Amathangi Okugcina Uketshezi Oluvuza Ezindaweni Zokulahla Udoti, Aklanyelwe Ukubhekana Noketshezi Olugqwalisa Kakhulu
Kwadalwa ngo 09.03
Amathangi Okugcina I-Leachate Yase-Landfill Wokusebenza Kwe-Leachate Enolaka
I-landfill leachate ingenye yezinto eziwuketshezi ezilimaza kakhulu engasetshenziswa ithangi lokugcina: i-pH ingaba ne-asidi enamandla kakhulu noma i-alkaline, i-chloride ne-ammonia ziphezulu, futhi uketshezi luthwala umthwalo osindayo webhayoloji ne-sulphide. Ithangi lensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi liyayibamba ngoba ungqimba lwe-enamel luxutshwe nensimbi ku-820–930 °C, lunobukhulu obungu-0.25–0.45 mm, alunasimo ku-pH 1–14, futhi luhlolwa nge-spark ku-1500 V DC ngemva kokuhlanganiswa. Izingozi zokugqwala ezisele zingaphandle kwesembozo: i-gasket, umhlangano oboshiwe, indawo yegesi eluphahleni kanye ne-coating yangaphandle ngaphansi komugqa wesisekelo. Dizayina isembozo, i-gasket kanye ne-vent njengohlelo olulodwa bese ithangi lifinyelela impilo yalo yokuklama yeminyaka engu-30 ngaphandle kokushintshwa kwesembozo.
Ukugcinwa kwe-leachate akuvamile ukuba kube umsebenzi okhangayo, futhi cishe njalo kwenzeka sekwephuze kakhulu kuphrojekthi: iseli liyagcwala, uhlelo lokuqoqa luyakhiqiza, futhi kudingeka ithangi elizobamba okusele ngaphambi kokuba kucutshungulwe noma kuhwamuke. Uketshezi lufika lunekhemistri uminjiniyela wokuklama angakalingi ngaleyo nyanga, noma ngezinye izikhathi angakalingi nhlobo, futhi lufika linengxenye yezinto eziqinile ezihlalayo. Le ndatshana ihlanganisa isithombe sangempela sokugqwala emsebenzini we-leachate, izinketho zokwakha ithangi ezimelana nakho, izinketho zejometri ezinquma ukuthi ithangi lingabamba isikhathi esingakanani umthwalo ogcwele phakathi nenkathi yemvula, kanye nohlu lokuhlola olugcina lisebenza.
Ukuthi uketshezi luhlasela ini ngempela
I-leachate igqwala ngamakhemikhali nangaphezulu kwezinto eziqinile, futhi lezi zindlela ezimbili zokwehluleka zihlukile. Ngokwamakhemikhali, i-leachate entsha evela esitokisini esisha ine-asidi futhi icebile ngama-asidi amafutha ashintshashintshayo ne-hydrogen sulphide; i-leachate evuthiwe ihamba ngokwe-alkaline ene-ammonia ephezulu ne-chloride. Zombili iziphetho zalolo hlu luhlangana nokuthi i-glass-fused-to-steel ibhekana nakho, njengoba i-enamel ingenzi lutho ku-pH 1–14, kodwa isikhala segesi esingaphezu komthamo we-leachate ogciniwe yilapho umonakalo omningi wenzeka khona uma ungalawulwa: i-hydrogen sulphide esikhaleni sekhanda esinomswakama ihlasela insimbi engenalutho futhi ihlasela ngisho nohlelo lwezinto zokumboza olwakhethwa umsebenzi wokucwiliswa esikhundleni somsebenzi womhwamuko.
Ngokomshini, ingxenye eqinile iyahlala futhi ibambe amanzi ngokumelene namapuleti angaphansi egobolondo, futhi umugqa woketshezi ubona ukugxila okuphezulu kakhulu kwezinto eziqinile ezincibilikile kanye nokuhlaselwa okunamandla kakhulu kwendawo. Lelo futhi yibhande lapho ukushiyeka kwengubo kuba khona ngokusebenzayo kunokuba kube ngokokuhlobisa. I-Glass-fused-to-steel isusa ingubo kulelo zibalo: i-enamel ixhunywe nensimbi, ngakho-ke izindlela zokwehluleka ziba ukuhlukaniswa kwe-enamel kusuka kwisisekelo kanye nokushiyeka kwembobo emincane, kokubili okutholakala efektriyi ngokuhlolwa kwe-spark ye-1500 V DC kunokuba kutholakale ngonyaka wesihlanu. Lapho iphrojekthi idinga ukhetho lwensimbi enengubo esikhundleni salokho, i-fusion-bonded epoxy esetshenziswa kufilimu engu-180–280 µm ngaphansi kwe-AWWA C550 enokumelana nokufafazwa kukasawoti okungaphezu kwamahora angu-4000 iyindlela eqhathanisekayo, futhi iyifilimu encibilikisiwe eyimpushana kunefilimu ependwe.
Ukwakhiwa kwethangi le-leachate
Ithangi le-leachate iyisitsha esinengcindezi ephansi, futhi incazelo kufanele isho lokho ngaphambi kokuba noma ubani alibize ngokuthi isitsha sengcindezi. Uqweqwe lusebenza ngengcindezi yomkhathi ngomoya ophumayo; umngcele wengcindezi uwuhlelo lwophahla kanye nesethingi yokukhulula, ngokuvamile ama-kilopascal ambalwa kuphela. Ukuthola lokho kuhlukaniswa kahle esigabeni sokubhida kugwema indlela yekhodi engeza izindleko ngaphandle kokwengeza ukuphepha. Uma iphrojekthi idinga ngempela isitsha sengcindezi, leso sitsha siklanyelwe incazelo kanye namakhodi okuvunyelwene ngawo enkontilekeni, futhi ukuthengwa kwaso kuhlukile kumaqweqwe okugcina i-leachate.
Uhlobo lokwakha lulandela i-logistics yendawo njengoba kwenza ikhemistri. Igobolondo lensimbi engagqwali noma i-carbon steel elishiselwe iyindlela eyodwa futhi idinga ukuhlolwa okungonakalisi kwemithungo yasensimini; igobolondo lensimbi elihlanganiswe nengilazi ngamabhawodi lifika njengamaphaneli ayisicaba angaba ngu-1.2 m ububanzi, lihlangana ngamajoyinti ane-gasket namabhawodi e-8.8-grade, futhi alidingi ukuqanjwa kwangaphakathi kwendawo. Ububanzi obukhulu bubalulekile lapha ngoba umthamo wokugcina i-leachate uvame ukudingeka ngokushesha nangobuningi: amathangi angamabhawodi awodwa anikezwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³, futhi igobolondo lobubanzi obukhulu linikeza umthamo ngaphandle kwesakhiwo eside esingenza kube nzima i-ring beam kanye nesimo somoya. Ithangi elingaphakanyiswa kamuva ngamaphaneli engeziwe liyisivikelo esiwusizo lapho izinga lokugcwalisa lingaqinisekile.
I-Geometry, ukulawulwa kwezinga kanye ne-buffer yesikhathi semvula
Umbuzo womthamo uwumbuzo mayelana nesikhathi esibi kakhulu semvula lapho isiza singabhekana naso. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-leachate kufinyelela umvuthwandaba ngemva kwezimvula ezinamandla nasezikhathini zokuqala zeseli, futhi isitoreji kufanele sihlanganise igebe phakathi kokukhiqizwa nomthamo wokukhipha, kuhlanganise nanoma yisiphi isikhathi sokuvalwa semisebenzi yokwelapha. Ukukhiqizwa kwemodeli uma kuqhathaniswa nokukhipha phakathi nenyanga embi kakhulu futhi umthamo odingekayo uyavela; bese ububanzi nokuphakama kulandela ubudlelwano obufanayo obungu-0.785 ophindwe nge-D² ophindwe nge-H obusetshenziswa kunoma yithangi eliyindilinga, kunezelwa i-freeboard yegwebu, inzika kanye nesimo sokwanda. Ukulawulwa kwezinga lokusebenza kubalulekile ngokufanayo: ukuchichima noma ukuphuma kwezinga eliphezulu nge-alamu eya egumbini lokulawula lesiza yikho okuguqula ithangi lokugcina libe yimpahla yokuqukatha esikhundleni sokuba yisibopho.
Ngaphansi kwethangi, isisekelo siyingxenye evamise ukungacaciswa kahle. Ithangi eliboshwe ngamabhawudi lifuna i-ring beam noma iphedi enomehluko wokuhlala phansi olawulwayo kanye nephethini ye-anchor ehambisana nezimbobo zamaphaneli. Ithangi le-leachate elisekhasini lokugcina likadoti noma esizindeni esilungisiwe linemfuneko eyengeziwe yokuthi iphedi ngokwayo akumele iphule uhlelo lwe-liner, okusho ukuthi ithangi livamise ukubekwa ephedini ehlukile elungisiwe ngaphakathi kwesizinda kunokuba libekwe ngqo ekhasini lokugcina. Ukuvikelwa kwangaphandle kokugqwala kwesikhumba esingaphansi komhlaba, kanye nepleyiti yaphansi lapho kungekho lining yangaphakathi kumklamo oshiselwe, kungaphansi kobubanzi obufanayo.
Ukucaciswa Kobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ububanzi | Qaphela |
Izinga lokushisa lokuhlangana kwe-enamel | 820–930 °C | umjikelezo owodwa wokuhlangana okushisayo ensimbi |
Ubukhulu bongqimba lwe-enamel | 0.25–0.45 mm | Ukuhlolwa kwe-spark ye-1500 V DC ngemva kokuhlanganiswa |
Amandla okucindezela kwengqimba ye-enamel | ngaphezu kuka-3,450 N/cm² | kulinganiselwe ingqimba ye-enamel |
Ukumelana ne-pH kwe-enamel | 1–14 | ihlanganisa i-leachate encane ene-asidi kanye ne-leachate evuthiwe ene-alkaline |
Ukuqina kwendawo yangaphakathi | Ra < 0.8 µm | low deposit hold-up on the wall |
Design life | at least 30 years | under the specified chemical service |
Ububanzi bephaneli | cishe u-1.2 m | iphaneli ye-modular eboshiwe, ithunyelwa icaba |
Izinga lamabhawodi | amabhawodi ezinga le-8.8 | umhlangano oboshiwe ovimbela ukugqwala |
I-Gasket | I-EPDM evamile, qinisekisa ngokumelene ne-pH kanye nezinga lokushisa | iminyaka yokusebenza, phinda uqinise isikhathi esihleliwe |
Isigaba sengcindezi | i-atmospheric to low pressure | uphahla nendawo yokuphefumula kuchaza umngcele |
enye indlela ye-FBE | 180–280 µm, ngaphezu kuka-4000 h we-salt spray | AWWA C550, indlela yokumboza esikhundleni se-enamel |
Ukuhlola kanye nezinto ezizohluleka ngempela
Uhlelo lokuhlola ithangi le-leachate lufushane futhi luqondile. Ngaphandle: i-coating engaphezulu nangaphansi komugqa wesisekelo, amakhanda e-bolt kanye ne-joint gasket evezayo kumthungo ngamunye oqondile, kanye nokuqhekeka kokuhlala phansi kunoma yikuphi ku-ring beam. Ngaphakathi, ngesikhathi sokuqala sokungena: i-enamel yama-pinhole noma i-delamination, kanye nokuhlolwa kabusha kwe-spark ngemuva kwanoma yiliphi iphaneli eliye lavulwa; i-bottom plate lapho inzika ibambe khona amanzi; i-inlet deflector kanye ne-outlet nozzle; kanye ne-level gauge. Ngokomshini: i-vent kanye nanoma yikuphi ukutholwa kwegesi endaweni yomoya, i-manway gasket, kanye ne-high-level alarm.
Into yokugcina iyafanele ukugcizelelwa. Amathangi e-leachate ehluleka emlandweni womphakathi lapho ephuphuma, futhi imbangela enkulu akuyona ukwehluleka kwe-lining kodwa ukuphathwa kwezinga: akukho i-alamu esebenzayo yezinga eliphezulu, umsebenzi osebenza isikhathi esingaphelele, kanye nokuxhumana kokukhipha okwakucatshangwa. Ukucacisa ithuluzi lezinga eline-alamu ekude, i-valve yokulawula ngesandla kanye ne-protocol yokukhipha echaziwe kubiza kancane kunombiko owodwa wokuchitheka.
Icala Leprojekthi
Iprojekthi | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Amathangi e-leachate, amayunithi amabili | China, Beijing | Amathangi e-GFS | 9,682 m³ | φ16.23 × 23.4 m, ukunikezwa kanye nokugadwa |
Ithangi le-leachate elishiselwe | China, Hebei | ithangi lensimbi elishiselwe | insizakalo ye-leachate | ukuhlinzeka nokushisela endaweni |
Ithangi lamanzi elinobubanzi obukhulu | INamibia | Ithangi le-GFS | 44,900 m³ | ukuhlinzeka nokugada |
Ithangi lamanzi angcolile amakhemikhali | eChina, eZhejiang | Ithangi le-GFS | 11,613 m³ | φ24.45 × 19.8 m, ukuhlinzeka |
Ikhono Lobunjiniyela be-Center Enamel
UCenter Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isungule futhi yakha amathangi okugcina anezibophezelo kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi ensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ehlanganiswe ne-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kukhuliswe umthamo wokukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, i-WRAS, i-FDA, i-LFGB, i-CE (EN 1090), i-ISO 28765, i-FM, i-BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukuklama kubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo lokusetshenziswa ludinga khona.
Ngokwesevisi ye-leachate ingxenye efanele yalokho i-enamel chemistry envelope, isipiliyoni sedokodo elikhulu elidingekayo ukubamba i-wet-period buffer emkhunjini owodwa, kanye nokukhethwa kwe-gasket ne-vent okugcina umngcele uphelele lapho uketshezi lushintsha ukusuka ku-acidic kuya ku-alkaline phakathi kwezigaba ezincane nezivuthiwe zeseli.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Ingabe ithangi lensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi lingabamba i-leachate yendawo yokulahla udoti eluhlaza?
Impendulo 1: Yebo, ngaphakathi kwe-envelope ye-pH 1–14 ye-enamel, ehlanganisa kokubili i-leachate eluhlaza ene-acidic kanye ne-leachate evuthiwe ene-alkaline. Qinisekisa into ye-gasket nokwelashwa kwesikhala segesi, ngoba lezo zingaphandle kokulawula kwe-lining.
Umbuzo 2: Ingabe ukugcinwa kwe-leachate eluhlaza kuyi-pressure vessel?
A2: Cha, iyithangi lokugcina elisebenza emfuthumaleni womoya noma ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephansi. Idivayisi yokukhipha umoya kanye neyokukhulula icindezela umngcele wengcindezi kumakhilopaskali ambalwa. Izitsha zengcindezi, lapho inqubo izidinga khona, ziklanyelwe ngokucaciswa namakhodi okuvunyelwene ngawo enkontilekeni.
Q3: Ithangi le-leachate kufanele libe nomthamo ongakanani?
A3: Yilinganise nesikhathi esimbi kakhulu semvula: umthamo odingekayo phakathi kokukhiqizwa okuphezulu kanye nomthamo okhona wokukhipha, kanye nebhodi yamahhala. Ijika lokukhiqiza leseli lokulahla imfucuza likhuphuka kakhulu eminyakeni yokuqala, ngakho-ke isidingo sokuqala ngokuvamile sikhulu kunesimo esizinzile.
Q4: Uyini umehluko phakathi kwethangi lokugcina i-leachate kanye nethangi lensimbi elishiselwe lapha?
A4: Ukugcina ngokuvamile kunezindleko eziphansi futhi kushesha ukufaka endaweni ngegobolondo le-enamel eliboshiwe; igobolondo elishiselwe liyinto eyodwa futhi lidinga ukuhlolwa kokushisela endaweni. Ukukhetha kuvame ukuqhutshwa ukufinyelela endaweni, ivolumu edingekayo kanye nokuthi ingaphakathi kufanele kuhlolwe futhi kuhlanzwe yini.
Q5: Ingabe i-enamel idinga ukuhlolwa kwe-spark kabusha isesebenzayo?
A5: Ukuhlolwa kwe-spark kwenziwa ngemva kokuhlanganiswa nangemva kokuba noma yiliphi iphaneli livuliwe futhi lishintshiwe. Isesebenzayo i-enamel ihlolwa ngokubona; umgodi omncane noma ukuhlukaniswa emugqeni woketshezi yisimo esidinga ukuhlolwa kabusha kwendawo.
Q6: Kuthiwani ngesisekelo sethangi endaweni yokulahla udoti?
A7: Ithangi kufanele lihlale endaweni yalo elungiselelwe ngokukhethekile enokuzinza okulawulwayo, hhayi ngqo phezu kwesembozo se-cap, ukuze ukuvuza noma ukuchitheka kubanjwe endaweni engaqedi. Ukugcotshwa kwangaphandle ngaphansi kwezinga lomhlaba nangaphansi kwephethini ye-anchor kuyingxenye yomsebenzi.
Q7: Ingabe ithangi lingakhula uma indawo yokulahla udoti igcwala ngokushesha kunalokho obekuhlelwe?
A8: Kuqhubeka kusibhodi esinezibophezelo. Amaphaneli engeziwe akhuphula ubude noma amabheyi engeziwe andisa ububanzi, futhi ukucacisa iphedi yendawo enkulu ekuqaleni kubiza kancane uma kuqhathaniswa nokwengeza ithangi lesibili kamuva.
Amathangi okugcina amanzi angcolile asezindaweni zokulahla udoti anqunywa noma alahlekelwe yizinto ezintathu: i-enamel lining engasebenzi kulo lonke uhla lwe-pH, i-gasket kanye nohlelo lokukhipha umoya olukhethwa ngokuhambisana noketshezi hhayi ngomkhuba, kanye nokulawulwa kwezinga kanye nenqubo yokukhipha amanzi evimbela ukuchichima. Impahla yegobolondo iyingxenye elula uma i-chemistry isichaziwe; izinto ezingemingceleni yilapho isabelomali sokulungisa sichitha khona.
Sithumelele ukuhlaziywa kwamanzi angcolile, ijika lokukhiqiza, umthamo wokukhipha kanye nesimo sepad yehadi, futhi sizokubuyisela usayizi wethangi, isincomo se-lining ne-gasket, kanye nephakethe yefayela lobuchwepheshe.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Sizobuyekeza ikhemistri yakho kanye nedatha yakho yokukhiqiza ngaphambi kokuncoma umkhiqizo. Yabelana ngobubanzi be-pH, izibalo ze-chloride ne-ammonia, ivolumu yokugcina edingekayo kanye nesimo se-pad, futhi uzothola ukukhethwa okubhaliwe, uhlu lokuhlola kanye nemidwebo yokubuyekeza. Ubunjiniyela kuqala, akukho ingcindezi.
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