ephezulu. Lapho iphrojekthi incika egobolondweni elishishelwe insimbi engagqwali, i-316L iyigredidi evamile yomsebenzi onama-chloride futhi imithungo yasensimini idinga ukuhlolwa okungabhubhisi ngaphambi kokuba ithangi liqale ukusetshenziswa, okuyisizathu sokuthi amaphrojekthi amaningi e-leachate akhethe igobolondo le-enamel eliboshiwe esikhundleni salokho.
Ukugovuza, ukuhlala phansi kanye nezinto ezihlala phansi
Ithangi le-leachate elingenakho ukuxutshwa liba yindawo yokunqwabelana kwenhlabathi, futhi indawo yokunqwabelana kwenhlabathi ilahlekelwa umthamo. Izinto eziqinile ezivela ku-leachate eluhlaza zihlala phansi phakathi namahora ambalwa. Ethangini lokugcina lokho kuyamukeleka uma indawo yokungena ihlelwe ngendlela yokuthi ungqimba oluhleliwe lungaphazanyiswa futhi kukhona into yokukhipha noma yokugeza phansi. Ethangini lokulinganisa lokho akwamukeleki, ngoba inhloso yonke iwukuxuba ngokuxutshwa; isisombululo umoya othambile noma ukuxutshwa komshini okulinganiswe ukugcina izinto eziqinile zinyakaza ngaphandle kokuhlukanisa ingubo ibe yimanzi okukhishwayo. Isihlukanisi noma iyunithi ye-dissolved air flotation engaphezulu ishintsha isibalo ngokuphelele futhi ngokuvamile yenza amathangi angaphansi abe mancane.
Ngendlela ye-anaerobic esigabeni esihlala phansi — futhi imifudlana eminingi ye-leachate inezinga elingcolile lezinto eziqinile elenza ukugaywa kwezinto kube nokwenzeka — ibhendi yokusebenza i-mesophilic ku-35–38 °C nokugcinwa kwezinsuku ezingama-20–30, futhi igesi inenani eliphezulu le-hydrogen sulphide. I-enamel ayisebenzi ne-sulphide eketshezini, kodwa ama-boiler angaphansi nokuphathwa kwegesi kudinga ukususwa kwesulphur nge-FeCl₃ dosing noma umbhede we-iron oxide owomile. Leso yisinqumo senqubo, hhayi isinqumo sethangi, kodwa siyingxenye yomhlangano ofanayo wokuklama ngoba isikhala segesi sethangi kanye nohlelo lwegesi kuxhumene.
Incazelo Yezobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Qaphela |
Izinga lokushisa lokuhlangana kwe-enamel | 820–930 °C | ingilazi ehlanganiswe nensimbi ngomjikelezo owodwa |
Ubukhulu bongqimba lwe-enamel | 0.25–0.45 mm | Ukuhlolwa kwe-spark ye-1500 V DC ngemva kokuhlanganiswa |
Amandla okucindezela kwengqimba ye-enamel | ngaphezu kuka-3,450 N/cm² | kukalwa kwengqimba ye-enamel |
Ukumelana ne-pH kwe-enamel | 1–14 | ihlanganisa i-leachate eluhlaza ene-asidi kanye ne-alkaline ephathwayo |
Ukuqina kwendawo yangaphakathi | Ra < 0.8 µm | kwehlisa ukunamathela kwediphozithi odongeni |
Impilo yokuklama | okungenani iminyaka engu-30 | ngaphansi kwensizakalo yamakhemikhali ecacisiwe |
Ububanzi bephaneli | cishe u-1.2 m | iphaneli eboshiwe, ithunyelwa icaba endaweni |
Izinga lamabhawudi | amabhawudi ezinga le-8.8 | ukuxhumana okuvimbela ukugqwala |
I-Gasket | I-EPDM, qinisekisa ngokumelene ne-pH kanye nezinga lokushisa | into egugayo ohlwini lokuhlola |
Enye indlela ye-FBE | 180–280 µm, ngaphezu kwama-4000 h okufafazwa ngosawoti | Indlela yokumboza ye-AWWA C550 |
Ikilasi lengcindezi | kusuka emoyeni kuya engcindezini ephansi | uphahla, umoya kanye nokukhululeka kusetha umngcele |
Ukunyakazisa | okomshini noma kwegesi, okuhambisana nezinga lokuhla | ivimbela ukulahleka komthamo wenzika |
Ukucacisa uchungechunge nokuthi yini okufanele kunikezwe usonkontileka
Ikhasi lokucacisa elisebenzayo libala ithangi ngalinye ngokwehlukana nomsebenzi walo, umthamo, isikhathi sokugcina, imfuneko yokuxutshwa, ukuhlelwa kokungena nokuphuma, kanye nokuhlaziywa koketshezi ngokuhluka okulindelekile. Kulelo thangi ngalinye libala isembozo sangaphakathi ne-gasket, uhlobo lwophahla nolwomoya kanye nesethingi yokukhulula, izinsiza zokulinganisa izinga, kanye nokufinyelela kokuhlola. Lichaza iphrothokholi yokuhlola: ukuhlolwa kwenhlansi ye-1500 V DC kugobolondo oluhlanganisiwe lwe-enamel, ukutholwa kwe-holiday kwe-epoxy, kanye nokuhlolwa okuvunyelwene ngakho kwe-hydrostatic noma kwezinga ngaphambi kokunikezwa. Futhi libala isithenjwa sokuklama esisebenzayo, lapho lokho kuyi-AWWA D103-09 noma i-AWWA C550 ohlangothini lwamanzi nokumboza kanye ne-NFPA lapho kusebenza khona ukuphathwa komlilo noma kwegesi.
Lapho iphrojekthi isesigabeni sesevisi ngaphandle kokuhanjiswa okuthe qhondé okusefayeleni, sichaza okuhanjiswayo emisebenzini eseduze yamanzi angcolile kamasipala kanye nezimboni, kanye nobubanzi bomthamo okuqinisekiswa incazelo yephrojekthi. Lokho kuyisitatimende esiwusizo kakhulu kunephrojekthi ezwakala sengathi ingenzeka kodwa engazange yenzeke, futhi kufanele kuthathwe kanjalo lapho kuqhathaniswa ababhidi.
Icala lePhrojekthi
Iphrojekthi | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Amathangi e-leachate, amayunithi amabili | China, Beijing | Amathangi e-GFS | 9,682 m³ | φ16.23 × 23.4 m, ukuhlinzeka nokugada |
Ithangi le-leachate elishiselwe | China, Hebei | ithangi lensimbi elishiselwe | insizakalo ye-leachate | ukuhlinzeka nokushisela endaweni |
Ithangi lamanzi angcolile amakhemikhali | China, Zhejiang | Ithangi le-GFS | 11,613 m³ | φ24.45 × 19.8 m, ukuhlinzeka |
Amathangi e-epoxy amakhemikhali, amayunithi angu-11 | China, Guangxi | amathangi e-epoxy ahlanganiswe ngokushisa | 4,771 m³ isiyonke | ukuhlinzeka nokugada |
Ikhono Lobunjiniyela le-Center Enamel
UCenter Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isungule futhi yakha amathangi okugcina anezibophezelo kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi ensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi angu-300,000 ahlanganiswe ne-enamel ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe umthamo wokukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, i-WRAS, i-FDA, i-LFGB, i-CE (EN 1090), i-ISO 28765, i-FM, i-BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukwakhiwa kubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho isicelo sidinga khona.
Ekuhlinzekweni kokwelashwa kwe-leachate, ububanzi obufanele yizigobho zokugcina nokulinganisa ngensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi, ukuhlelwa kophahla nokukhipha umoya endaweni enesulfidi, kanye nokuxhumana nokuhlehliswa kwe-anaerobic noma uhlelo lokulahla lapho ikhemistri yokusabela kufanele ihlolwe ngokumelene ne-lining ngaphambi kokuba kuthathwe isitsha.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Yimuphi umsebenzi we-leachate okufanele uthole ithangi lensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi?
Impendulo 1: Ukugcinwa okungakacutshungulwa nokulinganiswa, okuyiningi lweketanga, ngoba i-enamel ayisebenzi ku-pH 1–14. Izitsha zokuphendula zidinga ukuhlolwa okubhaliwe ngokumelene nekhemikhali ethile eyengeziwe, futhi ukugcinwa kwamanzi angcolile noma i-concentrate ngokuvamile kungaphakathi kwendawo efanayo.
Umbuzo 2: Ingabe ithangi le-leachate lidinga ukugitsheliswa?
A2: Ekuqondeni okulinganayo yebo, noma ithangi liba yisihlanzi futhi lilahlekelwe umthamo. Ethangini lokugcina elingahluziwe ungqimba oluzinzile lwamukelekile uma indawo yokungena ingaluphazamisi futhi kukhona indawo yokugeza phansi.
Q3: Uyibhekana kanjani ne-hydrogen sulphide endaweni engaphezulu?
A3: Ngokuphatha uphahla nomoya njengencazelo ehlukile kusukela kumaleko: imvume yokugqwala noma ukumboza ensimbi yophahla, umoya olinganiselwe ukukhiqizwa kwegesi, kanye nophahla lwe-membrane olungangenisi igesi olunokukhululeka kwengcindezi ne-vacuum lapho isiza sidinga ukuvalwa.
Q4: Ingabe amathangi angaboshwa ngamabhawodi esikhundleni sokushiselwa?
A4: Yebo, futhi endaweni yokulahla imfucuza ngokuvamile kuyindlela engcono kakhulu ngoba amaphaneli ahamba ngokuthutha okujwayelekile aya endaweni ekude, akukho ukumbozwa kwangaphakathi kwenkundla, futhi amajoyinti aboshiwe ayahlolwa eminyakeni ezayo.
Q5: Iyiphi into yegasket efanele i-leachate?
A5: I-EPDM ivamile emsebenzini wamanzi namanzi angcolile, kodwa igasket kufanele iqinisekiswe ngokumelene ne-pH ethile, izinga lokushisa nanoma yikuphi ukufakwa kwamakhemikhali, ngoba igasket iyaguga emsebenzini ngisho nalapho ulwelwesi lungagugi.
Q6: Ingabe indlela ye-anaerobic iyenzeka ngempela ezinhlakeni ze-leachate?
A6: Lapho umfudlana uphethe ingxenye ye-organic edidayo, i-digester ye-mesophilic 35–38 °C enokugcinwa kwezinsuku ezingama-20–30 iyindlela ejwayelekile, kanye nokususwa kwesibabule kugesi ngaphambi kokuba ifike kunoma yimuphi ubhayela noma i-genset.
Q7: Yini okufanele ibe kuhlelo lokuhlola?
A7: I-torque yebhawudi kanye nesimo segasket emihlanganweni eqondile, i-coating yangaphandle, ukubukeka kwe-enamel emugqeni woketshezi, isilinganisi sezinga, i-vent, kanye nokuhlolwa kabusha kwe-spark ngemva kwanoma yiliphi iphaneli eliye lavulwa.
Amathangi okwelapha i-leachate acaciswa ngendlela efanele umsebenzi munye ngesikhathi. Bamba, ulinganise, uphendule futhi ubambe umkhiqizo, ngalinye linomthamo walo, ikhemistri kanye nesidingo sokugovuza, futhi nophahla, isiphephetha-moya kanye ne-gasket kukhethwa kanye ne-lining hhayi ngemuva kwayo. Yenza lokho futhi uchungechunge luyasebenza; kuyeke futhi ukwehluleka kokuqala kwe-lining kuzoba kuthangi elingekho muntu owacacisa ngokuningiliziwe.
Sithumele uhlelo lokwelashwa, ukuhlaziywa kwe-leachate nokuhluka kwayo, ukugeleza kanye nokugcinwa okudingayo esigabeni ngasinye, futhi sizokubuyisela incazelo yetanki ngalinye, ukukhethwa kwe-lining ne-gasket kanye nephakethe yefayela lobuchwepheshe.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Sizosebenza ngalo lonke uhlelo nawe ngaphambi kokusho intengo yesitsha esisodwa. Yabelana ngokugeleza, ikhemistri esigabeni ngasinye kanye nepulani, futhi uzothola uhlu lwamathangi ngomsebenzi ngamunye, isincomo sezinto ezisetshenziswayo kanye nezizathu zaso, kanye nemidwebo. Igalelo lobunjiniyela kuqala, ngaphandle kwengcindezi yoku-oda.
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